France



INTRODUCTION&lt;br/&gt;Phosphate fluoride-based cathode material is attracting great interest in secondary batteries due to its superior properties compared to phosphate-based cathode [1, 2]. The theoretical discharge capacity and redox voltage of LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F are 152 mAh/g and 2.75 V. In the case of LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F, unlike other intercalation cathode materials, stars in a state of charge and then discharge to form Li&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;FePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F. In this paper, we synthesized the tavorite-structured LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F by two-step solid state reaction method with different molar ratios of LiF. We report on the structural and magnetic properties of LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F, especially as studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES&lt;br/&gt;The tavorite LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F cathode was synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method. First, the FePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; was obtained using stoichiometric mixture of Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; as starting materials. The mixture was calcined at 300 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 7 h in air and sintered at 870 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 8 h in air. After that, the obtained FePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and LiF were mixed at different mole ratios of 1:1, 1:1.05, and 1:1.1, respectively. The mixture pressed into pellets and sintered at 625 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 1.5 h.&lt;br/&gt;The crystal structure of sample was determined with X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) using Rigaku Ultima IV using Cu/K&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; radiation. The magnetic properties of sample was measured by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at various temperature. Mössbauer spectra were recorded from 4.2 and 295 K using a in transmission geometry employing a &lt;sup&gt;57&lt;/sup&gt;Co source and fitted by a least square fit programmed assuming Lorentzian line shapes.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION&lt;br/&gt;The XRD patterns of FePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, which was pre-synthesized to make LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F, were confirmed the formation of hexagonal structure with P3&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;21. The XRD patterns of LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F synthesized from above FePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and excess LiF were measured. Secondary phases from XRD patterns were found in the sample synthesized with LiF mole ratios of 1 and 1.1. The crystal structure of the refined LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F (LiF-excess 5 %) was determined to be triclinic with &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; space group and the lattice constants were &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; = 5.2973 Å, &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = 7.2539 Å, &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt; = 5.1506 Å, &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; = 107.92 °, &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 98.52 °, and &lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt; = 107.36 ° (Fig. 1). The temperature dependent zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetization susceptibility χ(&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;) curves were measured at 100 Oe in the temperature range from 4.2 to 295 K. From ZFC-FC curve, the magnetic property of LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F showed antiferromagnetic behavior below the Néel temperature. The Mössbauer spectra of the LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F were obtained at various temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 295 K. The Mössbauer spectrum at 295 K was analyzed symmetric doublet with the electric quadrupole splitting of 1.10 mm/s and the isomer shift of 0.31 mm/s and, which is Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; state (Fig. 2). Since LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F has two crystallographically unique Fe sites, Mössbauer for each temperature was measured to investigate detailed magnetic properties. The spectrum at 4.2 K were confirmed had two set of eight asymmetric line indicating that they have both magnetic dipole interaction and electric quadrupole interaction. The value of isomer shift at all temperature was analyzed as Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; ions.

**References:**

[1] Y. Zhang, Q. Liang, C. Huang, et al., J. Solid State Electr., Vol. 22, p.1995 (2018).&lt;br/&gt;[2] N. Goubard-Bretesché, E. Kemnitz, and Nicola Pinna, Chem. Eur. J., Vol. 25, p.6189 (2019).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/e039bb5160e298b54b22d9ae7af11ced.jpg)
Fig. 1. Refined XRD patterns of tavorite LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/16da341514aafef163ff9faa21efe26d.jpg)
Fig. 2. Mössbauer spectrum of tavorite LiFePO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;F at 295 K.

INTERMAG 2021

 Synthesis, structural, and Mössbauer studies of tavorite LiFePO4F cathode material

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AAMAS 2022

AAMAS (International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems) is the largest and most influential conference in the area of agents and multiagent systems. The aim of the conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners in all areas of agent technology and to provide a single, high-profile, internationally renowned forum for research in the theory and practice of autonomous agents and multiagent systems. AAMAS is the flagship conference of the non-profit International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (IFAAMAS).

INTRODUCTION Phosphate fluoride-based cathode material is attracting great interest in secondary batteries due to its superior properties compared to phosphate-based cathode [1, 2]. The theoretical discharge capacity and redox voltage of LiFePO4F are 152 mAh/g and 2.75 V. In the case of LiFePO4F, unlike other intercalation cathode materials, stars in a state of charge and then discharge to form Li2FePO4F. In this paper, we synthesized the tavorite-structured LiFePO4F by two-step solid state reaction method with different molar ratios of LiF. We report on the structural and magnetic properties of LiFePO4F, especially as studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES The tavorite LiFePO4F cathode was synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method. First, the FePO4 was obtained using stoichiometric mixture of Fe2O3 and (NH4)2HPO4 as starting materials. The mixture was calcined at 300 oC for 7 h in air and sintered at 870 oC for 8 h in air. After that, the obtained FePO4 and LiF were mixed at different mole ratios of 1:1, 1:1.05, and 1:1.1, respectively. The mixture pressed into pellets and sintered at 625 oC for 1.5 h. The crystal structure of sample was determined with X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) using Rigaku Ultima IV using Cu/Kα radiation. The magnetic properties of sample was measured by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at various temperature. Mössbauer spectra were recorded from 4.2 and 295 K using a in transmission geometry employing a 57Co source and fitted by a least square fit programmed assuming Lorentzian line shapes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The XRD patterns of FePO4, which was pre-synthesized to make LiFePO4F, were confirmed the formation of hexagonal structure with P3121. The XRD patterns of LiFePO4F synthesized from above FePO4 and excess LiF were measured. Secondary phases from XRD patterns were found in the sample synthesized with LiF mole ratios of 1 and 1.1. The crystal structure of the refined LiFePO4F (LiF-excess 5 %) was determined to be triclinic with P space group and the lattice constants were a = 5.2973 Å, b = 7.2539 Å, c = 5.1506 Å, α = 107.92 °, β = 98.52 °, and γ = 107.36 ° (Fig. 1). The temperature dependent zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetization susceptibility χ(T) curves were measured at 100 Oe in the temperature range from 4.2 to 295 K. From ZFC-FC curve, the magnetic property of LiFePO4F showed antiferromagnetic behavior below the Néel temperature. The Mössbauer spectra of the LiFePO4F were obtained at various temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 295 K. The Mössbauer spectrum at 295 K was analyzed symmetric doublet with the electric quadrupole splitting of 1.10 mm/s and the isomer shift of 0.31 mm/s and, which is Fe3+ state (Fig. 2). Since LiFePO4F has two crystallographically unique Fe sites, Mössbauer for each temperature was measured to investigate detailed magnetic properties. The spectrum at 4.2 K were confirmed had two set of eight asymmetric line indicating that they have both magnetic dipole interaction and electric quadrupole interaction. The value of isomer shift at all temperature was analyzed as Fe3+ ions.

**References:**

[1] Y. Zhang, Q. Liang, C. Huang, et al., J. Solid State Electr., Vol. 22, p.1995 (2018). [2] N. Goubard-Bretesché, E. Kemnitz, and Nicola Pinna, Chem. Eur. J., Vol. 25, p.6189 (2019).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/e039bb5160e298b54b22d9ae7af11ced.jpg)
Fig. 1. Refined XRD patterns of tavorite LiFePO4F.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/16da341514aafef163ff9faa21efe26d.jpg)
Fig. 2. Mössbauer spectrum of tavorite LiFePO4F at 295 K.

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Introduction Multiferroic materials have been attracting much attention because they have multiple ordered (ferroelastic, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic) states. In particular, magnetic and ferroelectric material has a property that magnetization M (electric polarization P) can be controlled by electric E (magnetic H) field. Such property is called “magnetoelectric (ME) effect”. In magnetic and ferroelectric material, there is also a possibility of observing an optical response that the rate of absorption is different between the cases that light enters from one direction and the opposite direction. Such a large nonreciprocal response in the visible light region was discovered in CuB2O4 [1]. The observed nonreciprocal response in light is thought to be originated from dynamical AC ME response. The present compounds, CaBaM4O7 (M=Co, Fe), have been attracting interest for their nontrivial magnetism because of the geometrically frustrated crystal structure consisting of triangular and Kagome layers. From the viewpoints of the studies of multiferroics, we have expected that the magnetic ordering couples with the spontaneous electric polarization P due to the crystal structure with a polar point-group of mm2. Indeed, we have observed the change of Pc induced by the weak ferromagnetic ordering in CaBaCo4O7 [2]. Then the magnetic-field Hab-induced giant variation in Pc was reported and the magnetostriction mechanism was proposed to explain the observed giant ME effect [3]. Also in the case of CaBaFe4O7, the ME coefficient Hαcc defined as △Pc=HαccHc with a maximum value of 39 ps/m was reported for the measurements of Hc-induced change of Pc at 80 K below the ferrimagnetic transition temperature of 275 K [4]. In this work, we have systematically investigated nonreciprocal DC ME response, i.e., crystalline (polar) direction dependence of ME coefficients for CaBaM4O7 (M=Co, Fe) single crystals. Especially, we focused on the electric-field (Ec)-induced magnetization (Mab or Mc) in CaBaM4O7 (M=Co, Fe), which had almost not yet been performed. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows the Schematic crystal structure of CaBaM4O7 (M = Co, Fe). The space group of CaBaCo4O7 at room temperature is orthorhombic Pbn21, which is distorted and lowered symmetry from the higher one of hexagonal P63mc. Its (magnetic) point group is (m’m2’) mm2. Those of CaBaFe4O7 are Pbn21 and mm2, which are the same as CaBaCo4O7 [2,4]. Its magnetic point group is unknown yet. Both materials have quasi-triangular lattices and quasi-Kagome ones stacked along the c-axis direction. There exists multidomain structure within the orthorhombic ab plane in spite of no such one in the c axis. A spontaneous electric polarization along the c axis (Pc) is expected from the polar point group of mm2. Figure 2(i) shows the electric field dependence of the magnetization of CaBaCo4O7 in constant magnetic fields. The magnetic field (Hab) was applied within the magnetic easy ab plane perpendicular to the c axis, and the electric field (Ec) was applied along the c axis which is the direction of spontaneous electric polarization (Pc). The configuration among the external magnetic field, electric field, and crystalline direction (spontaneous electric polarizaion) is presented in the inset of Fig. 2(ii). When the electric field is applied in the parallel direction (p) to the crystalline direction, the magnetization increases as the electric field increases. Such trends can be clearly seen as solid symbols in Fig. 2(i). Conversely, in the antiparallel (a) case, the magnetization decreases with electric field (See open symbols). Figure 2(ii) shows the magnetic field dependence of Eα32 which is a component of linear ME tensor and defined as Mab≡Eα32Ec. Depending on the configurations between the electric field and the crystal direction, Eα32 shows opposite signs. The observed crystalline-direction (polarity) dependence of change in magnetization can be regarded as a DC nonreciprocal response. As is well known for the diode, nonreciprocal response is indispensable in device applications. Therefore, we explore the novel nonreciprocal phenomena as mentioned above in the present polar magnetic compounds, CaBaM4O7 (M = Co, Fe), for the future application such as “thermal diode”.

**References:**

[1] M.Saito et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77, 013705 (2008). [2] H. Iwamoto et al., J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 400, 032031 (2012). [3] V. Caignaert et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 174403 (2013). [4] V. Kocsis et al., Phys. Rev. B 93, 014444 (2016).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/ae2bea3298433e5c1ccf14561452cfc9.jpg)
Schematic crystal structure of CaBaM4O7 (M = Co, Fe) projected onto the bc plane (a). Its quasi-triangular (b) and quasi-Kagome layers (c) are projected onto the ab plane. The rectangular boxes represent the boundaries of unit cell [2].

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/0c8e519eab7cbb2fc00b2b326156b7ec.jpg)
(i) Electric field dependence of magnetization in CaBaCo4O7. Solid symbols correspond to the parallel configuration between the electric field and the crystalline (polar) direction, and open ones to the antiparallel configuration. (ii) Magnetic field dependence of Eα32 (≡Mab/Ec) deduced from the data shown in (i). The inset is a schematic diagram of the configuration among the external magnetic/electric fields and the crystal direction.

 Polarity dependence of change in electric polarization (magnetization) induced by magnetic (electric) fields in CaBaM4O7(M=Co, Fe) single crystals

The aim of this work is to establish the influence of deviation from oxygen stoichiometry on the properties of La-Sr manganites with manganese-substituting combination of divalent and quadrivalent ions having different electron configuration: Zn2+(3d10) and Ti4+(3p6). Polycrystalline manganites of La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.9(Zn2+0.5Ti4+0.5)0.1O3+γ compositions were prepared by ceramic processing. The sintering step was performed in air at 1473 K for 10 h. Obtained samples were then divided into three groups, which were exposed to heat treatments at 1223 K for 96 h at a partial pressure of oxygen in the gas phase of PO2 = 10-1 Pa, 10-8 Pa, and 101.3 kPa. All synthesized manganites were rhombohedral. Oxygen non-stoichiometry index (γ) of the samples of above-mentioned groups was calculated from the data on unit cell volume (V) according to algorithm proposed earlier [1] with the allowance for concentrations of Mn4+ and Mn3+ ions, anion and cation vacancies. As follows from Fig.1, unit cell volume decreases as a function of γ, and specific magnetization (σ) shows a tendency to increase almost within the measurement error. Temperature dependences of dμ(T)/dT, where μ(T) is magnetic permeability as a function of temperature T, are presented on Fig.2. Curie point defined as the temperature corresponding to the maximum of │dμ(T)/dT│, is equal to 219, 226, 229 K for manganites with values of γ = -0.008, 0.000, 0.009, respectively. One can see that temperature interval of “ferromagnetic-paramagnetic” transition is sufficiently wide (from 8 to 15 K), especially in stoichiometric manganite. Broadening of the transition interval can be associated with the formation of clusters, segregations, and magnetic inhomogeneities with various magnetization and transition temperature [2]. Manganite annealed in oxygen has the narrower transition interval than those annealed in vacuum, due to vacancy mechanism of cation diffusion, which smooths out spatial variations of the composition. Scanning electron microscopy studies have revealed the existence of microinhomogeneities having various configurations, including modulated structures. Manganite annealed at PO2 = 10-8 Pa has the highest absolute value of magnetoresistance: │MR│= 60 % in the field of 9.2 kOe at 120 K. Magnetostriction constant (λ) is maximal for a sintered sample having the oxygen non-stoichiometry index of γ = 0.004. At T = 140 K, it reaches gigantic value of λ = 7×10-3 and drops to 10-4 at 293 K. Interpretation of established regularities is discussed in terms of mechanisms of charge compensation with the allowance for formation of singly charged oxygen ions [3,4], diffusion processes, electron configuration and radii of substituents, double-exchange and Coulomb interactions.

**References:**

1. D. Merkulov, A. Badelin and V. Karpasyuk, Acta Physica Polonica A, Vol. 127, p.248 (2015) 2. V. Karpasyuk, A. Badelin, and I. Derzhavin, Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, Vol. 476, p.371 (2019) 3. J. Mizusaki, N. Mori and H. Takai, Solid State Ionics, Vol. 129, p.163 (2000) 4. V. Karpasyuk, A. Badelin and D. Merkulov, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1347, p.012036 (2019)

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/f309c2e6369525ef9191f175045927e6.jpg)
Fig.1. Dependencies of unit cell volume (1) and magnetization (2) on non-stoichiometry index

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/2031f433a7b459ba7ce2ed1f8ab2163f.jpg)
Fig.2. Temperature dependencies of dμ(T)/dT for manganites with γ = -0.008 (1); 0.000 (2); 0.009 (3)

 Structural and electromagnetic characteristics of La-Sr manganite with paired substitution of Zn and Ti for manganese depending on oxygen content

A strong coupling between spin, orbital, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom determines the unique properties of mixed valence manganites [1]. A phase separation phenomenon plays an important role in the physics of these materials [1, 2]. However, mechanisms of spontaneous phase separation are still not fully understood that does not permit to control the process by means of the external factors such as temperature, magnetic field, and pressure. The charge ordering (CO), which is the spatial ordering of the Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions, is closely related to the phase separation and is one of the most interesting phenomena observed in the mixed valence manganites. Herewith, the CO state is observed in the different materials with the R3+1-xA2+xMnO3 general formula [3, 4]. There are studies that indicate the martensitic nature of the charge ordering state in the mixed valence manganites [5, 6]. In this work, the polycrystalline films Pr1-xSrxMnO3 with x=0.2 and 0.4 were investigated in the temperature range of 100-390 K using the electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy in the X-band and the magnetic susceptibility measurements. The films thickness is 100-130 nm. Single-crystal zirconium oxide stabilized by yttrium (YSZ) was used as the substrate. The samples were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering with the “facing-target” scheme that allows transferring elements from a target to a substrate without changes in the composition. The magnetic susceptibility data showed that the Curie temperature (TC) of the films is 115 K for x = 0.2 and 215 K for x = 0.4. These values are significantly lower than for the single crystals of the same composition (150 K and 300 K, respectively). This situation implies the presence of the phase separation in the films and the detection of possible magnetic correlations above Tc. The presence of the Griffiths-like phase in the films above their TC was previously established using analysis of the EMR spectra [7]. This phase represents the short-range ferromagnetic correlations in the paramagnetic region. The Griffiths temperature (TG) is 145 K for x = 0.2 and 295 K for x = 0.4 and corresponds to TC of the single crystals of the same composition. New research shows the presence of the CO state in the films above their TG. Temperature dependents of the inverse magnetic susceptibility measured for the samples in the external magnetic fields of H = 0.1 - 30 kOe demonstrate a pronounced shoulder in the wide temperature range up to values above room temperature. The example is shown in the Fig. 1 for the film with x = 0.4. It is should note that the pronounced shoulder above TG was also observed on the temperature dependence of the inverse residual magnetization of the films magnetized in the field of H = 500 Oe. In the case of the film with x = 0.4, the shoulder width as well as the temperature near the charge-ordering transition (TNCO) decreases with the growth of the applied magnetic field. The TNCO dependence on the applied magnetic field was traced. Inset in the Fig. 1 shows the TNCO (H) dependence for the film with x = 0.4. In the case of the film with x = 0.2, the inverse magnetic susceptibility above TG exhibits an ambiguous behavior in the high magnetic fields. For materials in the ferromagnetic region, the resonance line expands with decreasing temperature. The resonance line broadening observed for manganites above their TC (or TG) with increasing temperature is usually explained by the presence of spin-lattice relaxation and magnetic polarons. The temperature dependence of the resonance linewidth for the film with x = 0.2 indicates the presence of the charge ordering in the range of T = 200-350 K (Inset in the Fig. 2). For the film with x = 0.4, a maximum of about 350 K is also assumed (Fig. 2). The temperature hysteresis of the inverse magnetic susceptibility of the films is observed in the weak magnetic field above their TG. The example is shown in the Fig. 1 for the film with x = 0.4. This behavior is a direct evidence of the martensitic nature of the CO state [8]. The high-temperature charge ordering (TNCO = 600 K) was previously observed in the Bi-Sr manganite with x = 0.25 [3]. This behavior was explained by the exclusive role of the 6s2 electrons of Bi3+. The role of the 6s2 electrons of Pr3+ and the effect of intrinsic strains in the samples other than strains associated with grain boundaries or substrate lattice mismatch in films are discussed.

**References:**

1. E. Dagotto, T. Hotta, A. Moreo, Phys. Rep., Vol. 344, p. 1 (2001) 2. A. Krichene, W. Boujelben, S. Mukherjee, et al., Acta Materialia, Vol. 131, p. 491 (2017) 3. J.L. Garcia-Munoz, C. Frontera, M.A.G. Aranda, et al., J. Solid State Chem., Vol. 171, p. 84 (2003) 4. D.M. Polishchuk, A.I. Tovstolytkin, E.L. Fertman, et al., J. Magn. Magn. Mat., Vol. 410, p. 109 (2016) 5. V. Podzorov, B.G. Kim, V. Kiryukhin, et al., Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 64, p. 140406 (2001) 6. S. Dhieb, A. Krichene, N. Chniba Boudjada, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, Vol. 124, p.17762 (2020) 7. Yu.E. Samoshkina, M.V. Rautskii, E.A. Stepanova, et al., J. Exp. Theor. Phys., Vol. 125, p. 1090 (2017) 8. X. Liang, J. Bai, J. Gu, et al., J. Mater. Sci. Technol,. Vol. 44, p. 31 (2020)

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/e101268a634e7fa06dad7150320c4203.jpg)
Temperature dependences of the inverse magnetic susceptibility for the film with x = 0.4. The curves were measurement in two modes at H = 100 Oe: cooling (FC) and heating (FH). Inset: dependence of the temperature near the charge-ordering transition (TNCO) on the applied magnetic field. The squares are the experimental points, the line is the fit and approximation.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/01cf1051a8b0d0dd510c299280e7246d.jpg)
Temperature dependence of the inverse magnetic susceptibility at H = 3 kOe and the resonance linewidth in the X-band for the film with x = 0.4. Inset: temperature dependence of the inverse magnetic susceptibility at H = 3 kOe and the resonance linewidth for the film with x = 0.2.

 High-Temperature Martensitic Transformation in Pr-Sr Manganites

5d metals are used in electronic architectures because of their high spin-orbit coupling (SOC) leading to efficient spin ↔ electric conversion and strong magnetic interactions. When C60 is grown on a metal, the electronic structure is altered due to hybridisation and charge transfer. Previously, it has been shown that this can lead to the emergence of spin ordering [1]. This interfacial effect is also critical in spin filtering and spin transport effects [2]. We have studied the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SHMR) for YIG/Pt/C60 and YIG/Ta/C60. [3]. The SHMR at room temperature are up to a factor 6 higher than for the pristine metals, with the spin Hall angle increased by 20-60%. Here we studied YIG/PtMn with without C60. PtMn is an antiferromagnet that has been shown to have a strong spin Hall effect [4]. This will allow us to determine if the molecular orientation can play a role in the enhanced SOC observed in Pt. We aim to: investigate the mechanisms that generate spin orbit scattering at the hybrid conducting interface and maximise the effect. By fitting the SHMR data, we can extract the spin Hall angle which is significantly higher with the molecular overlayer. The SHMR saturates once the applied field saturates the magnetisation out-of-plane, at 0.1-0.15 T for a YIG film, and no higher than 0.5 T for any measured condition. However, above this field range, other contributions such as Koehler MR, localisation and the Hanle effect can result in significant linear contributions to the MR that would artificially enhance the SHMR ratio and spin hall angle [Fig1]. Thus, the spin Hall angle ΘSH is bigger for PtMn/C60 than PtMn, which we attribute to an enhancement of the spin orbit coupling (SOC) by the C60. Figure 2 shows the maximum SHMR measured as a function of the PtMn thickness for both pure metal and PtMn covered on molecules. Also, the PtMn/C60 SHMR value is increased after annealing the sample at 200 C.

**References:**

References: 1. F. Al ma’mari, et al., Nature. 524, 69—73 (2015) 2. M. Cinchetti, et al., Nature materials. 16, 507 (2017) 3. S. Alotibi, et al., arXiv preprint: 1912. 02712, 2020. 4. Y. Ou, Phys. Rev. B 93, 220405(R) (2016).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/081f905ccccdb5556742fbf743fdc34e.jpg)

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/5ec866da85e77a56bbedc861a638dbe0.jpg)

 Effects of a Molecular C60 Interfaces on the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance of YIG/PtMn

Topological chiral semi-metal CoSi exhibit unusual quasi-particles excitations near the band crossing point, which have spin-1 and charge-2 chiral charge [1]. Like Dirac and Weyl semimetals, these semimetals also show some unusual electrical transport behavior, such as large magneto-resistance, mobility, and anomalous Hall effects. Therefore, we have performed temperature and magnetic field dependent electrical transport measurements on the topological chiral semimetal CoSi poly-crystals. We observed that while χ versus T indicates the paramagnetic nature of poly-crystals (inset of image1), 1/χ versus T behavior indicates that there is the presence of some weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction at low temperature [2]. These poly-crystals show anomalous behavior in resistivity versus temperature measurements in the vicinity of such magnetic exchange interaction. The temperature and angle-dependent magneto-resistance (MR) measurements show negative behavior at low temperature, which is in contrast to the single crystal counterpart of CoSi, probably due to the presence of weak exchange interaction [3,4].

**References:**

 1. D. Takane, and T. Sato, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 076402, (2019). 2. Banik, S. et al. Phys. Rev. B 77, 224417 (2008). 3. X. Xu and S. Jia, Phys. Rev. B 100, 045104 (2019). 4. S.S Samatham, D Venkateshwarlu, and V Ganesan, Mater. Res. Express 1 026503, (2014).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/b58415af3c3b708d66c150d5bdbaeaab.jpg)
Temperature dependence of 1/χ showing the presence of exchange interaction at low temperature. Inset shows the temperature dependence of χ

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/18e6611ba53e53bfc851fc126014ccff.jpg)
Temperature-dependent magnetoresistance(MR) showing a change in MR from negative to positive as the temperature is increased

 Magneto-Transport Study on Topological Chiral Semimetal CoSi

Heusler alloys are materials with the composition X2YZ, where X and Y are transition metals and Z is the p-element. By the change of an element in the composition, new properties, e. g. the magnetocaloric effect, spin-polarization, or coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity can be achieved. Those properties can be combined to achieve multifunctional Heusler alloys. Nowadays, new superconducting materials are being explored, such as HTC superconductors, superconducting magnets, and also as mentioned, ferromagnetic superconductors. Heusler alloy Ni2NbSn represents the superconductor with the ferromagnetic behaviour under the critical temperature of superconductivity. It would be difficult for the alloy Ni2NbSn to find practical usage since the critical temperature is 3.4 K at zero external magnetic field. One of the possibilities to increase the critical temperature can be the doping with various p-elements, to modify the lattice constant. In this topic, we decided to study the doped series of alloys Ni50Nb25Sn25-xZx, where Z is Ga, Ge, or Sb and x = 1, 2. Their structural, magnetic, and electric properties were analyzed to show the effect of modifying the lattice constant on the critical temperature of the Ni2NbSn Heusler alloy. This research was supported by the projects APVV-16-0079 and Slovak VEGA grant. No. 1/0053/19.

**References:**

T. Graf, C. Felser and S. S.P. Parkin, Progress in Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 39, p.1-50 (2011) T. Klimczuk, C. H. Wang and K. Gofryk, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, Vol. 85, p.174505 (2012)

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/9aa3b7f404eada4a41ac7bf2a0b0b864.jpg)
Hysteresis loops of alloys with 1% doping.

 Effect of doping on ferromagnetic and superconducting properties of Ni2NbSnZ (Z = Ga, Ge, and Sb) Heusler alloy

Frustrated systems with two or more competing interactions have a wide variety of phases with unconventional properties and complex symmetry. The pseudospin formalism is a powerful method to study complex magnetic systems with various degrees of freedom. Pseudospin models of anisotropic magnets are widely used to describe the properties of binary alloys, classical and quantum liquids, dilute magnets, superconductors, and many other physical systems [1]. In addition, disorder caused by introduction of impurities and defects into the system significantly affects the critical behavior and phase states of magnets [2]. This work is devoted to modelling and theoretical description of phase and critical properties of a low-dimensional site-dilute magnet with frustration caused by the competitive charge and spin orders. We consider the Blume-Emery-Griffiths-type spin-pseudospin model, which was initially proposed [3] to consider the competition between spin and charge orders in underdoped high-Tc cuprates like La2-xSrxCuO4 in the normal state. The model considers the CuO2 planes as a system of charge triplets consisting of three many-electron mixed-valence centers [CuO4]7-;6-;5- (corresponding nominally to the copper ion states Cu1+;2+;3+). Two charge states Cu1+;3+ are associated with two components of the pseudospin S=1 triplet with MS=±1. The Cu2+ state associated with the MS=0 component is magnetic and has a conventional spin σ=1/2. Within this pseudospin formalism, the Hamiltonian of the static spin-pseudospin model includes Ising spin exchange coupling (J), on-site (Δ) and inter-site (V) density-density correlations, which have the form of single-ion pseudospin anisotropy and Ising exchange coupling in the language of pseudospin operators. The chemical potential μ is necessary to take into account the constant charge density doped in the CuO2 plane, which gives the concentration of doped charged impurities n. The properties of the spin-pseudospin model in the ground state were studied with the mean-field approximation [3,4], and the temperature phase diagrams were obtained with the Bethe approximation [5]. We performed a computer simulation of a spin-pseudospin model using the classical Monte Carlo method and a modified Metropolis algorithm on a 2D square lattice with periodic boundary conditions. Phase transitions and critical properties of a dilute magnet with frustration were investigated in the framework of the theory of finite-size scaling. The system demonstrates the 2D Ising universality class as it is far from frustration, while as the system approaches the frustrated state, significant changes are observed in the critical behavior of the system: spin (charge) metastable phase states are formed, first-order phase transitions occur, and the critical exponents for second-order phase transitions depend on the parameters of the model, i.e. the critical behavior of the system becomes non-universal (for example, see Fig. 1) [6]. Also, the critical behavior becomes non-universal with an increase in the density of the doped charge n in the non-frustrated state. In addition, temperature and ground state phase diagrams were obtained, and the features of the formation of phase states with an increase in the density of doped impurities in frustration were revealed. There is a wide variety of phase states with different properties in the ground state. If the spin exchange coupling is greater than the one for pseudospin (V/J≤1), there are actually two phases in the ground state, namely the charge order (CO) and the antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, which is unstable with respect to the phase separation into charge and spin subsystems that behave like immiscible quantum liquids. Various configurations of phase separation are formed depending on the value of n, viz., a charge/AFM droplet or a charge/AFM stripe. There are 5 phases in the ground state for V/J&gt;1: AFM and “ferromagnetic” orders, and three types of CO. Analysis of the system in frustration has shown that the ground state of the system turns out to be degenerate not at one specific point, but in a whole range of parameters. Under identical calculation conditions, both AFM order and CO can form with a certain probability. Charge doping in a frustrated state leads to unusual effects. When the spin exchange coupling is strong (V/J≤1), AFM order changes to CO with decreasing temperature (or vice versa, depending on the value of n), as well as reentrant order-order phase transitions [7] occur, which is shown in Fig. 2. Thus, the competition between charge and magnetic orders, leading to frustration of the system, as well as charged impurities, significantly affect the properties of a two-dimensional Ising magnet. This work was prepared with the financial support of Competitiveness Enhancement Program - CEP 3.1.1.1-20.

**References:**

[1] Hovhannisyan V. V. et al., Physical Review E., Vol. 96, p. 062103 (2017) [2] Giacomin G., Springer, Vol. 2025 (2011) [3] Y. D. Panov et al., J. Supercond. Novel Magn., Vol. 29, p. 1077 (2016). [4] Y. D. Panov et al., J. Low Temp. Phys, Vol. 187, p. 646 (2017). [5] Y. D. Panov et al., JMMM, Vol. 477, p. 162 (2019). [6] D. N. Yasinskaya et al., Acta Phys. Pol. A., Vol. 137, p. 979 (2020) [7] D. N. Yasinskaya, V. A. Ulitko, Y. D. Panov, Phys. Solid State, Vol. 62, p. 1713 (2020)

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/fc9010fa0e9f0f0bf9f53632bb55fb8e.jpg)
Dependence of critical exponents for heat capacity and susceptibility on single-ion anisotropy Δ/J for V/J=0.2, n=0. Dark gray corresponds to the universality class of the 2D Ising model, light gray corresponds to non-universal critical behavior. White color corresponds to first-order phase transitions

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/33dac2d32c21ee256bf53ecc248d2123.jpg)
Temperature phase diagram for n = 0.15, V/J=1 near the frustration. The order type changes twice when the temperature decreases, i.e. the reentrant phase transition to AFM takes place

 Phase States and Critical Properties of a Dilute Magnet with Frustration

The study of quantum critical effects and more generally of the physical properties of “strange metals” is currently of high interest in condensed-matter physics [1]. In rare-earth based intermetallics, heavy-fermion behaviors and quantum criticality are mainly investigated in materials where Ce or Yb are alloyed with non-magnetic elements [2]. Quantum critical effects are then generally perceived at low temperature near the magnetic instability of almost trivalent 4f element. Recently, we showed that the situation is somewhat different in YbMn6Ge6-xSnx where intermediate valent Yb is alloyed with a ferromagnetic Mn sublattice. In this series of compounds, several very unusual phenomena have been evidenced using magnetic measurements, neutron diffraction and electronic spectroscopies [3-6]. That includes an abnormal thermal variation of the Yb valence [3,4], a record value for the Yb magnetic ordering temperature (up to TYb = 125 K [4,5]), a Yb magnetic instability occurring for far from trivalent Yb (υ ~ 2.73) and signatures of quantum criticality up to room temperature [6]. These unusual phenomena have been tentatively ascribed to the strong Mn-Yb exchange interactions. For a further understanding of the YbMn6Ge6-xSnx series of compounds (x ≥ 4.0), we have performed specific heat (Cp) measurements. Our results indicate that these alloys are heavy-fermion materials (γ &gt; 50 mJ.mol-1.K-2) and that the electronic specific heat coefficient reaches a maximum value γ ~ 280 mJ.mol-1.K-2 for compositions close to the Yb magnetic instability near x ~ 5.20 (Figure 1). Details about the analysis of the data will be presented on the poster together with a discussion of the results.

**References:**

[1] H. Zhao, et al., Nat. Phys. 15, 1261-1266 (2019). [2] H. V. Löhneysen, et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1015 (2007). [3] T. Mazet, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 11, 096402 (2013). [4] T. Mazet, et al., Phys. Rev. B. 92, 075105 (2015). [5] L. Eichenberger, et al., Phys. Rev. B. 96, 155129 (2017). [6] L. Eichenberger, et al., Phys. Rev. B. 101, 020408 (R) (2020).

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/f438e8a96f89b2fa974fad75794646cb.jpg)
Fig. 1: Composition dependence of the electronic specific heat 
coefficient γ in YbMn6Ge6-xSnx (x ≥ 4.0)

 Specific Heat of YbMn6Ge6-xSnx Compounds



A common feature of many organic-based molecular magnets is that inter-molecular magnetic interactions are extremely weak compared to intra-molecular ones. As a result a bulk sample can be described in terms of independent individual molecular magnets made up of a finite cluster of coupled magnetic spins. Because of the large value of individual spins of several molecular magnetic compounds it turns out that such systems can be described to very high accuracy, at sufficiently high temperatures, by a classical Heisenberg spin model. Only for sufficiently low temperatures need one incorporate the quantum character of the spins. In this work we focus on the exact spin dynamics of small nanoscale molecular magnetic clusters of classical Heisenberg spins. The present study permits us to obtain analytical solutions for the time-dependent spin-spin autocorrelation function for certain clusters of classical Heisenberg spins coupled through exchange interaction. This study underscores the potential utility of a classical spin treatment of nanoscale magnetic clusters and provides results useful to interpret data obtained from neutron scattering experiments.

**References:**



**Images:**





 Exact Spin Dynamics of High Spin Nanoscale Molecular Magnetic Clusters

At present, the study of physical properties of magnetic quasi-low-dimensional compounds intensively developed. Oxyborates with ludwigites structure are the members of such type of compounds due to the presence of quasi-two-dimensional elements in their structure. The unit cell of ludwigites includes 4 non-equivalent positions which can be occupied by magnetic cations. The magnetization reversal is occur in (Ni,Mn)3BO5 [1]. The exchange bias effects is occur in Ni5GeB2O10[2]. In this work, single crystals of (Ni,Cu)2MnBO5 with ludwigites structures were synthesized by flux method, using the fluxes based on bismuth trimolybdat. Structural and magnetic characterization of the samples was carried out. Magnetic transition occurs at the temperature at around 75 K (Fig. 1). M-H curves measured at 10 K are presented on Figure 2. Indirect exchange interactions calculation was held for the compound (Ni,Cu)2MnBO5 in frameworks of the Anderson-Zavadskiy indirect exchange interactions model. Calculation results showed that ferromagnetic and atiferromagnetic interaction competition presents between ions in plane and ions connected planes. Acknowledgments The research was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-42-240011

**References:**

[1] L.N. Bezmaternykh, E.M. Kolesnikova, E.V. Eremin, et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 364,55 (2014) [2] S.N. Sofronova, L.N. Bezmaternykh, E.V. Eremin,et al. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 401, 217 (2016)

**Images:**

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/ffa2a493700f5078c7de96b9ab59e675.jpg)
Fig.1. The magnetization in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC), field-cooled (FC), and field-cooled-heating (FH) conditions measured at H=1 kOe.

![](https://assets.underline.io/uploads/markdown_image/1/image/2cfe810f1d7cb15d0679f2c6f1f3c436.jpg)
Fig. 2. M-H hysteresis loops measured at 10 K.

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