Austria

Daniel A. Marinho, Tiago M. Barbosa, Per L. Kjendlie, Narendra Mantripragada, João P. Vilas-Boas, Leandro Machado, Francisco B. Alves, Abel I. Rouboa and António J. Silva (January 1st 2010). Modelling Hydrodynamic Drag in Swimming using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Hyoung Woo Oh, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/7112.

Ahlem Arfaoui and Guillaume Polidori (October 22nd 2015). Computational Fluid Dynamics Method for the Analysis of the Hydrodynamic Performance in Swimming, Mass Transfer - Advancement in Process Modelling, Marek Solecki, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/61176.

Christopher Johnson (November 5th 2018). How Technology is Bridging the Gap between Sport, Health, and Medicine, The Use of Technology in Sport - Emerging Challenges, Daniel Almeida Marinho and Henrique Pereira Neiva, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79416.

Swimming is one of the most popular sports in the world and research is growing. The swimming environment is harsh and challenging to sustain, providing technological limitations for research and the daily monitoring of training performance. However, new technologies become more and more advanced and available for providing applied research in the aquatic environment. Technological possibilities are also increasing with the claims of helping swimmers and coaches in their daily work with the promise of improving performance and preventing injuries. 
This presentation will center around five new technological possibilities for swimming research and the daily monitoring of training. 1) race analysis with automatic movement recognition for identifying and improving performance determining factors, 2) a portable winch system for generating load-velocity profiles, anaerobic and strength testing, and passive drag, 3) optical heart rate for monitoring training intensity, 4) inertial measurement units for daily monitoring stroke kinematics, and 5) electromyographic enhancements for identifying muscular activation patterns, fatigue and correspondence to technique/drill exercises.

icSPORTS 2019

New Technical Possibility for Swimming Research and Monitoring Training

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Most human activities, including sports, are becoming more and more technological. Engineering in general and Information Technology in particular are important in the support for many activities directly or indirectly related to sport sciences, including improvement of physical activities, sports medicine, biotechnology and nutrition, sports management, and all other application areas in sports. This conference intends to be a meeting point for both academics, sport professionals and practitioners to exchange ideas and develop synergies.

CONFERENCE AREAS
1 . Computer Systems in Sports
2 . Health and Support Technology
3 . Signal Processing in Human Movement
4 . Sport Performance and Support Technology


Most human activities, including sports, are becoming more and more technological. Engineering in general and Information Technology in particular are important in the support for many activities directly or indirectly related to sport sciences, including improvement of physical activities, sports medicine, biotechnology and nutrition, sports management, and all other application areas in sports. This conference intends to be a meeting point for both academics, sport professionals and practitioners to exchange ideas and develop synergies.

This presentation will highlight our work on using innovative combinations of modern imaging techniques that include X-Ray video, MRI and ultrasound for studying in vivo muscle-tendon and joint function. We have developed techniques that allow the development of accurate and individualised biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system to study joint and muscle forces and the loading of different tissues during various movements, pathological conditions and sports activities. Our work was the first to combine isokinetic dynamometry with X-Ray video to examine knee joint and muscle in-vivo function in both static and dynamic conditions. This has led to significant advancements in muscle-tendon mechanics knowledge and applications in different areas.  These range from strength assessment using isometric or isokinetic dynamometry to walking or running in children, adults and patients with osteoarthritis using musculoskeletal modelling.  Our results indicate that patellar tendon moment arm length variance, for example, cannot be explained by joint size differences and hence, so imaging-based methodologies are necessary. Furthermore, dynamic moment arms increased significantly with increased muscle contraction intensity leading to different estimates of tendon forces with important implications for musculoskeletal modelling applications. We have also examined various groups of adults and children during different gait speeds on instrumented treadmills. The results show that the gear ratio is affected mainly by the change in external moment arm given its large variation and the relatively constant muscle moment arm. Since the muscle efficiency is optimised when the muscle is working close to isometric conditions without a great change in fascicle length and the gear ratio influences muscle-tendon and fascicle length changes, the differences in gear ratio may affect fascicle length and velocity changes and hence muscle efficiency.

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