Austria

System-level testing is a critical phase in the development of large, safety-dependent systems, such as those in the automotive industry. However, creating test specifications can be a time-consuming and error-prone process. This paper presents an AI-based assistant to aid users in creating test specifications for system-level requirements. The system mimics the working process of a test developer by utilizing a LLM and an agentic framework, and by introducing intermediate test artifacts - structured intermediate representations derived from input requirements. 
Our user study demonstrates a 30 to 40% reduction in effort required for test development. For test specification generation, our quantitative analysis reveals that iteratively providing the model with more targeted information, like examples of similar test specifications, based on comparable requirements and purposes, can boost the performance by up to 30% in ROUGE-L. 
Overall, our approach has the potential to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of system-level testing and can be applied to various industries where safety and functionality are paramount.

ACL 2025

Multi-Step Generation of Test Specifications using Large Language Models for System-Level Requirements

test specifications

requireement engineering

llms

application

## Welcome!
"I am excited to welcome you to this year’s edition of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing! Importantly, it marks the 30th edition of EMNLP. With over 8,000 submissions, more than 3,000 accepted papers, and thousands of attendees, we have come a long way from that first
workshop, which had 14 accepted papers. As the field looks ahead, Suzhou is the fitting location for celebrating this milestone: rooted in a long literary tradition, yet modern and forward-looking, and home to a large share of the NLP community." 

*Message from the General Chair, Dirk Hovy*

EMNLP 2025

Celebrate 30 Years of EMNLP! 
EMNLP 2025 will be held in Suzhou, China from November 5th to November 9th, 2025.

poster

### Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Message from the General Chair: 
*It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025), held in beautiful Vienna, Austria, from July 27 to August 1, 2025. ACL2025continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity, and I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers who have worked tirelessly to bring this event to life.* 
[Read more](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GI_hvOpjswAuYdUTromfeDiPpCcqidwg/view?usp=sharing)

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Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Social media platforms have enabled large-scale influence campaigns, impacting democratic processes. To fight against these threats, continuous training is needed. 
A typical training session is based on a fictive scenario describing key elements which are instantiated into a dedicated platform.
Such a platform simulates social networks, which host a huge amount of content aligned with the training scenario. However, directly using Large Language Models to create appropriate content result in low content diversity due to coarse-grained and high-level scenario constraints, which compromises the trainees' immersion.
We address this issue with SocialForge, a system designed to
enhance the diversity and realism of the generated content while ensuring its adherence to the original scenario.
Specifically, SocialForge refines and augments the initial scenario constraints by generating detailed subnarratives, personas, and events.
We assess diversity, realism, and adherence to the scenario through custom evaluation protocol. We also propose an automatic method to detect erroneous constraint generation, ensuring optimal alignment of the content with the scenario.
SocialForge has been used in real trainings and in several showcases, with great end-user satisfaction. We release an open-source dataset generated with SocialForge for the research community.

SocialForge: simulating the social internet to provide realistic training against influence operations

Large Language Models (LLMs) require high quality instruction data for effective alignment, particularly in code generation tasks where expert curated datasets are expensive to produce. We present Genetic-Instruct, a scalable algorithm for synthesizing large-scale, high quality coding instructions using evolutionary principles. Starting from a small set of seed instructions, Genetic-Instruct generates diverse and challenging instruction-code pairs by leveraging an Instructor-LLM for generation, a Coder-LLM for code synthesis, and a Judge-LLM for automatic quality evaluation. Our proposed approach is highly parallelizable and effective even with a small seed data and weaker generator models. We generated more than 7.5 million coding instructions with the proposed approach. Then we evaluated it by fine-tuning LLMs with the synthetic samples and demonstrated a significant improvement in their code generation capability compared to the other synthetic generation approaches and publicly available datasets. Our results highlight the efficiency, scalability, and generalizability of the Genetic-Instruct framework.

Genetic Instruct: Scaling up Synthetic Generation of Coding Instructions for Large Language Models

AI agents and business automation tools interacting with external web services require standardized, machine-readable information about their APIs in the form of API specifications. However, the information about APIs available online is often presented as unstructured, free-form HTML documentation, requiring external users to spend significant time manually converting it into a structured format. To address this, we introduce \productname{}, a novel framework that transforms long and diverse API documentation pages into consistent, machine-readable API specifications. This is achieved through a carefully crafted pipeline that integrates large language models and rule-based algorithms which are guided by domain knowledge of the structure of documentation webpages. Our experiments demonstrate that \productname{} generalizes well across hundreds of APIs, and produces valid OpenAPI specifications that encapsulate most of the information from the original documentation. \productname{} has been successfully implemented in an enterprise environment, saving thousands of hours of manual effort and making hundreds of complex enterprise APIs accessible as tools for LLMs.

Generating OpenAPI Specifications from Online API Documentation with Large Language Models

We introduce a next-generation vandalism detection system for Wikidata, one of the largest open-source structured knowledge bases on the Web. Wikidata is highly complex: its items incorporate an ever-expanding universe of factual triples and multilingual texts. While edits can alter both structured and textual content, our approach converts all edits into a single space using a method we call Graph2Text. This allows for evaluating all content changes for potential vandalism using a single multilingual language model. This unified approach improves coverage and simplifies maintenance. Experiments demonstrate that our solution outperforms the current production system. Additionally, we are releasing the code under an open license along with a large dataset of various human-generated knowledge alterations, enabling further research.

Graph-Linguistic Fusion: Using Language Models for Wikidata Vandalism Detection

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have transformed image captioning, shifting from concise captions to detailed descriptions. We introduce LOTUS, a leaderboard for evaluating detailed captions, addressing three main gaps in existing evaluations: lack of standardized criteria, bias-aware assessments, and user preference considerations. LOTUS comprehensively evaluates various aspects, including caption quality (e.g., alignment, descriptiveness), risks (e.g., hallucination), and societal biases (e.g., gender bias) while enabling preference-oriented evaluations by tailoring criteria to diverse user preferences. Our analysis of recent LVLMs reveals no single model excels across all criteria, while correlations emerge between caption detail and bias risks. Preference-oriented evaluations demonstrate that optimal model selection depends on user priorities.

LOTUS: A Leaderboard for Detailed Image Captioning from Quality to Societal Bias and User Preferences

Out-of-scope (OOS) intent detection is a critical challenge in task-oriented dialogue systems (TODS), as it ensures robustness to unseen and ambiguous queries. In this work, we propose a novel but simple modular framework that combines uncertainty modeling with fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) for efficient and accurate OOS detection. 
The first step applies uncertainty estimation to the output of an in-scope intent detection classifier, which is currently deployed in a real-world TODS handling tens of thousands of user interactions daily. The second step then leverages an emerging LLM-based approach, where a fine-tuned LLM is triggered to make a final decision on instances with high uncertainty.
Unlike prior approaches, our method effectively balances computational efficiency and performance, combining traditional approaches with LLMs and yielding state-of-the-art results on key OOS detection benchmarks, including real-world OOS data acquired from a deployed TODS.

Efficient Out-of-Scope Detection in Dialogue Systems via Uncertainty-Driven LLM Routing

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed how complex tasks across various domains can be automated. One of the industry trends today is Agentic AI, which leverages LLMs to operate multiple tools and provide automatic configuration.
In the domain of cloud computing, Agentic AI might be used, for example, with the generation of Kubernetes manifests -- structured configuration files that define containerized environments.
However, effectively applying LLMs to domain-specific tasks often reveals knowledge gaps that impact the accuracy and reliability of the generated output.

To address these challenges, we propose KGen, a pipeline for generating K8s manifests directly from user-described intents expressed in natural language using LLMs. Our approach leverages an extensive n-shot learning analysis to choose the appropriate number of examples that can better guide the adopted models in generating the manuscripts while also looking at the computational cost. Our results validate the use of LLM in this task and show that (as expected) increasing the number of n-shot examples can improve the quality of the generated configurations when adopting more specialized models, such as Mixtral-8x7B (which uses the Mixture of Experts approach) and Prometheus-8x7B-v2.0, but (surprisingly) for more general-purpose models like Llama3-8B and Llama3-70B, it can lead to smaller number of valid K8s manifests. 
These results underscore the complexities of adapting LLMs for domain-specific structured generation and emphasize the need for an in-depth analysis to determine the most effective setup, also suggesting that smaller models sometimes outperform their larger counterparts for each domain-specific task.

A Perspective on LLM Data Generation with Few-shot Examples: from Intent to Kubernetes Manifest

Anomaly Detection (AD) focuses on detecting samples that differ from the standard pattern, making it a vital tool in process control. Logical anomalies may appear visually normal yet violate predefined constraints on object presence, arrangement, or quantity, depending on reasoning and explainability. We introduce LogicQA, a framework that enhances AD by providing industrial operators with explanations for logical anomalies. LogicQA compiles automatically generated questions into a checklist and collects responses to identify violations of logical constraints. LogicQA is training-free, annotation-free, and operates in a few-shot setting. We achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) Logical AD performance on public benchmarks, MVTec LOCO AD, with an AUROC of 87.6% and an F1-max of 87.0% along with the explanations of anomalies. Also, our approach has shown outstanding performance on semiconductor SEM corporate data, further validating its effectiveness in industrial applications.

LogicQA: Logical Anomaly Detection with Vision Language Model Generated Questions

The pretraining of code LLMs typically begins with general data and progresses to domain specific data through sequential stages. In thelatter stages, a challenging issue is that the data of a target domain can be limited in size, and conventional approach of increasing the number of epochs does not lead to a performance
gain. In this paper, we propose a novel packing method, which is extracting overlapping contexts from the training data using variable length stride. Our method can mitigate the data scarcity issue by providing more diverse and abundant examples of next token prediction than non-overlapping contexts. While the training time of our approach is increased proportionally to the amount of augmented examples, we present space-efficient implementations to store overlapping contexts. Extensive experiments with real datasets show that our approach outperforms the conventional approach of controlling the number of epochs in terms of the pass@k rate.

Overlapping Context with Variable-Length Stride Increases Diversity when Training Large Language Model for Code

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown capabilities in various natural language processing tasks, yet they often struggle with logical reasoning, particularly when dealing with complex natural language statements. To address this challenge, approaches that combine LLMs with symbolic reasoners have been proposed, where the LLM translates the natural language statements into symbolic representations, which are then verified by an external symbolic solver. However, ensuring syntactic correctness in these translations remains a significant challenge. To address this, we propose to constrain the outputs of the LLMs using Grammar-Constrained Decoding, showing that it consistently improves both syntactic correctness and semantic accuracy in logical parsing tasks. Our findings suggest that grammar constraints can serve as an effective substitute for in-context examples, especially beneficial for resource-constrained applications using smaller models.

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SocialForge: simulating the social internet to provide realistic training against influence operations

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