Italy


This paper studies the problem of Person Re-Identification (ReID)
for large-scale applications. Recent research efforts have been devoted
to building complicated part models, which introduce considerably
high computational cost and memory consumption, inhibiting its practicability
in large-scale applications. This paper aims to develop a novel learning
strategy to find efficient feature embeddings while maintaining the
balance of accuracy and model complexity. More specifically, we find
by enhancing the classical triplet loss together with cross-entropy
loss, our method can explore the hard examples and build a discriminant
feature embedding yet compact enough for large-scale applications.
Our method is carried out progressively using Bayesian optimization,
and we call it the Progressive Learning Algorithm (PLA). Extensive
experiments on three large-scale datasets show that our PLA is comparable
or better than the state-of-the-arts. Especially, on the challenging
Market-1501 dataset, we achieve Rank-1=94.7%/mAP=89.4% while saving
at least 30\% parameters than strong part models.

ICPR 2020

On the Information of Feature Maps and Pruning of Deep Neural Networks

feature maps

deep neural compression

mutual information

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


poster

Person re-identification (reid) aims at matching pedestrians observed from non-overlapping camera views. It has important applications in surveillance video analysis such as human retrieval, human tracking and activity analysis. Although a large number of effective feature learning and distance metric optimizing approaches have been proposed, it still suffers from pedestrian appearance variations caused by pose changing. Most of the previous methods address this problem by learning a pose-invariant descriptor subspace. In this paper, we propose a pose variation adaptation method for person reid. It can reduce the probability of deep learning network over-fitting. Specifically, we introduce a pose transfer generative adversarial network with a similarity measurement module. With the learned pose transfer model, training images can be transferred to any given poses, and with the original images, forming an augmented training dataset. It increases data diversity against over-fitting. In contrast to previous GAN-based methods, we consider the influence of pose variations on similarity measures to generate shaper and more realistic samples for person reid. Besides, we optimize hard example mining to introduce a novel manner of samples used with the learned pose transfer model. It focuses on the inferior samples which are caused by pose variations to increase the number of effective hard examples for learning discriminative features and improving the generalization ability. We extensively conduct comparative evaluations to demonstrate the advantages and superiorities of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art person reid approaches on Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID.

Pose Variation Adaptation for Person Re-identification

Eye movements are intricate and dynamic events that contain a wealth of information about the subject and the stimuli. We propose an abstract representation of eye movements that preserve the important nuances in gaze behavior while being stimuli-agnostic. We consider eye movements as raw position and velocity signals and train separate deep temporal convolutional autoencoders. The autoencoders learn micro-scale and macro-scale representations that correspond to the fast and slow features of eye movements. We evaluate the joint representations with a linear classifier fitted on various classification tasks. Our work accurately discriminates between gender and age groups and outperforms previous works on biometrics and stimuli classification. Further experiments highlight the validity and generalizability of this method, bringing eye-tracking research closer to real-world applications.

GazeMAE: General Representations of Eye Movements using a Micro-Macro Autoencoder

Face Image retrieval is one of the key research directions in computer vision field. Thanks to the rapid development of deep neural network in recent years, deep hashing has achieved good performance in the field of image retrieval. But for largescale face image retrieval, the performance needs to be further improved. In this paper, we propose Deep Face Hashing with GAN (DFH-GAN), a novel deep hashing method for face image retrieval, which mainly consists of three components: a generator network for generating synthesized images, a discriminator network with a shared CNN to learn multi-domain face feature, and a hash encoding network to generate compact binary hash codes. The generator network is used to perform data augmentation so that the model could learn from both real images and diverse synthesized images. We adopt a two-stage training strategy. In the first stage, the GAN is trained to generate fake images, while in the second stage, to make the network convergence faster. The model inherits the trained shared CNN of discriminator to train the DFH model by using many different supervised loss functions not only in the last layer but also in the middle layer of the network. Extensive experiments on two widely used datasets demonstrate that DFH-GAN can generate high-quality binary hash codes and exceed the performance of the state-of-the-art model greatly.

DFH-GAN: A Deep Face Hashing with Generative Adversarial Network

Noisy labels are an unavoidable consequence of labeling processes and detecting them is an important step towards preventing performance degradations in Convolutional Neural Networks. Discarding noisy labels avoids a harmful memorization, while the associated image content can still be exploited in a semi-supervised learning (SSL) setup. Clean samples are usually identified using the small loss trick, i.e. they exhibit a low loss. However, we show that different noise distributions make the application of this trick less straightforward and propose to continuously relabel all images to reveal a discriminative loss against multiple distributions. SSL is then applied twice, once to improve the clean-noisy detection and again for training the final model. We design an experimental setup based on ImageNet32/64 for better understanding the consequences of representation learning with differing label noise distributions and find that non-uniform out-of-distribution noise better resembles real-world noise and that in most cases intermediate features are not affected by label noise corruption. Experiments in CIFAR-10/100, ImageNet32/64 and WebVision (real-world noise) demonstrate that the proposed label noise Distribution Robust Pseudo-Labeling (DRPL) approach gives substantial improvements over recent state-of-the-art. Code is available at https://git.io/JJ0PV.

Towards Robust Learning with Different Label Noise Distributions


Super-resolution aims at increasing the resolution and
level of detail within an image. The current state of the
art in general single-image super-resolution is held
by nESRGAN+,which injects a Gaussian noise after each
residual layer at training time. In this paper, we harness
evolutionary methods to improve nESRGAN+ by optimizing the
noise injection at inference time. More precisely, we use
Diagonal CMA to optimize the injected noise according to a
novel criterion combining quality assessment and realism.
Our results are validated by the PIRM perceptual score and
a human study. Our method outperforms nESRGAN+ on several
standard super-resolution datasets. More generally, our
approach can be used to optimize any method based on noise
injection.

Tarsier: Evolving Noise Injection in Super-Resolution GANs

In this paper, we study the adversarial examples existence and adversarial training from the standpoint of convergence and provide evidence that pointwise convergence in ANNs can explain these observations. The main contribution of our proposal is that it relates the objective of the evasion attacks and adversarial training with concepts already defined in learning theory. Also, we extend and unify some of the other proposals in the literature and provide alternative explanations on the observations made in those proposals. Through different experiments, we demonstrate that the framework is valuable in the study of the phenomenon and is applicable to real-world problems.

Towards Explaining Adversarial Examples Phenomenon in Artificial Neural Networks

Real-time semantic segmentation is a challenging task as both segmentation accuracy and inference speed need to be considered at the same time. In this paper, we present a Dual Context Network (DCNet) to address this challenge. It contains two independent sub-networks: Region Context Network and Pixel Context Network. Region Context Network is main network with low-resolution input and feature re-weighting module to achieve sufficient receptive field. Meanwhile, Pixel Context Network with location attention module to capture the location dependencies of each pixel for assisting the main network to recover spatial detail. A contextual feature fusion is introduced to combine output features of these two sub-networks. The experiments show that DCNet can achieve high-quality segmentation while keeping a high speed. Specifically, for Cityscapes test dataset, we achieve 76.1% Mean IOU with the speed of 82 FPS on a single GTX 2080Ti GPU when using ResNet50 as backbone, and 71.2% Mean IOU with the speed of 142 FPS when using ResNet18 as backbone.

Real-time Semantic Segmentation via Region and Pixel Context Network


Obstacle avoidance and environment sensing are crucial
applications in autonomous driving and robotics. Among all
types of sensors, RGB camera is widely used in these
applications as it can offer rich visual contents with
relatively low-cost, and using a single image to perform
depth estimation has become one of the main focuses in
resent research works. However, prior works usually rely on
highly complicated computation and power-consuming GPU to
achieve such task; therefore, we focus on developing a
real-time light-weight system for depth prediction in this
paper. Based on the well-known encoder-decoder
architecture, we propose a supervised learning-based CNN
with detachable decoders that produce depth predictions
with different scales. We also formulate a novel log-depth
loss function that computes the difference of predicted
depth map and ground truth depth map in log space, so as to
increase the prediction accuracy for nearby locations. To
train our model efficiently, we generate depth map and
semantic segmentation with complex teacher models. Via a
series of ablation studies and experiments, it is validated
that our model can efficiently performs real-time depth
prediction with only 0.32M parameters, with the best
trained model outperforms previous works on KITTI dataset
for various evaluation matrices.

Real-time Monocular Depth Estimation withExtremely Light-Weight Neural Network


We address a challenging problem: recognizing mul- tiple text sequences from an image by pure end-to-end learning. It is twofold: 1) Multiple text sequences recognition. Each image may contain multiple text sequences of different content, location and orientation, we try to recognize all these texts in the image. 2) Pure end-to-end (PEE) learning. We solve the problem in a pure end-to-end learning way where each training image is labeled by only text transcripts of the contained sequences, without any geometric annotations.

Recognizing Multiple Text Sequences from an Image by Pure End-To-End Learning

Face recognition has been widely accepted as a means of identification in applications ranging from border control to security in the banking sector. Surprisingly, while widely accepted, we still lack the understanding of uniqueness or distinctiveness of faces as biometric modality. In this work, we study the impact of factors such as image resolution, feature representation, database size, age and gender on uniqueness denoted by the Kullback-Leibler divergence between genuine and impostor distributions. Towards understanding the impact, we present experimental results on the datasets AT&T, LFW, IMDb-Face, as well as ND-TWINS, with the feature extraction algorithms VGGFace, VGG16, ResNet50, InceptionV3, MobileNet and DenseNet121, that reveal the quantitative impact of the named factors. While these are early results, our findings indicate the need for a better understanding of the concept of biometric uniqueness and its implication on face recognition.

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Pose Variation Adaptation for Person Re-identification

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