Italy


Speech emotion recognition (SER) is an important and challenging task. It requires that a machine learning model process a person’s speech signals and to judge his emotional state accurately. Due to the high dimensionality of the audio data, the extracted features are always noisy. Besides, the abstraction of audio features makes it impossible to fully use the inherent relationship among audio features. This paper proposes a model that combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a capsule network (CapsNet), named as CapCNN. The advantage of CapCNN lies in that it provides a solution for time sensitivity, and gives the overall characteristics. In this study, it is found that CapCNN can well handle the SER task. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our algorithm shows high performances on the CASIA and EMODB datasets. The detailed analysis confirms that our method provides balanced results on various classes.

ICPR 2020

The Application of Capsule Neural Network Based CNN for Speech emotion recognition

capsnet

speech emotion recognition

feature extraction

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


poster


Digital era has changed the way music is produced and propagated creating new needs for automated and more effective management of music tracks in big volumes. Automated music mood detection constitutes an active task in the field of MIR (Music Information Retrieval) and connected with many research papers in the past few years. In order to approach the task of mood detection, we faced separately the analysis of musical lyrics and the analysis of musical audio signals. Then we applied a uniform multichannel analysis to classify our data in mood classes. The available data we will use to train and evaluate our models consists of a total of 2.000 song titles, classified in four mood classes {happy, angry, sad, relaxed}. The result of this process leads to a uniform prediction for emotional arousal that a music track can cause to a listener and show the way to develop many applications.

Mood Detection Analyzing Lyrics and Audio Signal Based on Deep Learning Architectures

Various surface defects will inevitably occur in the production process of mobile phones, which have a huge impact on the enterprise. Therefore, precise defect detection is of great significance in the production of mobile phones. However,
traditional manual inspection and machine vision inspection have low efficiency and accuracy respectively which cannot meet the rapid production needs of modern enterprises. In this paper, we proposed a mobile phone surface defect (MPSD)
detection model based on deep learning, which greatly reduces the requirement of a large dataset and improves detection performance. First, Boundary Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Networks (BEGAN) is used to generate and augment the
defect data. Then, based on the Faster R-CNN model, Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) and ResNet 101 are combined as feature extraction network to get more small target defect features Further, replacing the ROI pooling layer with an ROI Align layer reduces the quantization deviation during the pooling process. Finally, we train and evaluate our model on our own dataset. The experimental results indicate that compared with some traditional methods based on handcrafted feature extraction and the traditional Faster R-CNN, the improved Faster R-CNN achieves 99.43% mAP, which is more effective in the field of MPSD defect detection.

Mobile Phone Surface Defect Detection Based On Improved Faster R-CNN


Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely used in scene text recognition and achieved remarkable performance. Such DNN-based scene text recognizers usually require plenty of training data for training, but data collection and annotation is usually cost-expensive in practice. To alleviate this issue, data augmentation is often applied to train the scene text recognizers. However, existing data augmentation methods including affine transformation and elastic transformation methods suffer from the problems of under- and over-diversity, due to the complexity of text contents and shapes. In this paper, we propose a sample-aware data augmentor to transform samples adaptively based on the contents of samples. Specifically, our data augmentor consists of three parts: gated module, affine transformation module, and elastic transformation module. In our data augmentor, affine transformation module focuses on keeping the affinity of samples, while elastic transformation module aims to improve the diversity of samples. With the gated module, our data augmentor determines transformation type adaptively based on the properties of training samples and the recognizer capability during the training process. Besides, our framework introduces an adversarial learning strategy to optimize the augmentor and the recognizer jointly. Extensive experiments on scene text recognition benchmarks show that our sample-aware data augmentor significantly improves the performance of state-of-the-art scene text recognizer.

Sample-aware Data Augmentor for Scene Text Recognition

In this paper, we introduce a Video Representation Fusion Network (VRFN) for movie genre classification. Our approach creates video-level features from a group of frames and fuses these features temporally to learn long-term temporal
information for the movie genre classification task. We use a pretrained I3D model to generate intermediate video representations and connect it with a C3D-LSTM model for feature fusion. LMTD-9 dataset which contains 4007 trailers with multi-label of 9 movie genres is used for training and evaluation of the model. Our best model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

Video Representation Fusion Network For Multi-Label Movie Genre Classification

Data clustering is a fundamental topic in machine learning and data mining areas. In recent years, researchers have proposed a series of effective methods based on Low Rank Representation (LRR) which could explore low-dimension subspace structure embedded in original data effectively. The traditional LRR methods are usually designed for vectorial data from linear spaces with Euclidean distance. However, high-dimension data (such as video clip or imageset) are always considered as non-linear manifold data such as Grassmann manifold with non-linear metric. In addition, traditional LRR clustering method always adopt single nuclear norm as low rank constraint which would lead to suboptimal solution and decrease the clustering accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a new low rank method on Grassmann manifold for video or imageset data clustering task. In the proposed method, video or imageset data are formulated as sample data on Grassmann manifold first. And then a double low rank constraint is proposed by combining the nuclear norm and bilinear representation to better construct the representation matrix. The experimental results on several public datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art clustering methods.

A Spectral Clustering on Grassmann Manifold via Double Low Rank Constraint


The key to an accurate understanding of terrain is to extract the informative features from the multi-modal data obtained from different devices. Sensors, such as RGB cameras, depth sensors, vibration sensors, and microphones, are used as the multi-modal data. Many studies have explored ways to use them, especially in the robotics field. Some papers have successfully introduced single-modal or multi-modal methods. However, in practice, robots can be faced with extreme conditions; microphones do not work well in crowded scenes, and an RGB camera cannot capture terrains well in the dark. In this paper, we present a novel framework using the multi-modal variational autoencoder and the Gaussian mixture model clustering algorithm on image data and audio data for terrain type clustering. Our method enables the terrain type clustering even if one of the modalities (either image or audio) is missing at the test-time. We evaluated the clustering accuracy with a conventional multi-modal terrain type clustering method and we conducted ablation studies to show the effectiveness of our approach.

Single-modal Incremental Terrain Clustering from Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Feature Learning

Recent developments in the field of Visual Question Answering (VQA) have witnessed promising improvements in performance through contributions in attention based networks. Most such approaches have focused on unidirectional attention that leverage over attention from textual domain (question) on visual space. These approaches mostly focused on learning high-quality attention in the visual space. In contrast, this work proposes an alternating bi-directional attention framework. First, a question to image attention helps to learn the robust visual space embedding, and second, an image to question attention helps to improve the question embedding. This attention mechanism is realized in an alternating fashion i.e. question-to-image followed by image-to-question and is repeated for maximizing performance. We believe that this process of alternating attention generation helps both the modalities and leads to better representations for the VQA task. This proposal is benchmark on TDIUC dataset and against state-of-art approaches. Our ablation analysis shows that alternate attention is the key to achieve high performance in VQA.

Multistage Attention based Visual Question Answering


This paper studies the problem of Person Re-Identification (ReID)
for large-scale applications. Recent research efforts have been devoted
to building complicated part models, which introduce considerably
high computational cost and memory consumption, inhibiting its practicability
in large-scale applications. This paper aims to develop a novel learning
strategy to find efficient feature embeddings while maintaining the
balance of accuracy and model complexity. More specifically, we find
by enhancing the classical triplet loss together with cross-entropy
loss, our method can explore the hard examples and build a discriminant
feature embedding yet compact enough for large-scale applications.
Our method is carried out progressively using Bayesian optimization,
and we call it the Progressive Learning Algorithm (PLA). Extensive
experiments on three large-scale datasets show that our PLA is comparable
or better than the state-of-the-arts. Especially, on the challenging
Market-1501 dataset, we achieve Rank-1=94.7%/mAP=89.4% while saving
at least 30\% parameters than strong part models.

Improved Residual Networks for Image and Video Recognition

We propose a monocular vision assisted localization algorithm, that will help a UAV navigate safely in indoor corridor environments. Always, the aim is to navigate the UAV through a corridor in the forward direction by keeping it at the center with no orientation either to the left or right side. The algorithm makes use of the RGB image, captured from the UAV front camera, and passes it through a trained Deep Neural Network (DNN) to predict the position of the UAV as either on the left or center or right side of the corridor. Depending upon the divergence of the UAV with respect to an imaginary central line, known as the central bisector line (CBL) of the corridor, a suitable command is generated to bring the UAV to the center. When the UAV is at the center of the corridor, a new image is passed through another trained DNN to predict the orientation of the UAV with respect to the CBL of the corridor. If the UAV is either left or right tilted, an appropriate command is generated to rectify the orientation. We also propose a new corridor dataset, named UAVCorV1, which contains images as captured by the UAV front camera when the UAV is at all possible locations of a variety of corridors. An exhaustive set of experiments in different corridors reveal the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

Localization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Corridor Environments using Deep Learning

Nowadays many deep learning algorithms have been employed to solve different types of problems in the area of computer vision; however, most of them require a great amount of training data and tend to struggle in few-shot learning tasks. On the other hand, those methods designed for few-shot learning usually face the difficulty that once one or more samples show a relatively large bias, the predicted result may be much less reliable due to the fact that the sample will cause a large shift of class-level features during few-shot learning. To solve this problem, this paper presents a novel and Iterative Feature Selection Mechanism (IFSM) for few-shot image classification, which can be applied to lots of metric-based few-shot learners.
IFSM learns to construct a more feasible class-level feature which is less affected by samples with relatively large biases, using an iterative approach. The proposed mechanism is tested on three previous state-of-the-art few-shot learning methods, and the experimental results show that the proposed mechanism considerably improves (by 1% to 2%) the image classification accuracies of both methods on the miniImagenet, tieredImagenet or CUB benchmarks in 5-way 5-shot tasks. This approves the effectiveness and generality of the proposed mechanism.


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The Application of Capsule Neural Network Based CNN for Speech emotion recognition

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Mood Detection Analyzing Lyrics and Audio Signal Based on Deep Learning Architectures

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