Italy


In this work, we aim to estimate 3D bounding boxes by voting to object centers and then groups and aggregates the votes to generate 3D box proposals and semantic classes of objects. However, due to the sparse and unstructured nature of the point clouds, we face some challenges when directly predicting the bounding box from the vote feature: the sparse vote feature may lack some necessary semantic and context information. To address the challenges, we propose a vote feature enhancement
network that aims to encode semantic-aware information and aggravate global context for the vote feature. Specifically, we learn the point-wise semantic information and supplement it to the vote feature, and we also encode the pairwise relations to collect the global context. Experiments on two large datasets of real 3D scans, ScanNet and SUN RGB-D, demonstrate that our method can achieve excellent 3D detection results.

ICPR 2020

Enhanced Vote Network for 3D Object Detection in Point Clouds

3d point cloud

object detection

deep learning

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


poster


Local binary pattern (LBP) based descriptors have shown effectiveness for texture classification. However, most of them encode the intensity relationships between neighboring pixels and a central pixel into binary forms, thereby failing to capture the complete ordering information among neighbors. Several methods have explored intensity order information for feature description, but they do not address the grayscale-inversion problem. In this paper, we propose an image descriptor called local grouped invariant order pattern (LGIOP) for grayscale-inversion and rotation invariant texture classification. Our LGIOP is a histogram representation which jointly encodes neighboring order information and central pixels. In particular, two new order encoding methods, i.e., intensity order encoding and distance order encoding, are proposed to describe the neighboring relationships. These two order encoding methods are not only complementary but also invariant to grayscale-inversion and rotation changes. Experiments for texture classification demonstrate that the proposed LGIOP descriptor is robust to (linear or nonlinear) grayscale inversion and image rotation.

Local Grouped Invariant Order Pattern for Grayscale-Inversion and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification

Robust Mask R-CNN (Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network) methods are proposed and tested for automatic detection of cracks on structures or their components that may be damaged during extreme events, such as earthquakes. We curated a new dataset with 2,021 labeled images for training and validation and aimed to find end-to-end deep neural networks for crack detection in the field. With data augmentation and parameters fine-tuning, Path Aggregation Network (PANet) with spatial attention mechanisms and High-resolution Network (HRNet) are introduced into Mask R-CNNs. The tests on three public datasets with low- or high-resolution images demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve a big improvement over alternative networks, so the proposed method may be sufficient for crack detection for a variety of scales in real applications.

End-to-end Deep Learning Methods for Automated Damage Detection in Extreme Events at Various Scales



A fusion of LiDAR and cameras have been widely used in many robotics applications such as classification, segmentation, object detection, and autonomous driving. It is essential that the LiDAR sensor can measure distances accurately, which is a good complement to the cameras. Hence, calibrating sensors before deployment is a mandatory step. The conventional methods include checkerboards, specific patterns, or human labeling, which is trivial and human-labor extensive if we do the same calibration process every time. The main purpose of this research work is to build a deep neural network that is capable of automatically finding the geometric transformation between LiDAR and cameras. The results show that our model manages to find the transformations from randomly sampled artificial errors. Besides, our work is open-sourced for the community to fully utilize the advances of the methodology for developing more the approach, initiating collaboration, and innovation in the topic.

NetCalib: A Novel Approach for LiDAR-Camera Auto-calibration Based on Deep Learning

This paper proposes two novel convolutional neural networks for 3D object classification, tailored to process point clouds that are composed of planar slices (profiles). In particular, the application that we are targeting is the classification of vehicles by scanning them along planes perpendicular to the driving direction, within the context of Electronic Toll Collection. Depending on sensors configurations, the distance between slices can be measured or not, thus resulting in two types of point
clouds, namely metric and non-metric. In the latter case, two coordinates are indeed metric but the third one is merely a temporal index. Our networks, named SliceNets, extract metric information from the spatial coordinates and neighborhood information from the third one (either metric or temporal), thus being able to handle both types of point clouds. Experiments on two datasets collected in the field show the effectiveness of our networks in comparison with state-of-the-art ones.

Vehicle Classification from Profile Measures

Short-range motion features and long-range dependencies are two complementary and vital cues for action recognition in videos, but it remains unclear how to efficiently and effectively extract these two features. In this paper, we propose a novel network to capture these two features in a unified 2D framework. Specifically, we first construct a Short-range Temporal Interchange (STI) block, which contains a Channels-wise Temporal Interchange (CTI) module for encoding short-range motion features. Then a Graph-based Regional Interchange (GRI) module is built to present long-range dependencies using graph convolution. Finally, we replace original bottleneck blocks in the ResNet with STI blocks and insert several GRI modules between STI blocks, to form a Multi-range Feature Interchange (MFI) Network. Practically, extensive experiments are conducted on three action recognition datasets (i.e., Something-Something V1, HMDB51, and UCF101), which demonstrate that the proposed MFI network achieves impressive results with very limited

MFI: Multi-range Feature Interchange for Video Action Recognition


The analysis of axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes is a primary prognostic factor for the staging of breast cancer. However, due to the size of lymph nodes and the low resolution of PET data, their segmentation is challenging. We investigate the relevance of considering axillary and supraclavicular lymph node segmentation from PET/CT images by coupling Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Component-Trees (C-Trees). Building upon the U-Net architecture, we propose a framework that couples a multi-modal U-Net fed with PET and CT, coupled with a hierarchical model obtained from the PET that provides additional high-level region-based features as input channels. Our working hypotheses are twofold. First, we take advantage of both anatomical information from CT for detecting the nodes, and functional information from PET for detecting the pathological ones. Second, we consider region-based attributes extracted from C-Tree analysis of 3D PET/CT images to improve the CNN segmentation. We carried out experiments on a dataset of 240 pathological lymph nodes from 52 patients scans, and compared our outputs with human expert-defined ground-truth, leading to promising results.

Segmentation of Axillary and Supraclavicular Tumoral Lymph Nodes in PET/CT: A Hybrid CNN/Component-Tree Approach

Continuous learning seeks to perform the learning on the data that arrives from time to time. While prior works have demonstrated several possible solutions, these approaches require excessive training time as well as memory usage. This is impractical for applications where time and storage are constrained, such as edge computing. In this work, a novel training algorithm, regularized subspace approximation classifier (RSAC), is proposed to achieve lightweight continuous learning. RSAC contains a feature reduction module and classifier module with regularization. Extensive experiments show that RSAC is more efficient than prior continuous learning works and outperforms these works on various experimental settings.

RSAC: Regularized Subspace ApproximationClassifier for Lightweight Continuous Learning

Charts are commonly used for data visualization.
One common form of chart distribution is in its image form. To
enable machine comprehension of chart images, precise detection
of chart components in chart images is a critical step. Existing
image object detection methods do not perform well in chart
component detection which requires high boundary detection
precision. And traditional rule-based approaches lack enough
generalization ability. In order to address this problem, we design
a novel two-stage object detection framework that combines
point-based and region-based ideas, by simulating the process
that human creating bounding boxes for objects. The experiment
on our labeled ChartDet dataset shows our method greatly
improves the performance of chart object detection. We further
extend our method to a general object detection task and get
comparable performance.


Hybrid Cascade Point Search Network for High Precision


Natural Language Inference, and specifically Contradiction Detection, is still an unexplored topic with respect to German text. In this paper, we apply Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) methods to learn contradiction-specific sentence embeddings. Our data set for evaluation is a machine-translated version of the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus. The results are compared to a baseline using unsupervised vectorization techniques, namely tf-idf and Flair, as well as state-of-the art transformer-based (MBERT) methods. We find that the end-to-end models outperform the models trained on unsupervised embeddings, which makes them the better choice in an empirical use case. The RNN methods also perform superior to MBERT on the translated data set.

Tackling Contradiction Detection in GermanUsing Machine Translation and End-to-EndRecurrent Neural Networks


This paper studies the problem of Person Re-Identification (ReID)
for large-scale applications. Recent research efforts have been devoted
to building complicated part models, which introduce considerably
high computational cost and memory consumption, inhibiting its practicability
in large-scale applications. This paper aims to develop a novel learning
strategy to find efficient feature embeddings while maintaining the
balance of accuracy and model complexity. More specifically, we find
by enhancing the classical triplet loss together with cross-entropy
loss, our method can explore the hard examples and build a discriminant
feature embedding yet compact enough for large-scale applications.
Our method is carried out progressively using Bayesian optimization,
and we call it the Progressive Learning Algorithm (PLA). Extensive
experiments on three large-scale datasets show that our PLA is comparable
or better than the state-of-the-arts. Especially, on the challenging
Market-1501 dataset, we achieve Rank-1=94.7%/mAP=89.4% while saving
at least 30\% parameters than strong part models.

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Local Grouped Invariant Order Pattern for Grayscale-Inversion and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification

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