Serbia

Dental caries and gingivitis are the prominent oral diseases among children with social disadvantage such as differently-abled children.  Oral health service utilization (OHSU) of these children can be even more challenging. This study evaluates the prevalence of dental carries and gingivitis and determines the factors affecting OHSU of the differently-abled school children in Katmandu, using the Anderson health care utilization model.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the schools in Kathmandu that enroll the differently-abled children from which a total of 400 school children aged 7-18 years old were randomly selected for the study. The children’s oral health status was examined by a dentist. Data on predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors of the children were collected fromtheir legal guardians,using a self-administered questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression model was performed to assess the association of the predisposing, enabling, and need factors with OHSU.  

7th Public Health Conference

Factors Affecting Oral Health Service Utilization of Differently-Abled School Children in Kathmandu, Nepal

Public Health Conference (PHC) is one of a kind platform for global stakeholders from academic, professional and governmental realms to gather, network and discuss healthcare, public health and medical science.

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There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged global public health exponentially. Besides the possible physical health threats of the virus itself, another great concern for public health is the “second wave” mental health pandemic triggered by innumerable factors stemming from COVID-19. Immediately recognizing the importance of mitigating the adverse mental health consequences with empirically backed research, a group of professionals from education, psychiatry, and psychology collaborated to write the book The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Managing Mental Health Challenges. In this keynote talk, Dr. Amoneeta, both the book’s editor and contributing author, overviews some of the important themes from this book: using adaptive coping; productivity, addiction, and well-being; psychiatric treatment; mental health counseling; effectively teaching and supporting students from K-12 through higher education; and how lay people can contribute.

Mitigating the COVID-19 Triggered Mental Health Pandemic: A Major Public Health Concern

The presentation discusses about the level of knowledge and the attitude that selected allied health students from the province of Pampanga, Philippines and City of Manila, Philippines have towards certain health care programs that are implemented by the Philippine government. It also discusses whether certain demographic factors, such as gender and locality, are capable of affecting the knowledge and attitude level of allied health students towards these health care programs.

Knowledge and Attitude of Selected Allied Health Program Students from Pampanga and City of Manila on Public Health Care Programs and Services of the National Government

It is already well established that pandemics in general and the COVID-19 onein particular can have adverse consequences on some people’s mental well-being. While not everyone will suffer and some may even benefit from the pandemic conditions, having emotional support can reduce the likelihood of poor outcomes and promote psychological wellbeing. Professional mental health networks are understaffed to give adequate support to the number of distressed individuals at this time. Furthermore, there are barriers for many to access professional help. There is empirical support that caring and empathic paraprofessional laypeople can quickly learn Psychological First Aid to reduce the distress load of the general population during pandemics. There are already platforms such as 7-Cups that provide evidence based training for volunteer listeners. The first author of this presentation participated in onesuch program in order to gain competencies as a paraprofessional listener and began providing voluntary support during the current pandemic. She shares her experiences of the process of gaining the training and providing services and comments on some of the pros and cons. The second author comments on this type of service from a professional counseling psychologist’s perspective and addresses some of the barriers to access professional help. Promoting such listening programs to the public could have positive societal implications and should be implemented widely with some precautions to ensure professional, competent and ethical services.

Maximizing the Potential of Paraprofessional Listeners to Promote Psychological Wellbeing during COVID-19

COVID Pandemic affected treatment of cancer patients. They couldn't reach the healthcare set up, were scared to get admitted for treatment as well as palliative care. Many of the cancer centres were turned into COVID Care Centers. Unavailability of doctors & Paramedics was also one of the factor for not getting treatment. My lecture will be highlighting the Indian scenario, challenges faced by Cancer patients. I will be talking about various training programs of National Association of Palliative Care AYUSH & Integrative Medicine.

Equality in Public Health: COVID-19, Cancer and Palliative Care Patients - Indian Perspective

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s) comprise overall cardiometabolic disorders such as hypertension, coronary heart diseases (CHDs) and stroke disorders. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases varies from age to age and from ethnic backgrounds. The role of epigenetics and environmental factors is evident from research studies. The food we eat and the environment we live in affects the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are more common in obese population which have body mass index (BMI) of more than 30. Generally, Post-menopausal women are more prone to be affected from CVDs most probably because of the oestrogen deficiency a hormone that is responsible for normal sexual function in female population. It has linked to several other reproductive diseases in women. It has been hypothesized that deficiency of this hormone in age of 40 in women is linked to cardiovascular diseases. This yet need further evidence from country specific populations because there is lots of genetic and environmental variations from region to region and country to country. Moreover, it is a good idea to determine the risk factors that predispose women to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Global burden of diseases(GBD) documented the data mostly from European countries which may not be applied to the people living in Asian countries and moreover in rural areas mainly because of the diversity in genetic and epigenetic phenomenon. The incidence of is the leading mortality and morbidity cause among the women of developed countries and a major disability inducing risk factor too. Among women above the age of 70, 54% of all and 39% of disability associated deaths, are because of CVD. Corresponding percentages are 31% and 18% for women aged 50–69. However, we still lack in information about CVD in women. This is mainly because the disease is very rare in younger (less than 50 years) women. The incidence of CVD and risk factors like hypertension (HTN), Hypercholesterolemia rapidly increase the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes. The loss of oestrogen, ovarian function and altered progesterone secretion serve to be the main cause of increased risk of CVD among menopausal women The considerable metabolic changes that occur during menopause are because of oestrogen deficiency and deleterious mutations in nutritional and lifestyle factors which accumulate during this specific time period. 

Incidence and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Post Menopausal Women of Trible Districts

In 2016 an estimated 43% of children under five years from low- and middle-income countries were at risk of not achieving optimum developmental potential. Healthcare cost associated with children who are at risk of delayed development has been found to be higher than those who are not at risk. However, much of the evidence is from a developed nation's context. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the developmental status and its associated factors among children under five years living in slum-like conditions in Nepal.

Developmental Delay and Its Associated Factors Among Children Under Five Years in Urban Slums of Nepal

We will all die one day - this is a fact. We don't know when - and this is uncertainty we wish to ignore. Conversations about end of life are something everyone ignores, and this is a fact too. 
                  
Heart failure captures the complexity and delicacy of end-of-life discussions. It’s a progressive, incurable, and unpredictable condition that can, but doesn’t have to be, immediately fatal.

More than half of heart failure who die within three days were originally predicted to survive another six months. But, out of every ten patients, two would survive for more than ten years after being diagnosed. And most patients 'do not perceive that they had a discussion' about end of life.

Reasons are varied - cognitively, patients fear they won't understand what their doctor said, and emotionally they do not want to sadden their families. Doctors avoid it too, feeling they disappoint their patients. In this talk. Prof. Miron-Shatz will show that talking about death doesn't kill anyone and in fact carries benefits. She proposes a unique method 'TAD' Talk About Death - that routinizes such conversations, while allowing us to celebrate life.

Talking about Death, Celebrating Life

Although great advances have been made in healthcare, the United States ranks #1 among developed countries with advanced economies for maternal and infant mortality. The current rate of maternal and infant deaths has consistently risen over the last 20 years in the United States. This rise is primarily among black women and black infants.  The infant mortality for black babies in the United States is roughly 4 times that of the European Union. 

Research has shown that the key the reasons for these outcomes are rooted in structural racism which has led to implicit and interpersonal racism and while there has been a great deal of research and training on the topic of bias the disparities in maternal and infant outcomes persist. 

In my proposed presentation, I will discuss the intersection of racialized practices including those found to be social determinants of health for pregnant women and infants. I will address strategies to address structural barriers in the context of ethical leadership and the role it could play in closing the outcome disparity gap.

An Examination of the Role Ethical Leadership and the Attainment of Maternal and Child Health Equity

Health Literacy (HL) conditions the way in which the individual is able to make the right decisions about health, affecting the quality of life, which may have implications for the expenses of Health Systems. So monitor HL it is a relevant tool in Health Promotion. This study aims to analyse the relationship between HL and the sociodemographic characteristics of students. This is a descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 351 university students. In collecting data we used a questionnaire filled out by students online. Data were processed using SPSS software (version 22.0). The majority of students were female (69.5%), belonged to the age group of 18 to 23 years (72.4%), attended a degree (65.1%) and reported a monthly income per capita between 1000 and 1999 euros (37.3%). The HL categories differed significantly between genders (c2: p < 0,041) and among students with different per capita income (c2: p < 0,049). The HL of students in this sample is predominantly limited and is related to gender and per capita income. In view of an identified low level of HL, there is a need for investment in health education in this population group.

Health Literacy Among University Students: Relationship with Sociodemographic Characteristics

This research is about the prevalence on cancers and other non-communicable diseases among police personnel. High levels of stress and their erratic lifestyle and diet patterns pre-disposes them to many NCDs. In this study we investigate the prevalence of risk factors and disease outcome among a large cohort of Mumbai Police.

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