Italy

Intersection scenarios provide the most complex trafﬁc situations in Autonomous Driving and Driving Assistance Systems. Knowing where to stop in advance in an intersection is an essential parameter in controlling the longitudinal velocity of the vehicle. Most of the existing methods in literature solely use cameras to detect stop lines, which is typically not sufﬁcient in terms of detection range. To address this issue, we propose a method that takes advantage of fused multi-sensory data including stereo camera and lidar as input and utilizes a carefully designed convolutional neural network architecture to detect stop lines. Our experiments show that the proposed approach can improve detection range compared to camera data alone, works under heavy occlusion without observing the ground markings explicitly, is able to predict stop lines for all lanes and allows detection at a distance up to 50 meters.

ICPR 2020

Holistic Grid Fusion Based Stop Line Estimation


sensor fusion

autonomous driving

convolutional neural network

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


technical paper

Modern Convolutional Neural Networks~(CNNs) have been improving the accuracy of person re-identification (re-id) using a large number of training samples.
Such a re-id system suffers from a lack of training samples for deployment to practical security applications. To address this problem, we focus on the approach that transfers features of a CNN pre-trained on a large-scale person re-id dataset to a small-scale dataset. Most of the existing CNN feature transfer methods use the features of fully connected layers that entangle locally pooled features of different spatial locations on an image. 
Unfortunately, due to the difference of view angles and the bias of walking directions of the persons, each camera view in a dataset has a unique spatial property in the person image, which reduces the generality of the local pooling for different cameras/datasets. 
To account for the camera- and dataset-specific spatial bias, we propose a method to learn camera and dataset-specific position weight maps for discriminative local pooling of convolutional features. 
Our experiments on four public datasets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed feature transfer with a small number of training samples in the target datasets.


Convolutional Feature Transfer via Camera-Specific Discriminative Pooling for Person Re-Identification

We present a Multi-Features Siamese Tracker (MFST), a novel tracking algorithm exploiting several hierarchical feature maps for robust deep similarity tracking. Since Convolutional layers provide several abstraction levels in characterizing an object, fusing hierarchical features allows to ensure a richer and more efficient representation. Moreover, we handle the target appearance variation by calibrating deep features extracted from two different CNN models. Based on this advanced feature representation, our method achieves high tracking accuracy, while outperforming standard Siamese trackers on object tracking benchmarks.

MFST: Multi-Features Siamese Tracker

We propose an approach for explicitly capturing context in object detection. We model visual and geometric relationships between object regions, but also model the global scene as a first-class participant. In contrast to prior approaches, both the context we rely on, as well as our proposed mechanism for belief propagation over regions, are lightweight. We also experiment with capturing similarities between regions at a semantic level, by modeling class co-occurrence and linguistic similarity between class names. We show that our approach significantly outperforms Faster R-CNN, and performs competitively with a much more costly approach that also models context.

Context for Object Detection via Lightweight Global and Mid-level Representations


we propose a novel framework for multi-image co-segmentation using class agnostic meta-learning strategy by generalizing to new classes given only a small number of training samples for each new class. We have developed a novel encoder-decoder network termed as DVICE (Directed Variational Inference Cross Encoder), which learns a continuous embedding space to ensure better similarity learning. We employ a combination of the proposed DVICE network and a novel few-shot learning approach to tackle the small sample size problem encountered in co-segmentation with small datasets like iCoseg and MSRC. Furthermore, the proposed framework does not use any semantic class labels and is entirely class agnostic. Through exhaustive experimentation over multiple datasets using only a small volume of training data, we have demonstrated that our approach outperforms all existing state-of-the-art techniques.

Directed Variational Cross-encoder Network for Few-shot Multi-image 
Co-segmentation


This paper studies the problem of Person Re-Identification (ReID)
for large-scale applications. Recent research efforts have been devoted
to building complicated part models, which introduce considerably
high computational cost and memory consumption, inhibiting its practicability
in large-scale applications. This paper aims to develop a novel learning
strategy to find efficient feature embeddings while maintaining the
balance of accuracy and model complexity. More specifically, we find
by enhancing the classical triplet loss together with cross-entropy
loss, our method can explore the hard examples and build a discriminant
feature embedding yet compact enough for large-scale applications.
Our method is carried out progressively using Bayesian optimization,
and we call it the Progressive Learning Algorithm (PLA). Extensive
experiments on three large-scale datasets show that our PLA is comparable
or better than the state-of-the-arts. Especially, on the challenging
Market-1501 dataset, we achieve Rank-1=94.7%/mAP=89.4% while saving
at least 30\% parameters than strong part models.

What nodes vote to? Graph classification without readout phase

In this presentation, we propose a novel framework called “deep photo relighting” (DPR) that can transform the lighting condition of an image for a virtual test of image detection/classification algorithm, city environment design, and data augmentation for machine learning. DPR has two keypoints for transforming one lighting condition to another one by DNN. One is that we can support all factors that affect the lighting conditions by using 2D and 3D information. The other keypoint is that we can reproduce indirect influences from outside the frame. As a result, DPR can generate relighting image without fatal artifacts such an unnatural shading/shadows of objects. In experiments, we confirmed that a generated image is well reproduced compared with the ground truth image. We also confirmed that shadows, which occur inside and outside the frame through obstacles, are properly added/deleted in the generated image compared with the ground truth image.

Deep Photo Relighting by Integrating Both 2D and 3D Lighting Information

Few-shot Learning (FSL) which aims to learn from few labeled training data is becoming a popular research topic, due to the expensive labeling cost in many real-world applications. One kind of successful FSL method learns to compare the testing (query) image and training (support) image by simply concatenating the features of two images and feeding it into the neural network. However, with few labeled data in each class, the neural network has difficulty in learning or comparing the local features of two images. Such simple image-level comparison may cause serious mis-classification. To solve this problem, we propose Augmented Bi-path Network (ABNet) for learning to compare both global and local features on multi-scales. Specifically, the salient patches are extracted and embedded as the local features for every image. Then, the model learns to augment the features for better robustness. Finally, the model learns to compare global and local features separately, i.e., in two paths, before merging the similarities. Extensive experiments show that the proposed ABNet outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Both quantitative and visual ablation studies are provided to verify that the proposed modules lead to more precise comparison results.

Augmented Bi-path Network for Few-shot Learning

Instance segmentation and panoptic segmentation
is being paid more and more attention in recent years. In
comparison with bounding box based object detection and
semantic segmentation, instance segmentation can provide more
analytical results at pixel level. Given the insight that pixels
belonging to one instance have one or more common attributes of
current instance, we bring up an one-stage instance segmentation
network named Common Attribute Support Network (CASNet),
which realizes instance segmentation by predicting and clustering
common attributes. CASNet is designed in the manner of fully
convolutional and can implement training and inference from
end to end. And CASNet manages predicting the instance
without overlaps and holes, which problem exists in most of
current instance segmentation algorithms. Furthermore, it can
be easily extended to panoptic segmentation through minor
modifications with little computation overhead. CASNet builds a
bridge between semantic and instance segmentation from finding
pixel class ID to obtaining class and instance ID by operations
on common attribute. Through experiment for instance and
panoptic segmentation, CASNet gets mAP 32.8% and PQ 59.0%
on Cityscapes validation dataset by joint training, and mAP
36.3% and PQ 66.1% by separated training mode. For panoptic
segmentation, CASNet gets state-of-the-art performance on the
Cityscapes validation dataset

CASNet: Common Attribute Support Network for image instance and panoptic segmentation

In unsupervised feature learning, sample specificity based methods ignore the inter-class information, which deteriorates the discriminative capability of representation models. Clustering based methods are error-prone to explore the complete class boundary information due to the inevitable class inconsistent samples in each cluster. In this work, we propose a novel clustering based method, which, by iteratively excluding class inconsistent samples during progressive cluster formation, alleviates the impact of noise samples in a simple-yet-effective manner. Our approach, referred to as Progressive Cluster Purification (PCP), implements progressive clustering by gradually reducing the number of clusters during training, while the sizes of clusters continuously expand consistently with the growth of model representation capability. With a well-designed cluster purification mechanism, it further purifies clusters by filtering noise samples which facilitate the subsequent feature learning by utilizing the refined clusters as pseudo-labels. Experiments on commonly used benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed PCP improves baseline method with significant margins.

Progressive Cluster Purification for Unsupervised Feature Learning


Undersampled reconstruction in resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) holds the potential to enable higher spatial resolution in brain R-fMRI without increasing scan duration. We propose a novel approach to reconstruct k-t undersampled R-fMRI relying on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) framework. The architecture of our CNN framework comprises a novel scheme for R-fMRI reconstruction that jointly learns two multilayer CNN components for (i) explicitly filling in missing k-space data, using acquired data in frequency-temporal neighborhoods, and (ii) image quality enhancement in the spatiotemporal domain. The architecture sandwiches the Fourier transformation from the frequency domain to the spatial domain between the two aforementioned CNN components, during, both, CNN learning and inference. We propose four methods within our framework, including a Bayesian CNN that produces uncertainty maps indicating the per-voxel (and per-timepoint) confidence in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) time-series reconstruction. Results on brain R-fMRI show that our CNN framework improves over the state of the art, quantitatively and qualitatively, in terms of the connectivity maps for three cerebral functional networks.

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Holistic Grid Fusion Based Stop Line Estimation