Serbia

Despite substantial scientific progress over the past two decades, malaria continues to be a worldwide burden. Ever growing resistance towards the currently available antimalarial drugs is a challenge to combat malaria. Medicinal plants are a promising source of new drugs to tackle this problem. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the antiplasmodial activity of Terminalia brownii in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of 80% methanol and aqueous bark extracts of T. brownii against P. berghei in Swiss albino mice. The in vivo acute toxicity test indicated that both extracts did not cause mortality. The 4-day test revealed that the 80% methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited significant inhibition of parasitemia compared to negative control. The maximum level of chemo suppression (60.2%) was exhibited at 400 mg/kg dose of 80% methanol extract. Moreover, the 80% methanol extract showed a significant attenuation of anemia associated with infection in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract, on the other hand, exhibited a percent inhibition of 51.1% at the highest dose (400 mg/kg/day). The present study indicated that hydromethanolic and aqueous bark extracts of T. brownii possess a promising antimalarial activity.

7th Public Health Conference

In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of 80% Methanol and Aqueous Bark Extracts of Terminalia brownii Fresen. (Combretaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

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technical paper

Public Health Conference (PHC) is one of a kind platform for global stakeholders from academic, professional and governmental realms to gather, network and discuss healthcare, public health and medical science.

Nurses are expected to provide healthcare services in the settings of out-of-hospital facilities, such as evacuation shelters, especially in countries like Japan which are particularly vulnerable to intensifying natural disasters. Thus, it is important for nursing students to learn to conduct management of environmental health and physical health outside the hospital settings. Across subjects, students repeatedly studied basic knowledge about the environment and the body related to healthcare in their second and third years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and challenges of repeatedly learning basic healthcare standards across lessons.

Effects and Characteristics of Iterative Learning of Environmental and Physical Assessment Criteria in Nursing College Students' Classes

During adolescence, the proportion of students with orthostatic dysregulation tends to increase. Indefinite complaints arise due to changes in hormonal balance, which makes the child's life uncomfortable. Students need support to improve their health, to lead a fulfilling life. Although previous studies have separately investigated eating and sleeping habits, none have examined the two aspects comprehensively. It is necessary to clarify how students’ dizziness and light-headedness are intricately intertwined with their lifestyles, and to study basic data to support them. Therefore, this study aims to understand the characteristics of students with dizziness and light-headedness, and considers relevant support methods.

In July 2018, an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was given to junior high school students in Prefecture A, Japan (n = 236). A comparison was made between the students’ diet, sleep, and exercise habits, and the participants were divided into two groups: one with students who had dizziness or lightheadedness, and another, those without dizziness. We used the χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. The study was approved by the University Ethics Review Board (E-1118).

Relationship Between Dizziness, Lifestyle, and Recognition in Japanese Junior High School Students

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often support the local economy and employment in underpopulated mountainous areas. Managers of such enterprises tend to feel mentally taxed that cause mental health problems due to the vulnerability of their financial base. Since they often struggle with the challenges of maintaining an enterprise, they are unable to look after their own health. Thus, it is important for the local government to support the health promotion of managers in SMEs. However, effective methods for the local government to support the mental health of SME managers remains unclear. This study clarified managers’ awareness about their own mental health and proposed methods for local governments to support the mental health of SME managers in underpopulated mountainous areas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six SME managers in an underpopulated mountainous area. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling, and they were asked about their mental health awareness. A qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted. One category emerged as negative awareness of managers’ mental health and four categories emerged as positive awareness of managers’ mental health. Based on these results, methods for local governments to support the mental health of SME managers in underpopulated mountainous areas was proposed.

Measures Taken by the Local Government to Support the Mental Health of Managers in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Underpopulated Mountainous Areas

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global One Health threat that jeopardizes healthcare globally, with projections of more than 10 million lives prematurely lost per year becoming the leading cause of death by 2050. Several factors underlay this dire predicament, including a poorly educated populace and patients regarding best practices for antibiotic stewardship. Specifically, children and parents have inadequate antibiotic knowledge for basic usage. Currently, "parents wanted reassurance and advice regarding children's illnesses," which requires accessible education, such as simple information leaflets. Specifically, antibiotic stewardship regarding antibiotic disposal and the environmental effect of AMR is highly neglected worldwide but critical to address to prevent harm to human and animal health. Currently, past antibiotic stewardship regarding antibiotic disposal has been largely ineffective with a typically top-to-bottom approach, which requires a bottom-to-top approach to increase public awareness and support.

A Case for Early Education Toward Sustainable Antibiotic Stewardship

The present research was designed to evaluate the combined effects of iron fortificants and prebiotics on serum folate levels among iron deficient women of reproductive age.
To serve this purpose, a double blind randomized control study was designed involving n = 75 iron deficient women of reproductive age group. These women were divided into 5 groups, each having 15 subjects. One group was control while other four were treatment groups. They were given varying combinations of iron fortificants and prebiotics on daily basis for 90 days. Iron fortificants included ferrous sulphate and sodium iron EDTA while prebiotics consisted of Inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides. Overnight fasting blood samples were taken from women at baseline, 30th, 60th and 90th days, respectively. Mean square values for serum folate levels showed that there were significant variations for the effect of groups, study intervals as well as the interaction between groups and study intervals (P-value Our current study concluded that iron fortificants and prebiotics when combined, could significantly improve serum folate levels among women of reproductive age. This particular potential of prebiotics could further be exploited to address the global health issue of iron deficiency anemia, effectively.

Iron Fortificants & Pre-Biotics significantly improve Serum Folate Levels in Iron Deficient Women of Reproductive Age

The contents of the issues involved in children's health are becoming more complex. In many countries, school nurses in charge of multiple schools carry out health maintenance and management of children. In Japan, in a unique system,full-time teachers are assigned to each school. In addition to the diversity of duties, there are issues related to the system.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the job contents and issues in school health by reviewing the literature.

Examination of Job Content and Issues in School Health and Management - Multilateral Comparison by Literature Review

Despite an inadequate filling of prescriptions among diabetic patients has been a major public health problem, little is known about the interventions effect on it. 

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was to investigate the effectiveness of the various public health interventions on primary and secondary medication adherence among T2DM patients. 
Methods: Searching was done from the major databases; Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, EBSCOhost, and SCOPUS. Hand search was made to find grey literature. Articles focused on interventions to enhance primary and secondary medication among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included. After screening and checking eligibility, the methodological quality was assessed. Secondary medication adherence was synthesized descriptively due to measurement and definitions variations across the studies. Finally, meta-analysis was made using fixed effects model for primary medication adherence.

Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions on Improving Prescription Redemptions and Medication Adherence Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

This study analyzed weather conditions due to which students are likely to get sick or suffer injuries by examining the correlation between student visits to the treatment room and weather data. The aim is to ensure that students can lead a comfortable school life. Thus, it is necessary to consider the measures that teachers need to take.
We examined the correlation between the number of medical and surgical complaints by symptom in the treatment room visit record of a junior high and high school in 2019 and weather data. For the meteorological data, the data published by the Japan Meteorological Agency was used. Correlation analysis and an uncorrelated test were conducted (p The main complaints correlated with temperature were headache, abdominal pain, dizziness, constipation (p It was found that on hot days, illness and injury are likely to occur. Especially in the summer, teachers need to prepare the environment of the classrooms and gymnasiums, and have student drinking water and stretch when exercising.

Correlation Between Student Complaints and Meteorological Data

Medical laboratory test results serve as an instrument for the diagnosis and decision-making of clinical doctors about their patients. According to studies, an estimated 60-70% of clinical decisions regarding a patient's diagnosis, prescription, hospital admission and discharge are based on laboratory test results (Abdollahi & Saffar, 2014). Hence, mistakes made in every step of the total testing process (TTP) can potentially harm and affect the patients’ safety. This then gives importance to the identification and establishment of valuable quality indicators (QIs) which measure the processes, performance, and results in a healthcare setting reflecting the healthcare quality of a facility, and are used mainly to compare, measure, monitor, and improve their healthcare services or outcomes for the patients (Quentin et al., 2019). These indicators are crucial in ensuring that every step in the TTP is correctly performed and the best possible health outcomes are delivered. However, current QIs in the medical laboratory tend to focus on the efficiency of analytical processes, despite recent evidence suggesting that most errors occur outside the analytical phase (Plebani, 2012).

Pre-Analytical Laboratory Performance Evaluation Utilizing Quality Indicators Between Private and Government-Owned Hospitals Affiliated to University of Santo Tomas

Elementary school students regularly take physical measurements to check their health and growth and development. However, healthy schoolchildren usually do not undergo blood tests, so the influence of the body on healthy dietary habits is not known. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between body image or food consciousness and serum lipids in Japanese boys aged 9–10 years. This can be important data when considering dietary education’s significance. 
We obtained data on body image, food consciousness, and serum lipids of 242 fourth-grade (9–10 years) boys in Japan’s A city from 2014 to 2016. We divided them into two groups based on their body image or food consciousness, and compared the serum lipid level and BMI of the groups using an unpaired t-test.

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Effects and Characteristics of Iterative Learning of Environmental and Physical Assessment Criteria in Nursing College Students' Classes

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