Italy

Reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning which recently has been applied in a variety of domains. A lot of challenging problems such as playing Atari video games, controlling robotics and many other fields have been solved in past few years. But when it comes to multi-agent environment, there remains much more complex challenges due to the some multiagent pathologies such as the environment non-stationary problem, curse of dimensionality, credit assignment problem and relative overgeneralization. Inspired by the application of attention mechanism in machine translation and other related domains, we propose an attention based approach called attention value decomposition network (AVD-Net), which capitalizes on the coordination relations between agents.

ICPR 2020

AVD-Net: Attention Value Decomposition Network For Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

multi-agent

attention

reinforcement learning

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


poster


Degraded document image binarization is one of the most challenging tasks in the domain of document image analysis. In this paper, we present a novel approach towards document image binarization by introducing three-player min-max adversarial game. We train the network in an unsupervised setup by assuming that we do not have any paired-training data. In our approach, an Adversarial Texture Augmentation Network (ATANet) first superimposes the texture of a degraded reference image over a clean image. Later, the clean image along with its generated degraded version constitute the pseudo paired-data which is used to train the Unsupervised Document Binarization Network (UDBNet). Following this approach, we have enlarged the document binarization datasets as it generates multiple images having same content feature but different textual feature. These generated noisy images are then fed into the UDBNet to get back the clean version. The joint discriminator which is the third-player of our three-player min-max adversarial game tries to couple both the ATANet and UDBNet. The three-player min-max adversarial game stops, when the distributions modelled by the ATANet and the UDBNet align to the same joint distribution over time. Thus, the joint discriminator enforces the UDBNet to perform better on real degraded image. The experimental results indicate the superior performance of the proposed model over existing state-of-the-art algorithm on widely used DIBCO datasets.

UDBNET: Unsupervised Document Binarization Network via Adversarial Game

In this work, we propose a long-term RGBD trackerthat achieves state-of-the-art performance on the PrincetonRGBD, STC and CDTB datasets and runs nearly real-time(20fps). The tracker is based on non-stationary formulation of the deep Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF). The DCFfeature channels are modulated by the depth context in eachlocation which makes the tracker robust against occlusion andbackground clutter. Moreover, the non-stationary DCF also performs well in target re-detection enabling long-term tracking.

DAL: A Deep Depth-Aware Long-term Tracker


We present FourierNet, a single shot, anchor-free, fully convolutional instance segmentation method that predicts a shape vector. Consequently, this shape vector is converted into the masks’ contour points using a fast numerical transform. Compared to previous methods, we introduce a new training technique, where we utilize a differentiable shape decoder, which manages the automatic weight balancing of the shape vector’s coefficients. We used the Fourier series as a shape encoder because of its coefficient interpretability and fast implementation.
FourierNet shows promising results compared to polygon representation methods, achieving 30.6 mAP on the MS COCO 2017 benchmark. At lower image resolutions, it runs at 26.6 FPS with 24.3 mAP. It reaches 23.3 mAP using just eight parameters to represent the mask (note that at least four parameters are needed
for bounding box prediction only). Qualitative analysis shows that suppressing a reasonable proportion of higher frequencies of Fourier series, still generates meaningful masks. These results validate our understanding that lower frequency components hold higher information for the segmentation task, and therefore, we can achieve a compressed representation. Code is available at github.com/cogsys-tuebingen/FourierNet.

FourierNet: Compact Mask Representation for Instance Segmentation Using Differentiable Shape Decoders

Getting deep convolutional neural networks to per- form well requires a large amount of training data. When the available labelled data is small, it is often beneficial to use transfer learning to leverage a related larger dataset (source) in order to improve the performance on the small dataset (target). Among the transfer learning approaches, domain adaptation methods assume that distributions between the two domains are shifted and attempt to realign them. In this paper, we consider the domain adaptation problem from the perspective of multi-view graph embedding and dimensionality reduction. Instead of solving the generalised eigenvalue problem to perform the embedding, we formulate the graph-preserving criterion as a loss in the neural network and learn a domain-invariant feature transformation in an end-to-end fashion. We show that the proposed approach leads to a powerful Domain Adaptation framework which generalises the prior methods CCSA and d- SNE, and enables simple and effective loss designs; an LDA- inspired instantiation of the framework leads to performance on par with the state-of-the-art on the most widely used Domain Adaptation benchmarks, Office31 and MNIST to USPS datasets.

Supervised Domain Adaptation using Graph Embedding

Most state of the art object detectors output multiple detections per object. The duplicates are removed in a post-processing step called Non-Maximum Suppression. Classical Non-Maximum Suppression has shortcomings in scenes that contain objects with high overlap: This heuristic assumes that a high overlap between two bounding boxes corresponds to a high probability of one being a duplicate.
We propose FeatureNMS to solve this problem. FeatureNMS recognizes duplicates not only based on the intersection over union between the bounding boxes, but also based on the difference of feature vectors. These feature vectors can encode more information like visual appearance. Our approach outperforms classical NMS and derived approaches and achieves state of the art performance.

FeatureNMS: Non-Maximum Suppression by Learning Feature Embeddings

Unsupervised image-to-image translation is an inherently ill-posed problem. Recent methods based on deep encoder-decoder architectures have shown impressive results, but we show that they only succeed due to a strong locality bias, and they fail to learn very simple nonlocal transformations (e.g. mapping upside down faces to upright faces). When the locality bias is removed, the methods are too powerful and may fail to learn simple local transformations. In this paper we introduce linear encoder-decoder architectures for unsupervised image to image translation. We show that learning is much easier and faster with these architectures and yet the results are surprisingly effective. In particular, we show a number of local problems for which the results of the linear methods are comparable to those of state-of-the-art architectures but with a fraction of the training time, and a number of nonlocal problems for which the state-of-the-art fails while linear methods succeed.

The Surprising Effectiveness of Linear Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation

Extracting features containing both high-resolution and high-level-semantic information is important for human pose estimation, while most existing methods of extracting high-resolution high-level-semantic features suffer from spatial information loss or semantic information mismatch. To efficiently address these issues, we propose a novel Dilation Pyramid Module (DPM), which can enlarge the receptive field multiplicatively to achieve high-level-semantic information as subsampling without reducing spatial resolution. DPM is composed of several consecutive dilated convolution layers of which dilation radius is specially designed to enlarge the receptive field multiplicatively and avoid the gridding issue of dilated convolution. Based on DPM, the Dilation Pyramid Net (DPN) is proposed to efficiently extract high-resolution high-level-semantic features. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed DPN
with comparable performance to the state-of-the-art methods over two challenging benchmark datasets: the COCO keypoint detection dataset and the MPII Human Pose dataset.

Efficient High-Resolution High-Level-Semantic Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimation


Sound event recognition systems are rapidly becoming part of our life, since they can be profitably used in several vertical markets, ranging from audio security applications to scene classification and multi-modal analysis in social robotics. In the last years, a not negligible part of the scientific community started to apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to image-based representations of the audio stream, due to their successful adoption in almost all the computer vision tasks.
In this paper, we carry out a detailed benchmark of various widely used CNN architectures and visual representations on a popular dataset, namely the MIVIA Audio Events database. Our analysis is aimed at understanding how these factors affect the sound event recognition performance with a particular focus on the false positive rate, very relevant in audio surveillance solutions. In fact, although most of the proposed solutions achieve a high recognition rate, the capability of distinguishing the events-of-interest from the background is often not yet sufficient for real systems, and prevent its usage in real applications. Our comprehensive experimental analysis investigates this aspect and allows to identify useful design guidelines for increasing the specificity of sound event recognition systems.

Which are the factors affecting the performance of audio surveillance systems?

This paper proposes an attentional network for the task of Continuous Sign Language Recognition. The proposed approach exploits co-independent streams of data to model the sign language modalities. These different channels of information
can share a complex temporal structure between each other. For that reason, we apply attention to synchronize and help capture entangled dependencies between the different sign language components. Even though Sign Language is multi-channel, handshapes represent the central entities in sign interpretation. Seeing handshapes in their correct context defines the meaning of a sign. Taking that into account, we utilize the attention mechanism to efficiently aggregate the hand features with their appropriate spatio-temporal context for better sign recognition.
We found that by doing so the model is able to identify the essential Sign Language components that revolve around the dominant hand and the face areas. We test our model on the benchmark dataset RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather 2014, yielding
competitive results.

Context Matters: Self-Attention for Sign Language Recognition

We introduce TAS500, a novel semantic segmentation dataset for autonomous
driving in unstructured outdoor environments. Using TAS500 as our training
dataset, we study how a more fine-grained labeling policy affects the overall
performance of the semantic segmentation.

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AVD-Net: Attention Value Decomposition Network For Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

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