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Any high-dimensional data arising from practical applications usually contains irrelevant features that may impact on the performance of existing subspace
clustering methods. This paper proposes a novel subspace clustering method which reconstructs the feature matrix by the means of unsupervised feature selection (UFS) to achieve a better dictionary for subspace clustering (SC). Different from most existing clustering methods, the proposed approach uses the reconstructed feature matrix as the dictionary rather than the original data matrix. As the feature matrix reconstructed by representative features is more discriminative and closer to the ground-truth, it results in improved performance. The corresponding non-convex optimization problem is effectively solved using the half-quadratic and augmented Lagrange multiplier methods. Extensive experiments on four real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ICPR 2020

Subspace Clustering via Joint Unsupervised Feature Selection

half-quadratic

feature matrix

unsupervised feature selection

subspace clustering

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


poster


This paper studies the problem of Person Re-Identification (ReID)
for large-scale applications. Recent research efforts have been devoted
to building complicated part models, which introduce considerably
high computational cost and memory consumption, inhibiting its practicability
in large-scale applications. This paper aims to develop a novel learning
strategy to find efficient feature embeddings while maintaining the
balance of accuracy and model complexity. More specifically, we find
by enhancing the classical triplet loss together with cross-entropy
loss, our method can explore the hard examples and build a discriminant
feature embedding yet compact enough for large-scale applications.
Our method is carried out progressively using Bayesian optimization,
and we call it the Progressive Learning Algorithm (PLA). Extensive
experiments on three large-scale datasets show that our PLA is comparable
or better than the state-of-the-arts. Especially, on the challenging
Market-1501 dataset, we achieve Rank-1=94.7%/mAP=89.4% while saving
at least 30\% parameters than strong part models.

A Multi-Task Neural Network for Action Recognition with 3D Key-Points


Signal Generation using 1d Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks for Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Machines


The main topic of this work is on the detection of counterfeit documents and especially banknotes. We propose an end-to-end learning model using a deep learning approach based on Adapnet++ which manages feature extraction at multiple scale levels using several residual units. Unlike previous models based on regions of interest (ROI) and high-resolution documents, our network is feed with simple input images (i.e., a single patch) and we do not need high resolution images. Besides, discriminative regions can be visualized at different scales. Our network learns by itself which regions of interest predict the better results. Experimental results show that we are competitive compared with the state-of-the-art and our deep neural network has good ability to generalize and can be applied to other kind of documents like identity or administrative one.

Documents Counterfeit Detection Through a Deep Learning Approach

The garment transfer problem comprises two tasks: learning to separate a person's body (pose, shape, color) from their clothing (garment type, shape, style) and then generating new images of the wearer dressed in arbitrary garments. We present GarmentGAN, a new algorithm that performs image-based garment transfer through generative adversarial methods. The GarmentGAN framework allows users to virtually try-on items before purchase and generalizes to various apparel types. GarmentGAN takes two images as input: a picture of the target fashion item and an image containing the customer. The output is a synthetic image wherein the customer is wearing the target apparel. To make the generated image look photo-realistic, we employ the use of novel generative adversarial techniques. GarmentGAN improves on existing methods in the realism of generated imagery and solves various problems related to self-occlusions. Our proposed model incorporates additional information during training, utilizing both segmentation maps and body keypoint information. We demonstrate GarmentGAN outperforms current fashion transfer techniques through qualitative evaluation and standard image synthesis metrics.

GarmentGAN: Photo-realistic Adversarial Fashion Transfer


Semantic segmentation requires both a large receptive field and accurate spatial information. Although existing methods based on a fully convolutional network have greatly improved the accuracy, the prediction results still do not show
satisfactory when parsing small objects and boundary regions. We propose a refinement algorithm to improve the result generated by the front network. Our method takes a modified double-branches network to generate both segmentation masks and semantic boundaries, which serve as refinement algorithms’ input. We creatively introduce information entropy to represent the confidence of the neural network’s prediction corresponding to each pixel. The information entropy combined with the semantic boundary can capture those unpredictable pixels with
low-confidence through Monte Carlo sampling. Each selected pixel will serve as the initial seed for directed local search and refinement. According to the initial seed, our purpose is tantamount to searching the neighbor high-confidence regions,
and the re-labelling approach is based on high-confidence results. Remarkably, our method adopts a directed regional search strategy based on gradient descent to find the high-confidence region effectively. Our method can be flexibly embedded into
the existing encoder backbone and further improve the state of the art method’s accuracy both on Cityscapes and PASCAL VOC datasets. In evaluating some small objects, our method surpasses most of the state of the art methods.

Semantic Segmentation Refinement Using Entropy and Boundary-guided Monte Carlo Sampling and Directed Regional Search


In this work, we propose CBiGAN -- a novel method for anomaly detection in images, where a consistency constraint is introduced as a regularization term in both the encoder and decoder of a BiGAN. Our model exhibits fairly good modeling power and reconstruction consistency capability. We evaluate the proposed method on MVTec AD -- a real-world benchmark for unsupervised anomaly detection on high-resolution images -- and compare against standard baselines and state-of-the-art approaches. Experiments show that the proposed method improves the performance of BiGAN formulations by a large margin and performs comparably to expensive state-of-the-art iterative methods while reducing the computational cost. We also observe that our model is particularly effective in texture-type anomaly detection, as it sets a new state of the art in this category. Our code is available at https://github.com/fabiocarrara/cbigan-ad/.

Combining GANs and AutoEncoders for Efficient Anomaly Detection

I will present a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning method for autonomous driving. Our approach employs temporal difference learning in a Bayesian framework to learn vehicle control signals from sensor data. The agent has access to images from a forward facing camera, which are pre- processed to generate semantic segmentation maps. We trained our system using both ground truth and estimated semantic segmentation input.
Based on our observations from a large set of experiments, we conclude that training the system on ground truth input data leads to better performance than training the system on estimated input even if estimated input is used for evaluation.
The system is trained and evaluated in a realistic simulated urban environment using the CARLA simulator. The simulator also contains a benchmark that allows for comparing to other systems and methods. The required training time of the system is shown to be lower and the performance on the benchmark superior to competing approaches.

A Bayesian Approach to Reinforcement Learning of Vision-Based Vehicular Control

The quantification of visual affect data (e.g. face images) is essential to build and monitor automated affect modeling systems efficiently. Considering this, this work proposes quantified facial Temporal-expressiveness Dynamics (TED) to quantify the expressiveness of human faces. The proposed algorithm leverages multimodal facial features by incorporating static and dynamic information to enable accurate measurements of facial expressiveness. We show that TED can be used for high-level tasks such as summarization of unstructured visual data, and expectation from and interpretation of automated affect recognition models. To evaluate the positive impact of using TED, a case study was conducted on spontaneous pain using the UNBC-McMaster spontaneous shoulder pain dataset. Experimental results show the efficacy of using TED for quantified affect analysis.

Quantified Facial Temporal-Expressiveness Dynamics for Affect Analysis

Deep Learning systems have proven to be extremely
successful for image recognition tasks for which significant
amounts of training data is available, e.g., on the famous
ImageNet dataset. We demonstrate that for robotics applications
with cheap camera equipment, the low image quality, however,
influences the classification accuracy, and freely available data
bases cannot be exploited in a straight forward way to train
classifiers to be used on a robot. As a solution we propose to train
a network on degrading the quality images in order to mimic
specific low quality imaging systems. Numerical experiments
demonstrate that classification networks trained by using images
produced by our quality degrading network along with the high
quality images outperform classification networks trained only
on high quality data when used on a real robot system, while
being significantly easier to use than competing zero-shot domain
adaptation techniques.

A Simple Domain Shifting Network for Generating Low Quality Images


The text embedded in scene images can be seen everywhere in our lives. However, recognizing text from natural scene images is still a challenge because of its diverse shapes and distorted patterns. Recently, advanced recognition networks generally treat scene text recognition as a sequence prediction task. Although achieving excellent performance, these recognition networks consider the feature map cells as independent individuals and update cells state without utilizing the information of their related cells. And the local receptive field of traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) makes a single cell that cannot cover the whole text region in an image. Due to these issues, the existing recognition networks cannot extract the global context information in a visual scene. To deal with the above problems, we propose a Multi-head Self-relation Network(MSRN) for scene text recognition in this paper. The MSRN consists of several multi-head self-relation layers, which are designed for extracting the global context information of a visual scene. Then the information of the related cells can be fused by multi-head self-relation layer. Furthermore, experiments over several public datasets demonstrate that our proposed recognition network achieves superior performance on several benchmark datasets including IC03, IC13, IC15, SVT-Perspective.

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Subspace Clustering via Joint Unsupervised Feature Selection

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