United States

AE-PCOS 2022

Luteinizing hormone knockout alleviates anxiety in aged, but not in young mice

### Looking for Cogsci 2023? Please [click here](https://underline.io/events/405/reception) to switch to 2023 edition.


**Dear Colleagues,**

Welcome to the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society! 

This year’s conference brings together the latest research from all Cognitive Science and also highlights this year’s theme **Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds.** 

The program features four plenary speakers: Friederike Range (University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna), Onur Güntürkün (Ruhr University Bochum), Julia Fischer (University of Göttingen), and Erich Jarvis (The Rockefeller University). The keynotes and invited symposia showcase the broad spectrum of ideas that encompass the conference theme of comparative cognition. 

Further, the program includes the Rumelhart Prize keynote presentation by Susan Goldin-Meadow (University of Chicago), and symposia to celebrate the winner of the Elman Prize: Wei Ji Ma (New York University), the Heineken Award winner Robert Zatorre (McGill University), and the Robert J. Glushko Dissertation Prizes session.

The program committee for CogSci 2021 received 1,025 submissions, including 710 full papers, 275 member abstracts, 8 publication-based talks, as well as 15 proposals for symposia, and 17 for workshops and tutorials. After a rigorous review process, the committee selected 152 papers for oral presentation and inclusion in the conference proceedings (14.8%), 332 papers for poster presentation and inclusion in the proceedings (32.4%), and 175 papers for poster presentation with inclusion of abstracts in the proceedings (17.1%) We also selected 275 submitted member abstracts. In addition, we accepted 6 publication-based talks, 12 symposia, and 9 workshops and tutorials to make for an exciting and inclusive program.

We hope that you enjoy the conference this year!<br><br>

**Your Program Chairs,**
![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/99984908caba5e6453e5fc5ba34f3507.jpg)

**Learn more about the Vienna Cognitive Science Hub at the University of Vienna, hosts of CogSci 2021**

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/464h1m3iU68" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

To review the proceedings for the conference or review the searchable program, please visit the [website](https://cognitivesciencesociety.org/program/).


CogSci 2021

The Cognitive Science Society brings together researchers from around the world who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The mission of the Society is to promote Cognitive Science as a discipline, and to foster scientific interchange among researchers in various areas of study, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education. The Society is a non-profit professional organization and its activities include sponsoring an annual conference and publishing the journals Cognitive Science and TopiCS.

technical paper

### Welcome to the AE-PCOS Society's 20th Annual Meeting!


The AE-PCOS Society’s 20th Annual Meeting's theme will be Reflections and Directions. The meeting will aim to incorporate the perspectives of both long-time, contributing members of the Society and newer members of the Society, while highlighting the latest research findings in PCOS-related clinical and basic research.

The recorded content will be available to registrants only for three months after the meeting. 


To gain access to this event page you are required to register. 

For tickets to the event, please register [here](https://secure.ae-society.org/np/clients/aesociety/eventRegistration.jsp?forwardedFromSecureDomain=1&event=2). 

Please register for the AE-PCOS 2022 Conference to join the event.

The AE-PCOS Society’s 20th Annual Meeting's theme are Reflections and Directions. The meeting aims to incorporate the perspectives of both long-time, contributing members of the Society and newer members of the Society, while highlighting the latest research findings in PCOS-related clinical and basic research.

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, early screening of dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD) and heart function are not routine in the primary care of high-risk young women with and without PCOS. The aim of this study was to provide evidence-based research to aid the development of assessment guidelines for early detection of dyslipidaemia, cardiac dysfunction and ACVD in high-risk young women with and without PCOS. 

METHODS: A case-control study in high-cardiometabolic risk (body mass index (BMI>25) women aged 25-45 years with and without PCOS, matched for age and body mass index, and healthy weight controls was conducted. The main outcome measures included blood lipids, apoB-lipoproteins, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid plaque and cardiac function using ultrasound and 2D/3D echocardiography. 

RESULTS: High-risk women with (n-45) and without PCOS (n=20) had a 25% higher total apoB, 30% higher non-HDL-C and 50% higher triglycerides compared to age-matched health weight controls (n=10). PCOS tended to have higher plasma triglycerides, total ApoB, non-HDL-C and remnant cholesterol compared to BMI-matched controls Those with PCOS had a significantly lower HDL-C compared to both BMI-age-matched and health-weight controls. Carotid plaque was 3- and 8-fold higher in those with PCOS compared to BMI-matched and healthy weight controls, respectively. Those with PCOS and BMI-matched controls had increased cIMT by 15% and early left ventricular global longitudinal strain by 10%, compared to healthy-weight controls.

CONCLUSIONS: High-risk PCOS and BMI-matched controls have early impairment in global cardiac function and increased ACVD, and this is associated with an atherogenic dyslipidemic profile. These results suggest early primary prevention screening and a risk-stratification model may be warranted in this high-risk population of young women to reduce risk of premature development and incidence of CVD.

This research is funded by Women and Children’s Health Research Institute and Mazankowski Heart Research Institute


Early Atherosclerosis in High-Risk Young Women With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 

OBJECTIVE: PCOS is the most common metabolic-endocrine disorder that can impact health and quality of life over a lifespan. It is important we understand the scope of health outcomes that impact the health and quality of life of those with PCOS in order to improve health care in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of co-morbidities in PCOS compared to an age-matched population. 
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational case-control study in those diagnosed with PCOS and age-matched controls using the Alberta Health Services Health Analytics database from 2002-2019 in Alberta, Canada. 
RESULTS: The incidence of high blood pressure, high blood lipids, diseases of the heart, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, pre-diabetes, eating disorders, mental illness, depression-anxiety, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory infections and all cancers was 20-40% (p<0.0001) higher in PCOS (n=16531) compared to controls (n=49335). Overweight-obesity, non-alcoholic liver disease, Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D had a 3-fold greater incidence in PCOS (p<0.0001). Cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease were 60% higher in PCOS compared to controls (p<0.0001). 
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate PCOS is associated with a significantly greater incidence of co-morbidities and adverse health outcomes. This data provides evidence of the potential economic health care burden and lower quality of life in those with PCOS. The data may also indicate a need to improve education of patients and clinicians in raising awareness of health risks and implementation of preventative health care in this high-risk population. 
This work was funded by the Women and Children’s Health Research Institute and University of Alberta Medical Research Foundation.


PCOS is Associated with Increased Incidence of Co-morbidities in a Canadian Population Cohort

LH/CG Receptor activation protects mice from diet-induced obesity

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities. Information on cardiovascular disease (CVD) event risk associated with PCOS is mixed limited by sample size, diagnostic criteria, and years of follow up especially in US cohorts. Metformin, a drug traditionally used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), is first line treatment for many women with PCOS We hypothesize that women with PCOS are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases CVD and that metformin may play a protective role in disease progression.
METHODS: We leveraged the Penn Medicine electronic health record (EHR) which contains diagnosis information for 2,514,400 women. We calculated relative risk (RR) of being diagnosed with CVD or thrombotic disease (based on diagnosis codes) for women who were also diagnosed with PCOS or PCOS + T2D. For both RR calculations, our cases were women aged 15-50 who had at least one visit with PCOS diagnosis with or without T2D diagnosis. Controls were women aged 15-50 without a PCOS diagnosis but who had at least one visit for T2D. We also calculated RR of being diagnosed with CVD or thrombotic event for women aged 15-50 with at least one PCOS + T2D diagnosis who were treated with the drug metformin. Controls were women aged 15-50 with a PCOS +T2D diagnosis but were not treated with metformin.
RESULTS: Of the 945,670 women aged 15-50, 22,030 (2.3%) had at least one visit for PCOS diagnosis while 2,010 (0.2%) had PCOS and T2D. We found that the risk for CVD for women with PCOS was 1.35 times that of age matched controls (95% CI 1.29 ± 1.43, p = 1.76e-28) and the risk for thrombotic disease was 2.02 times that of age matched controls (95% CI 1.81 ± 2.26, p = 5.25e-37). We found that women with PCOS + T2D had decreased risk for CVD (RR = 0.26, 96% CI 0.23 ± 0.29, p = 6.21e-140) and thrombotic disease (RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.47 ± 0.77, p = 3.02e-05). Because many women with T2D are prescribed metformin, we wanted to know if a metformin prescription had a protective effect on being diagnosed with CVD or thrombotic disease. By calculating RR, we found that women with PCOS + T2D who were prescribed metformin were 15% less likely of developing CVD (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 ± 0.93, p = 5.03e-05) and 4% less likely of developing TD (RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.83 ± 1.12, NS) compared to patients that were never prescribed metformin.
CONCLUSIONS: In a large longitudinal cohort of women diagnosed with PCOS, we showed that a PCOS diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of CVD events. We also showed that PCOS patients who also had T2D diagnosis had decreased risk of CVD, which we observed was potentially associated by the protective effects of the drug metformin. Due to the high prevalence of CVD in women, longitudinal studies are needed to uncover the molecular, genetic, and pharmacogenomic pathways underlying disease progression in women with PCOS.

Cardiovascular events associated with PCOS diagnosis in large longitudinal cohort

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have poorer work ability and higher disability retirement rate at midlife - A Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

OBJECTIVE: To contrast the diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasonographic markers of ovarian morphology to 2D ultrasonography and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels for detection of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Any gains in diagnostic accuracy when combining ovarian markers was also explored.

METHODS: 30 women with PCOS based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria and 30 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were evaluated. Transvaginal ultrasound scans (GE Voluson E or S Series; 5-12 MHz) and blood draws were conducted during the early follicular phase for women with regular cycles or at a random time for women with irregular cycles. Ovarian images were analyzed for the number of 2-9mm antral follicles in the entire ovary (FNPO), number of 2-5mm antral follicles (FNPO2-5mm) and 6-9mm antral follicles (FNPO6-9mm), and ovarian volume (OV) using 3D and 2D ultrasonography by one of six trained raters. 3D versus 2D ovarian markers were compared using Bland-Altman agreement statistics for matched-pair analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of ovarian markers for PCOS was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Stepwise logistic regression analysis determined if combinations of ultrasonographic markers or AMH yielded greater diagnostic potential than single parameters.

RESULTS: 3D measurements of FNPO, FNPO2-5mm, and OV had greater diagnostic accuracy for PCOS compared to their 2D counterparts. The most accurate markers for PCOS were 3D FNPO (AUC=0.938) and 3D FNPO2-5mm (AUC=0.933), followed by 2D FNPO (AUC=0.922) and 2D FNPO2-5mm (AUC=0.906). Despite overall agreement between 3D and 2D FNPO measures, 3D ultrasonography overcounted FNPO2-5mm (2.00 ± 3.68, P=0.006) and undercounted FNPO6-9mm (-3.00 ± 3.49, P<0.001) in women with PCOS. AMH (AUC=0.898) had greater diagnostic accuracy than 3D and 2D OV (AUC=0.854 and 0.849, respectively), but remained inferior to both 3D and 2D follicle counts. The addition of OV or AMH did not improve diagnostic accuracy for follicle counts. However, the addition of AMH did substantially improve the diagnostic accuracy of 3D OV (AUC=0.918) and 2D OV (AUC=0.911).

CONCLUSIONS: 3D ultrasonographic markers of ovarian morphology outperformed 2D markers in the diagnosis of PCOS, with 3D markers of follicle excess being the most accurate measure overall. AMH had inferior diagnostic accuracy compared to FNPO across both modalities but was superior to OV. Addition of AMH improved the predictive power of OV on 2D and 3D ultrasonography thereby offering a robust alternative when image quality prevents an accurate assessment of follicle counts.

(This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health Grant [R01HD09374, R56HD089962, UL1 TR000457-06, T32DK007158-41] and the Canadian Institute of Health Research [FRN 146182].)


3D Markers of ovarian morphology outperform 2D ultrasonography and Anti-Müllerian hormone in the diagnosis of PCOS

Comparing Rotterdam and NIH Criteria: Women with PCOS have increased risk for cardiovascular diseases regardless of diagnostic criteria used

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and dyslipidemia, but the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese women with PCOS have only been investigated in clinic-based study population. Therefore, a population-based longitudinal study can help establish the overall risk of diabetes progression in Chinese women with PCOS. 
METHODS: This territory-wide, retrospective cohort study evaluated data extracted from the Hong Kong Diabetes Surveillance Database (HKDSD) between year 2000 and 2019. The subjects were women with PCOS (n=3978) identified based on the ICD-9 code for PCOS diagnosis, whilst women without PCOS served as controls (n=39780). Women with PCOS were age-matched at a ratio of 1:10 to a set of non-PCOS controls. Primary outcome was the first record of incident diabetes. Crude rates for diabetes were presented, and time to diabetes was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. 
RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 6.3 ± 4.2 and 7.0 ± 4.3 years in women with PCOS (baseline mean age: 28.53 ± 7.39 years old) and controls (baseline mean age: 28.93 ± 7.62 years old), respectively.  In the cohort of women with PCOS, the crude incidence rate of diabetes was 21.48 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 19.56 -23.40) compared with 3.51 (95% CI 3.29-3.73) in the control cohort. The crude hazard ratio for the development of diabetes in Chinese women with PCOS was 6.25 (95% CI: 5.60-6.98, p<0.001). All participants were further stratified by age groups (≤19, 20-29, 30-39 and ≥40 years old). The incidence rate of diabetes was significantly higher in women diagnosed with PCOS than that of the age-matched control cohort, especially if PCOS was diagnosed at a younger age. Although the excess risk of developing diabetes decreased with increasing age at diagnosis, it remained significantly higher in women with PCOS across all age groups. Nevertheless, diabetes was diagnosed on average 5 years earlier in women with PCOS compared to control counterpart (mean onset of diabetes in PCOS: 34.65 ± 8.13 vs control: 39.61 ± 9.38, p<0.001). 
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing diabetes is markedly increased in Chinese women with PCOS compared with women without PCOS. Women diagnosed with PCOS at a younger age have the highest relative risk of developing diabetes when compared to non-PCOS women, suggesting regular glycaemic status screening might be required in order to detect diabetes at an early stage. 

Increased risk of diabetes across the reproductive age range in women with PCOS: A territory-wide retrospective analysis from the Hong Kong diabetes surveillance database

Gut microbiota appears to be implicated in the development of a wide range of diseases affecting different organs and systems of the body. Alterations in composition, diversity and metabolites derived from the gut microbiota have been reported in preliminary animal and human studies of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) indicating that microbiota might potentially be involved in development of the syndrome and its long-term metabolic health consequences. Our results suggest that gut microbiome of both lean and obese PCOS patients with full phenotype shows compositional alterations with similar bacterial richness and diversity compared to healthy women and that oral contraceptive use does not alter composition of gut microbiota in the syndrome. However, microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors closely linked to cardiovascular disease are elevated in PCOS and oral contraceptive use is associated with reduction of these microbiome-dependent metabolites. Larger studies are needed to investigate whether dysbiosis has an implication in pathogenesis of PCOS and whether it could give rise to novel treatment opportunities. 

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