United States

Physics has greatly impacted society, both in solving problems and perpetuating harm. Yet we rarely train students to grapple with their responsibilities to society. The absence of classroom discussions about these impacts reinforces the idea that physics is removed from society. At Texas State University, we have designed and implemented units about ethics, science and society in a modern physics course, an observational astrophysics course, and a multi-disciplinary course focused on this topic. In each of these contexts, we have scaffolded student discussions around large-scale ethical issues related to STEM. In this talk, I will draw on my experiences participating in this work as an instructor and a researcher. I will use video data to highlight factors that enable student engagement, such as curriculum and pedagogy that elicit, push on, and validate student opinions, as well as limiting factors such as students’ perceived lack of agency in the physics community.

AAPT WM 21

Lessons Learned from Classroom Conversations about Ethics, Science, and Society

society

science

ethics

**Making Physics More Inclusive and Eliminating Exclusionary Practices in Physics**

As a gateway discipline to STEM majors and careers, physics plays a central role in deciding who does, and who doesn't, get to discover and pursue scientific careers. Technical and scientific professionals are rewarded with economic privilege and status which affords them both social and cultural power. Therefore, social justice will be realized only when the opportunity, and the choice, to excel in physics is open to all students. The culture and practices of the physics classroom reflect the culture of physics at large, which raises the question of how our professional physics communities can embrace, rather than inadvertently repel, a diverse group of academics that can help improve physics culture.  To this end, the 2021 Physics Education Research Conference will focus on defining inclusive spaces and practices. Additionally, we will explore strategies for eliminating exclusionary practices in our classrooms, research spaces, and professional organizations. We call on the community to propose sessions that will drive conversations related to these initiatives throughout PERC 2021.

Please download the full program [here. ](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TRMC_SYJ3PUqXyP7sskA7LRSA8ow0eRE/view?usp=sharing)

PERC SM 21

August 4, 2021 - August 5, 2021 in a Virtual Conference Format

Making Physics More Inclusive and Eliminating Exclusionary Practices in Physics

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AAPT® is a strong professional physics science society dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in physical science education.

Winter and Summer National Meetings:
These National Meetings, held each winter and summer, are opportunities for members, colleagues, and future physicists from around the world to:

- participate in physics workshops
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- form networks nationally and locally
- engage exhibitors and learn about the latest physics resources
- discuss innovations in teaching methods
- share the results of research about teaching and learning.

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Quantitative modeling is an integral learning outcome of many introductory physics labs. One important aspect of quantitative modeling is covariational reasoning -- reasoning about how one quantity changes with another, related quantity. For example, one might ask ‘by how much does the spring force change when the spring is stretched a little bit more?’ While covariational reasoning has been studied extensively in mathematics education research, little work has been done in physics education research to better understand and characterize how students’ reason covariationally in physics courses. In this presentation, we present features of introductory physics students’ emergent covariational reasoning while developing or testing symbolic models in their lab courses. In addition, we compare student and expert physics covariational reasoning to illustrate some potential areas where direct instruction may be improved.

Student Emergent Sense-making about Quantitative Modeling in Introductory Physics Labs

Many teachers have struggled to connect quantum principles to the traditional high school curriculum.&nbsp; Often these ideas are part of off-topic discussions in which they are simply asserted or partially explained in a hand-waiving manner.&nbsp; This presentation introduces a QuarkNet activity in which high school students analyze simple momentum and position data collected from a 2001 diffraction experiment to empirically discover the famous inverse relationship known as the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principal.

What Heisenberg Knew: A QuarkNet Data-Based Student Activity

Quantum tic-tac-toe (QTTT) is an educational tool illustrating novel features of quantum systems. Most versions include states, superposition, collapse, and entanglement. While QTTT&nbsp;can provide a foundation for understanding quantum principles, QTTT can also be overwhelming for students new to quantum mechanics. In this talk, we introduce a simplified version of QTTT that does not include entanglement: semiclassical tic-tac-toe (STTT).&nbsp;As a first step toward a systematic development of interactive quantum computing demonstrations and curriculum, we have designed materials for an STTT lesson plan and pilot study. Materials include a pre- and post-test over basic quantum mechanical ideas, an instructor's guide to STTT and QTTT, and a classroom-ready Python-based program featuring classical tic-tac-toe, STTT, and QTTT. We are implementing a pilot study to explore their effectivness in communicating scientific content and the extent to which the inclusion of STTT might enhance student knowledge in introductory physics courses.

Development of Semiclassical Tic-Tac-Toe for Introductory Quantum Mechanics Students

Since 2014 I have taught an introductory quantum information course for general STEM majors, based on notes I am currently developing into a textbook.&nbsp; I report on the structure and content of this course, and its evolution over six offerings so far.&nbsp; Since its inception, this quantum information course has enrolled the majority of its students from outside the physics major (chiefly computer science and mathematics majors).&nbsp; As interest in quantum information science has broadened even over the last six years, I have adjusted materials and presentation to make the course accessible to a wider audience while maintaining the vision of a rigorous and ambitious introductory course. &nbsp; The current course is suitable for the motivated student with a minimal exposure to linear algebra -- matrix multiplication and calculating determinants -- and has been completed by students from all five of the Claremont Colleges as well as several high school students.

Quantum Information for STEM Majors and Advanced High School Students

Quantum information science (QIS) has recently exploded as a research and development focus in both academic and industry settings. In the US this growth was accelerated by the National Quantum Initiative, which I was involved in proposing. This talk describes a course on QIS I created at the University of Oregon and that has been adapted to a virtual course for other university’s use. The course uses examples quantum optics (photon physics) to introduce QIS, while introducing basic quantum mechanics using essentially no mathematics, but relying on rigorous graphical constructions of the equivalents of QM theory. For the virtual course, laboratory demonstrations were performed live by the company Qutools based in Germany, showing for example violation of the Bell inequality, verifying entanglement of photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down conversion. The recorded lectures and demonstrations videos will be made available

Teaching Quantum Information Science to Undergraduate Science and Nonscience Students

There’s a lot of potential for quantum computers to solve problems in ways that classical computers cannot. At the heart of this potential is quantum information and the way that quantum computers manipulate data. In this session, I’ll introduce some basic concepts in quantum computing, such as quantum bits and quantum gates. I’ll demonstrate how I make these concepts concrete to the audiences I teach, through the use of small programming-based exercises. By the end of this session, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge, learning resources and software tools to help your students explore applications of quantum computing. About the Speaker: Frances Tibble is a Software Engineer at Microsoft Quantum and has a degree in Computing. She enjoys making quantum computing accessible to audiences of varying backgrounds.

Quantum Information: An Introduction to Theory & Tools for Teaching

During the period of prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in China , college students were unable to return to university campuses&nbsp;for study, which&nbsp;affected their physical and mental states. To change the situation, using the network communication tools and combining their home conditions, we carried out online teaching of a series of experiments in musical physics. Using&nbsp;free softwares&nbsp;like Phyphox students analyzed the musical signals and&nbsp;understood the physcal nature of timbre, consonance of combined tones, relation of modes and vibration from Chladni pattern and structural function&nbsp;of&nbsp;musical instruments they have or self-made. Except&nbsp;knowledge and skills, we also brought happiness to the students. Obviously the teaching effect were excelent. And more importantly, this is a successful attemp to merge&nbsp;Science and Art together through physics and music. We popularized the quality education in&nbsp;Science and Art in fact, which is beneficial to get the promotion.

Musical physics experiment teaching @ home in China

&nbsp;Home-base physics experiment paves an efficient way for the basic physics experimental teaching in this certain epidemic period. Designing of the heuristic multi-leveled home-base physics experiment teaching plan is essential for the guarantee of the student’s non-stop study and the teacher’s non-stop teaching while the Universities are closed, which also helps to form a teacher-student community in this special period. We should also pay attention to the educational function of the course. Heuristic experiment teaching plan relies on the positive exploration of the teacher, which discards the ritual way on the books. The fast development of International Young&nbsp;Physicists’ tournament (IYPT) in China paves the way for deeper reform of the physics experiments courses. The experimental teaching in this special period also gives us efficient indication for the construction of experiment teacher ’team, the construction of library and relative courses.

Exploration on the heuristic multi-leveled home-base physics experiment design

We generalize traditional problem-based learning (PBL) to problem driven interactive learning originated from Socrates. The aim is to teach students how to approach the unknown, by finding, posing, analyzing, and solving problems through student centered interactive learning, in which asking questions actively by students is the key point of teaching process. As a result of interactive learning, both teachers and students are satisfied with the unprecedentedly high level of learning in both their online and face-to-face high-frequency interaction.

Problem Driven Interactive Learning

During the spring semester under Covid-19, following online courses on data evaluation, three modules were offered in the “fundamental physics laboratory” for about 900 freshman students. During their study at home, students were first asked to carry out a project on single pendulum with suitable components, followed by possible improvement and a review session. In the second module, videos on 4 different labs were offered online. Students should watch the video and finish the data evaluation provided as a file. In May, students returned to the campus and finished another four labs in NORMAL teaching laboratory. During the whole semester, students had discussion with teachers and TAs in WeChat groups. A survey was carried out after the course, more than 70% of the students preferred to have labs in laboratory. More detailed results from the survey, as well as hints for teaching lab improvement, will be reported in this talk.

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Lessons Learned from Classroom Conversations about Ethics, Science, and Society

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