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Much effort has been expended to uncover forgotten contributions by women in physics and publicize examples of female physicists to students, largely to help female students see themselves in physics. However, the physicists who formulated the ideas taught in college courses were almost all men, and women’s absence from these most important roles will be noted by students. If we don’t acknowledge and address their absence, then female students won’t feel fully supported in their decision to become physicists, since they’ll see women only in less influential roles. We need to discuss the social context in which these most influential physicists worked. Since the necessary combination of educational opportunities, family support, social acceptance, financial means, and employment opportunities were available to a much smaller fraction of women than men, it’s no surprise that a small fraction of discoveries were made by women. This talk will present a brief sampling of history, looking at the opportunities of three important male physicists--James Clerk Maxwell, Robert Millikan, and Albert Einstein--and comparing them to their female peers. Just a few minutes of class time are needed to discuss this disparity, and also open the door to discussions of current social conditions.

AAPT SM 20

Why Aren’t More Theories Named After Women?: Teaching Women’s History in Physics

women

history

physics

Join AAPT and Physics Educators worldwide in developing and strengthening your professional connections by attending the 2021 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting. AAPT meetings are a great way to reflect on your teaching, recommit to best practices and re-energize your career with new research, products, and techniques.

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AAPT SM 21

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The 2020 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting brought together physics educators from around the globe to learn about the latest in physics theory, research methodology and education from leaders in their field. The program featured plenary speakers, sessions, workshops and many special activities.

For more information please visit the 2020 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting page at: https://www.aapt.org/Conferences/SM2020/index.cfm.


The 2020 AAPT Virtual Summer Meeting brought together physics educators from around the globe to learn about the latest in physics theory, research methodology and education from leaders in their field. 

At East Carolina University, we have been transforming our Introductory Lab Curriculum to privilege authentic science practices as a part of our XLABs (Cross-Disciplinary Lab Transformation) project (NSF-IUSE: #1725655). One of the science practices identified by the NGSS is analyzing and interpreting data. This practice is executed in computational environments in all modern scientific and engineering settings. I will discuss how we are integrating computation in our Introductory Physics labs, focusing on the environments that we are using and the ways that we are supporting student computational skill development.

Integrating Computation in Introductory Physics Labs

I grew up working at the carnival after school since I was 12, where I still work today. In high school, I was counseled into the “career training program,” which is where they directed all the brown kids. I asked if I could continue to study calculus in career training and they said, “No, take business math.” I said, “No. I won’t go.” I first found physics my 3rd of 6 years in college. It was math with glitter on top! And…I seemed to belong! I was good at it! I failed my first test though, because I worked 16 hours at the carnival the day before. The upshot is that I gained so much business sense over the years, which has helped me build and sustain programs such as the Learning Assistant Alliance and PEER Physics. I will discuss challenges that come from being a low-income, Chicana in physics.

Doing Physics While Being A Carnie

As part of a multi-institution collaboration, we are investigating the efficacy of educational interventions rooted in dual-process theories of reasoning (DPToR). In prior work, we examined the extent to which students are able to follow and infer conclusions from reasoning chains that have been provided to them. In order to explore this issue, we developed a collection of tasks that are administered online to large populations of students in introductory calculus-based courses. We have previously reported that students who themselves respond correctly to the base task will be more likely to follow the correct reasoning chain provided. In this talk, we examine the factors that influence students to set aside their own reasoning and adopt correct reasoning when it is shared with them. The relation of our findings to DPToR, and the implications of our results for instruction and curriculum development will be discussed.

Investigating the role of cognitive reflection in following reasoning chains*

Involvement in undergraduate research has been shown to have positive effects on physics students, including improved conceptual and technical understanding, increased interest in graduate study, enhanced motivation for future coursework, and better scientific communication skills. Summer research programs, however, have not kept pace with the roughly tripling in the number of physics majors over the past 20 years. An alternative model is that of Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) in which students gain research experience through a course. Here we present an example of a CURE in computational physics which produced three research projects: first, computational fluid dynamics model of so-called canopy waves, which have been observed in wind blowing through orchards; second, updating a classic result from astrophysics that explains the morphology of colliding galaxies; third, a futuristic update on the traveling salesman problem where our salesman travels through the solar system, which we term the traveling salestronaut.

A Computational CURE: Canopy Waves, Colliding Disks, and Traveling Salestronauts

Covariational reasoning--how a change in one quantity is related to a change in another quantity (e.g., a 1/r potential, or the exponential decay with time of a charged capacitor)--is integral to how scientists model the physical world. It is also a skill we expect students to develop as a result of introductory physics instruction. Little research has been done to characterize physics experts' covariational reasoning. Our research suggests that physics experts use a number of strategies--distinct from those of mathematics experts--that optimize thinking about physical quantities and how they relate to each other. We present a framework that describes physics expert covariational reasoning in introductory-level physics contexts as an important first step toward an understanding of students' covariational reasoning, how students' covariational reasoning changes over the course of physics instruction, and how instruction can be designed to help develop this important type of reasoning.

Framework for the Natures of Covariational Reasoning in Introductory Physics

Adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) encourages teachers to incorporate various new types of instruction into their classrooms. This leaves us questioning the effectiveness of these new methods on students' physics content knowledge, as well as students’ beliefs in their own ability to learn. Students will step into a physics classroom with a predetermined mindset regarding their ability to learn physics. How can we measure the development of their mindset in the context of learning physics? In my freshman physics classes I integrate elements of Standards-Based Grading and the Investigative Science Learning Environment approach. I use a variety of attitudes and beliefs surveys throughout the year to track shifts in students’ mindsets. In this talk I share how my students’ mindsets have changed and identify elements of my teaching practices that have contributed to these changes.

Tracking Student Mindset Shifts in a HS Physics Classroom

The loop and junction laws typically form the foundations of the study of electric circuits in introductory physics. However, these rules can often be difficult for students to reason about conceptually, especially in circuits with multiple loops. We have developed a graphical representation of the loop law that can be used to bolster students’ conceptual understanding of voltage drops and gains in an electric circuit. We discuss the representation itself, possible variants of the representation, and thoughts from using the representation in a large introductory physics course.

Voltage Diagrams: A New Graphical Representation for the Loop Law

We routinely employ diagrams along with self-reflection in introductory physics, as research has shown that performance on tests and overall conceptual understanding improve when students draw diagrams when reflecting on material taught in class. Our earlier study examined performance on tests and found that using diagrams plus self-reflection led to moderate improvement on test scores. In the current study, we examined three areas: scores on tests, improvements in diagram skill, and frequency of drawing unsolicited diagrams. We found that students benefited more from diagram-based reflections, rather than word-based. This session presents the results of this study and implications for student success.

Using diagrams as a reflection tool in introductory physics

I discuss the development of a two semester sequence on math methods for undergraduate physics students at Ryerson University. Effective strategies for incorporating active learning techniques in a highly theoretical course will be presented. The numerical analysis component of the course will be highlighted, and I provide some examples of context-rich computational lab activities which were employed. Student attitudes about the course, as well as general takeaways about how best physics and math courses can support each other will also be discussed.

Creating a Math Methods Course with an Integrated Computational Lab

In the Centering Project, we are studying how whiteness and masculinity show up in the physics classroom, through video of classroom interactions among students and between students and instructors, and in the content and practices of physics, including curriculum. In this talk we present results of this analysis that we think will be relevant for physics educators.

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Why Aren’t More Theories Named After Women?: Teaching Women’s History in Physics

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