United States

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused educators to revisit almost every aspect of teaching and learning, including assessment.&amp;nbsp; In spring of 2020, the Advanced Placement program found itself with the challenge of quickly designing, administering, and grading their exams in a purely online environment.&amp;nbsp; This talk will share observations of the 2020 AP Physics exams and discuss how these observations helped shape the author&#39;s design and administration of online exams and quizzes.&amp;nbsp; Examples of several styles of questions administered through the course management system at the author’s university will be included.

AAPT WM 21

Designing Online Assessments: Inspirations from the 2020 AP Physics Exam

online assessment

remote instruction

assessment

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused educators to revisit almost every aspect of teaching and learning, including assessment.&nbsp; In spring of 2020, the Advanced Placement program found itself with the challenge of quickly designing, administering, and grading their exams in a purely online environment.&nbsp; This talk will share observations of the 2020 AP Physics exams and discuss how these observations helped shape the author's design and administration of online exams and quizzes.&nbsp; Examples of several styles of questions administered through the course management system at the author’s university will be included.

technical paper

Jupyter notebooks [ JN ] are&nbsp;rapidly becoming the tool of choice of rmodelling the mechanics of physics calculation and investigation. This open source tool is used in research, engineering as well as compter and data science.&nbsp; It can also be an effective tool for classroom use at the high school level as well.&nbsp; A framework for introducing and using using jupyter notebooks as a model for student engagement in topics presented at the high school level will be presented.&nbsp; In the form of Google's&nbsp;CoLab (a cloud based implementation of JN ) it&nbsp;can also allow remote interaction with distance learning students through shared documents as well.

Using Jupyter Notebooks in the High School Classroom

For the past fifty years, undergraduate physics programs have struggled with the underrepresentation of women. The STEP UP project (STEPUPphysics.org) was designed to reduce barriers for women in physics&nbsp;and encourage high school women to pursue an undergraduate physics degree. STEP UP focuses on implementing high school interventions by working with cohorts of high school physics teachers called Ambassadors, who are trained to teach and propagate STEP UP's research-driven materials throughout their teacher networks. To understand the effects of Ambassador training, several surveys are being administered to Ambassadors throughout the school year.&nbsp; Taking a “tempered radicals” framing, this talk will present an analysis of initial survey responses and the characteristics of teachers who are willing to be disruptive in order to reduce barriers. Results will inform the future selection of Ambassadors, guide STEP UP training, and be relevant to other programs seeking to develop “tempered radicals” in their communities.

Identifying “Tempered Radicals” in the STEP UP Ambassador Program

We conducted a series of multiple linear regressions to examine the predictive ability of race on introductory mechanics final exam scores when controlling for ACT math scores and physics placement test scores. When we followed a common method of categorizing students as URMs and non-URMS for our analysis, we found that students who earned comparable scores on the ACT math test and the physics placement test performed similarly on the final exam. However, when we established separate groups for Non-Hispanic White American, Asian American, African American, Hispanic, International, Multi-Race, AIAN, and NHPI students, we found that African American and Asian American students, and to a lesser extent, Hispanic students, under-performed in their physics course relative to their prior test scores. We conclude that there is still work to be done at the university level to provide a learning environment supportive of students of all backgrounds.

URM Grouping Hides Struggles of Black and Asian American Students

The COVID-19 outbreak has introduced unexpected barriers and uncertainty for prospective graduate students and physics departments. Chief among concerns are the safety and health of students, and the economic shortfall resulting from reduced enrollment.Such concerns may significantly disrupt the application and admittance processes; of particular concern is the impacts on the diversity of incoming graduate cohorts. Using&nbsp; exploratory survey data collected from physics departments in Fall 2020, we will report on how COVID-19 has impacted the processes, pressures, and demographics of physics graduate programs, including the effects of various departmental responses and preparation. We will present practices implemented by departments, with special attention paid to those that have been successful in maintaining the size, diversity, and preparedness of the 2020 graduate cohort. The findings of this study will inform on actions related to recruiting, admissions, and/or post-admissions that will support graduate admissions in the coming years.

Practices that Maintain Excellence and Diversity in the COVID-19 Era

There is currently a push by researchers and disability advocates to introduce inclusive teaching strategies and universal design principles into physics classrooms. With this push, it is important to study how the attitudes and actions of instructors vary as they consider implementing these guidelines. We used a modified version of the Inclusive Teaching Strategies Inventory (ITSI) to survey 249 physicists recruited at American Physical Society conferences and through physics-specific listservs. This study presents how practicing physicists’ responses varied across different identity markers, such as gender, race/ethnicity, and personal disability experience. We will compare our findings from the physics community to findings from general populations of both students and faculty.&nbsp;

Variations in Practicing Physicists' Beliefs about Inclusive Teaching Strategies

In this talk, we share preliminary findings from a study of teachers' ideas about equitable-based instruction and how it can be integrated with energy-focused physics instruction. During a one-week professional development workshop, we observed high school physics teachers’ (n=24) conversations focused on formulating ideas to integrate equity and energy within their classroom curriculum, pedagogies, and settings. Data was collected through video recordings and the data analysis was multidimensional. We found that as teachers considered integrating equity into their energy instruction, they raised concerns about relationships with students and about balancing past and present systematic factors. They also articulated a number of strategies and possibilities that they had tried or wanted to try to address these systematic factors&nbsp; This study has implications for merging energy and equity through a culturally-relevant lens that is essential to addressing educational disparities.&nbsp;

Secondary Physics Teachers’ Ideas about Integrating Equity into Energy Instruction

Research shows that by the time female students reach high school age they are much less likely than male students to see themselves as “physics people,” which contributes to the persistent underrepresentation of women in physics. To this end, physics teachers can play a critical role in changing young women’s negative self-perceptions with respect to physics and help develop their physics identity by disrupting traditional cultural messaging and norms. However, the long existing culture of power in many physics classrooms may not provide a safe space for female students to enact physics identities in ways that are personally meaningful. Thus, counterspaces beyond existing classrooms are needed to create and sustain such changes. In this study, we describe how an informal physics club initiated by a high school physics teacher and run by his female students has become a counterspace that promotes physics identity development among students, particularly for female students.

Physics Club: A Counterspace for Developing Female Students Physics Identity

Physics&nbsp;has been perceived as a highly individualistic discipline with little value placed on communal goals.&nbsp; As such, students who have communal goals may not see themselves as “physics people”.&nbsp; In this study, we examine the role of agentic goals (focused on self) and communal goals (focused on others) on students’ physics identity.&nbsp; As part of the STEP UP project, data was collected in Fall 2018 from the high school physics classes of 16 teachers across three regions of the US.&nbsp; In total, 1,979 students completed surveys which included questions on their values/goals and physics identity.&nbsp; This talk will present the results of a model used to predict physics identity with agentic and communal goals, while also considering gender and race/ethnicity effects.

How Goal Endorsement Predicts Physics Identity

Both&nbsp;traditional and modern approaches&nbsp;are used to training physics teacher at Hubei University. In traditional ways, we are going to&nbsp;talk about micro-teaching and teaching competition. The former is used for&nbsp;training the basic teaching skills of our normal students, and the latter is used for&nbsp;further training their comprehensive teaching skills. We will focus on the latter, because that is probably special to the&nbsp;US&nbsp;counterparts. In modern approaches, we will focus on&nbsp;the application of digital simulation technique and&nbsp;mobile phone sensor in the process of teacher preparation. The introduction of digital simulation and digital sensor technologies can not only greatly improve the effect of physical experiments, but also improve students'&nbsp;operational ability as well as innovation ability.&nbsp;In addition, as an influential instructional assessment tool, RTOP’s practical use in teacher preparation at Hubei University will be introduced.

Physics Teacher Preparation at Hubei University:

The essence of student-centered teaching is an awareness of how our students experience learning. Brookfield 2017, highlights that personal experiences of learning are intertwined with teaching practice and considers it as one of the lenses in his critical reflection framework. This study investigates the reflective practice of seven Irish pre-service physics teachers in the final year of their four-year concurrent science education degree. The significant guidance, support and feedback from teacher educators that is required to support deeper levels of critical reflection will be discussed in detail. Thematic analyses of seventy reflective journal entries have been carried out to make connections between themes and build a coherent argument supported by the data. Findings from this qualitative study outline the wider implications of reflective practice on deepening teacher knowledge and professional learning.

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