One of the most popular and affordable inpatient operations used to treat osteoarthritis in the older population in Canada is hip and knee replacement. However, due to their higher risk of complications and associated costs, revision procedures pose substantial challenges. Using the Canadian Joint Replacement Registry (CJRR) Annual Reports (2017–2019), a recent study on revision predictors indexed by PubMed, and preliminary findings from the open-source Kaggle dataset Too Hip to be Cool, this narrative review summarizes national trends, revision risks, and cost implications for hip and knee arthroplasty in Canada. Descriptive analysis of the Kaggle dataset was conducted in conjunction with a review of pertinent national registry reports and peer-reviewed literature. Surgery numbers, demographic trends, revision causes, and related inpatient expenses were among the important outcomes. The average number of hip and knee replacements performed in Canada is over 130,000 per year, and over 20% more have been performed in the past five years. Degenerative arthritis is the main cause of this number. The primary causes of revision rates, which are still low but costly, are infection, aseptic loosening, and instability. Exploratory Kaggle data analysis suggests potential routes for artificial intelligence risk prediction, which is consistent with registry patterns. This analysis emphasizes the need to track revision risks to inform optimal practices and the ongoing high demand for hip and knee replacements. Data-driven decision-making can be improved, and patient outcomes for Canadians can be optimized by connecting registries with open patient-level statistics and PROMs.

A Critical Review of Canadian Hip and Knee Replacement Trends and Revisions

Opening of the Conference

Inspired by colleagues’ work to embed the principles of DORA but frustrated by the snail-like pace at our own institution, we embarked on a plan of small workshops to Do DORAif/where we could. What developed over the next 12 months was in the spirit of our original plan but far beyond what we had envisaged. This breakout will discuss the ways in which circumstance actually embedded, promoted and advocated for DORA with a shoestring budget and time where available. We will discuss practical promotion, guerrilla good-practice, unexpected outcomes and embracing flexible opportunities when it comes to Doing DORA.

Doing DORA: A small-scale project to upscale research culture and research integrity

In this highly interactive, practical session, we’ll introduce the COUNTER Code of Practice for usage for usage reporting and guide you through the ins and outs of obtaining and working with your reports. You’ll come away understanding the value of normalised metrics for comparing across publishers and over time, which metrics to use and when, and of course best practice for harvesting your data using automated tools

COUNTER-intuitive: up close and personal with usage metrics

PGRs are some of the most excited and driven researchers, eager to engage with open access and open research. However, they are also incredibly influenced by the environment in which they find themselves, particularly by their research supervisor’s own behaviours and opinions around open research. Their status as students often limits their access to tools and support available to employed researchers. Equally, their status as researchers can lead to the assumption that they already understand the research and publishing landscape. What can libraries do to support PGRs in becoming ethical and open researchers? Are the one-shot training courses, often voluntary, enough? This talk will discuss barriers and strategies around support for PGRs as they embark on their research careers.

Supporting postgraduate research students in scholarly communications and open research

How do we evidence the impact of inclusive library collections on the university community? How do we convince university leadership that the value-added potential of the library is worth the investment?

Raising the grade and closing the gap? Exploring the link between inclusive library collections and student success

We will talk about the development of the Metadata Team at the University of Leeds. Over the last seven years the team has evolved from a traditional, book-in-hand Cataloguing Team to a forward thinking, dynamic Metadata & Discovery Team. We are now involved in myriad projects ranging from internal Special Collections cataloguing to the development of international linked data and BIBFRAME partnerships. 

We will cover five key areas that have contributed to this development. We will share techniques, approaches and examples from the last few years that illustrate the value and importance of a people-centric approach to metadata and discovery.

From Cataloguing to Discovery: a journey of innovation and resilience

AAAI/EAAI Patrick Henry Winston Outstanding Educator Award: T(w)eaching AI in the Age of LLMs

Ultrafast laser surface structuring presents a compelling avenue for finely tuning material surface properties, such as coloration, wettability, tribological properties, etc. While nanoripples, the conventional laser-induced periodic surface structures, offer control over surface coloration, their effectiveness is limited to a narrow viewing angle. Addressing this limitation requires the development of techniques for generating alternative surface structures like nanobumps. Current methods for generating nanobumps, such as the double-pulse technique, are characterized by their complexity and high costs, posing significant challenges to widespread implementation. In this investigation, we introduce a novel approach for creating periodic nanobump structures through a straightforward double-scan method. This method involves subjecting the same surface to two consecutive laser scans with differing polarization directions.

Our study delves into the formation dynamics of these intriguing nanostructures, exploring the influence of laser parameters such as peak fluence, overlapping ratio, and polarization angle between scans. We propose and validate a formation mechanism to elucidate the observed phenomena. The resultant nanobump structures exhibit superior optical characteristics compared to nanoripples, particularly in terms of enhanced visibility across multiple viewing angles. By broadening the scope of achievable surface structures, our findings significantly expand the potential applications of ultrafast laser surface structuring. This research not only advances our understanding of laser-material interactions but also paves the way for the development of innovative surface engineering strategies with implications across diverse fields.

A Double-Scan Technique for Femtosecond Laser-Induced Nanobumps

Mechanistic interpretability is one of the most exciting and important research programs in current AI. My aim is to build some philosophical foundations for the program, along with setting out some concrete challenges and assessing progress to date. I will argue for the importance of propositional interpretability, which involves interpreting a system’s mechanisms and behavior in terms of propositional attitudes: attitudes (such as belief, desire, or subjective probability) to propositions (e.g. the proposition that it is hot outside). Propositional attitudes are the central way that we interpret and explain human beings and they are likely to be central in AI too. A central challenge is what I call thought logging: creating systems log all of the relevant propositional attitudes in an AI system over time. I will examine currently popular methods of interpretability (such as probing, sparse auto-encoders, and chain of thought methods) as well as philosophical methods of interpretation (including psychosemantics and representation theorems) to assess their strengths and weaknesses as methods of propositional interpretability.

Propositional Interpretability in Humans and AI Systems

Can AI Benefit Humanity?

Spatial reasoning is a core component of an agent’s ability to operate in or reason about the physical world. LLMs are widely promoted as having abilities to reason about a wide variety of domains, including commonsense. In this talk I will discuss the ability of state-of-the-art LLMs to perform commonsense reasoning, particularly with regard to spatial information. Across a wide range of LLMs, although they show abilities rather better than chance, they still struggle with many questions and tasks, for example when reasoning about directions, or topological relations.

Underline digital video library