United States

Airborne droplets emitted from the mouth during coughing, sneezing and breathing provide the main pathway for transmission of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. We show how classical mechanics (Newton’s Laws) and fluid mechanics concepts (drag force, buoyancy, Reynolds number) can be applied in some simple models to help students understand the motion of aerosols emitted during respiratory events. The results illuminate why aerosols can remain in the air for long times and travel for surprisingly long distances. For those interested in further exploring the physics of respiratory aerosols, we provide links to some recent journal articles and to a computational model by Bazant et al. of risks of respiratory infection in indoor areas with variable ventilation, number of occupants and human behaviors (breathing rates, mask wearing compliance etc.)

AAPT SM 21

Using Introductory Physics to Model Motion of Respiratory Aerosol Droplets

aerosols

fluids

covid

**Making Physics More Inclusive and Eliminating Exclusionary Practices in Physics**

As a gateway discipline to STEM majors and careers, physics plays a central role in deciding who does, and who doesn't, get to discover and pursue scientific careers. Technical and scientific professionals are rewarded with economic privilege and status which affords them both social and cultural power. Therefore, social justice will be realized only when the opportunity, and the choice, to excel in physics is open to all students. The culture and practices of the physics classroom reflect the culture of physics at large, which raises the question of how our professional physics communities can embrace, rather than inadvertently repel, a diverse group of academics that can help improve physics culture.  To this end, the 2021 Physics Education Research Conference will focus on defining inclusive spaces and practices. Additionally, we will explore strategies for eliminating exclusionary practices in our classrooms, research spaces, and professional organizations. We call on the community to propose sessions that will drive conversations related to these initiatives throughout PERC 2021.

Please download the full program [here. ](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TRMC_SYJ3PUqXyP7sskA7LRSA8ow0eRE/view?usp=sharing)

PERC SM 21

August 4, 2021 - August 5, 2021 in a Virtual Conference Format

Making Physics More Inclusive and Eliminating Exclusionary Practices in Physics

technical paper

Join AAPT and Physics Educators worldwide in developing and strengthening your professional connections by attending the 2021 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting. AAPT meetings are a great way to reflect on your teaching, recommit to best practices and re-energize your career with new research, products, and techniques.

Listen to internationally known plenary speakers, attend sessions, workshops, and special activities. Attending the virtual summer meeting is an excellent opportunity to share your expertise and learn from and network with leaders in the field.

Please log in with your AAPT account or register for the event if you haven't already.

If you are registered please note that you need to be logged in with your AAPT email / credentials in order to get access.

In March 2020, all teachers were asked to shift to a virtual world of instruction. While there were resources available, it was overwhelming to decide what to do, who to listen to, and try to figure out how students would respond. The 2020-2021 school year was no less challenging with various combinations of remote, hybrid, and in-person instruction. Deciding how to mix online activities instruction with face to face instruction that still had to be socially distanced became an opportunity for two teachers at different schools in one Ohio district to collaborate closer than they had before. Doug Forrest and Kevin McChesney will take you through their journey while providing details of the unique challenges and opportunities available in their school district. With collaboration, perseverance, and grace we feel we provided a year to students that was meaningful and will have long-lasting impacts on our instruction.

Fifteen months of making physics relevant during a pandemic

Our introductory astronomy courses have made use of our planetarium for the "standard" lessons, such as teaching students about celestial coordinates, the ecliptic, etc. We have several advanced courses in our minor in astronomy, including a sophomore-level course on the solar system and exoplanets, and introductory astrophysics, and junior courses on observational astronomy, stellar astrophysics, and galactic astronomy. We recently began thinking about using the planetarium to help with instruction at these higher levels.

In the fall of 2019, we started teaching lessons for our solar system course in the planetarium, which would have been modified and expanded upon in 2020, but for the COVID-19 shutdown. We will present our initial work from 2019 and plans for improvements and additions for fall 2021, and preliminary ideas for our stellar astrophysics course planned for spring 2022. We hope to spark a further discussion on the use of planetaria for higher-level courses.


Planetaria beyond the Introductory Level

What are your #LeadershipGoals? All educators are leaders: in their classroom, department, institution, and personal life. During this talk, participants will reflect on how they envision themselves as a leader, engage with a self evaluation tool, and consider the steps in developing an action plan for making change in their leadership life. In anticipation of the soon-to-be-published guide Honoring Teachers as Professionals: Stories and Pathways for Growth in Your Classroom and Career through AIP Publishing, the authors will share how university/K-12 partnerships led to increases in their own leadership capacity, professional networks, and improved professional development opportunities through self-reflective classroom research. We will discuss research and experiences around these partnerships, leadership in education, goal setting, and how participants can work towards the same.

#Leadershipgoals

Modern technology is based on well-developed fabrication techniques. Among these techniques, photolithography is one of the most used in industry and research. Unfortunately, the experiences that undergraduate students can have using these fabrication techniques is still limited. In this sense, I have developed an intensive course that allows students to get experience on the equipment, parameters, and skills that are required to successfully create patterned structures based on photolithography by using easily accessible equipment. Over one semester, the students have gotten structures that can reach dimensions in the order of tens of microns. This intensive opens the opportunity in undergraduate institutions to provide required skills to students that will be part of the upcoming workforce.

Introduction to microfabrication techniques. An intensive course

Our higher education system is in danger. At many of our universities, top-down decision-making, austerity thinking and repeated budget cuts have led to declines in educational quality, research, and faculty well-being. The pandemic has increased workloads and deepened existing inequities, bringing the need for changes in institutional priorities into sharp focus. How can faculty build collective power to counter harmful policies and practices and seek effective shared governance on campus? This talk will explain how AAUP advocacy chapters can promote our educational mission and support faculty by sharing information, using media pressure and existing governance structures as tools for change, and building power through solidarity. The talk will also address differences between advocacy chapters and unions. While advocacy chapters can be powerful forces for positive change, collective bargaining units can negotiate binding agreements that have more power to improve faculty lives.

Supporting Faculty During the Pandemic and Beyond

AAUP has represented the voice of faculty and defended the flagship standards for shared governance and academic freedom for over 100 years in American higher education. At the campus level, AAUP Chapters form the backbone of the Association, giving faculty a vehicle to advocate for themselves and make lasting changes to the status-quo. This session explores the benefits of AAUP membership and details how an AAUP chapter can transform your campus. It will also introduce the uninitiated to AAUP’s history and mission.

Forming an AAUP Chapter at Your Institution

Addressing sexual harassment requires an understanding of what it is as well as the impact it can have upon persons who experience it, the ability to discuss it in our workplaces, and workplace structures and policies for addressing it. Women who enter the field of physics have frequently reported experiencing sexual harassment and have discussed how it impacts them in terms of persistence in the field. In order to create physics environments in which women feel valued and respected, it is necessary to educate both ourselves and those in our workspaces and to have difficult conversations about sexual harassment. Education on sexual microaggressions is a helpful starting place for understanding sexual harassment and opening conversations.

How to talk about Sexual Harassment

We have designed an instructional model involving two sessions. The first session involves conceptual model building and the second session involves consolidation and transfer of learning in novel contexts. We have been implementing this model over the last several semesters. However, in the most recent semesters, we implemented this model in a remote instructional approach making adjustments in the instruction. In this presentation, we report the impacts of the modality change in various aspects of student learning of knowledge and skill. We have explored the factors affecting the students’ engagement level in remote instruction and subsequently to the student performance. We will describe impacts on students’ problem-solving approach and competency. Additionally, the results from the in-class clicker quiz and conceptual exam questions have also provided some useful information. Using the CLASS survey result, we will present the impacts on student attitude about learning physics.

Impact of Remote Instruction Modality on a Two-staged Instructional Approach

Both Active Learning and Three-Dimensional Learning (3DL) represent major shifts in how introductory STEM courses are taught. These take two separate approaches, with Active Learning focusing on how students learn and 3DL on what students learn. By pairing Active Learning with 3DL, student-centered learning environments can be more meaningful and promote deeper learning by engaging students with the scientific ideas and skills centrally important to our disciplines. In this talk, I will present 2 years of data from including exam assessment items and in-class video recordings from physics, chemistry, and biology courses. Using of the 3D-LAP and 3D-LOP, we have characterized the learning environment for both the potential to engage students in 3DL and the incorporation of active learning strategies. We will discuss how our findings indicate that placing an explicit focus on engaging students in Scientific Practices is necessary for using 3DL to create more meaningfully active learning environments.

Meaningful Active Learning Environments and the Need for Scientific Practices

As an introduction to atomic physics in an algebra-based introductory physics for the life sciences course, students learn how to calculate the energy levels of organic molecules. They use this knowledge to determine the conjugation lengths of the molecules. The students at our university have taken 4 semesters of chemistry before taking physics, so they have a good understanding of organic chemistry. With this method, students are able to find the wavelengths of photons that are absorbed and emitted by these molecules. Students then create mixtures in lab with these organic molecules to see their absorption peaks at specific wavelengths. Once we move into fluorescence, students are able to use their knowledge of energy levels to discover that chlorophyll fluoresces in the red. Only when they get to lab are they able to see this phenomenon in real life and truly appreciate the ideas behind atomic physics.

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Using Introductory Physics to Model Motion of Respiratory Aerosol Droplets

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