Mexico

This paper presents the MasonTigers&#39; entry to the SemEval-2024 Task 1 - Semantic Textual Relatedness. The task encompasses supervised (Track A), unsupervised (Track B), and cross-lingual (Track C) approaches to semantic textual relatedness across 14 languages. MasonTigers stands out as one of the two teams who participated in all languages across the three tracks. Our approaches achieved rankings ranging from 11th to 21st in Track A, from 1st to 8th in Track B, and from 5th to 12th in Track C. Adhering to the task-specific constraints, our best performing approaches utilize an ensemble of statistical machine learning approaches combined with language-specific BERT based models and sentence transformers.

NAACL 2024

MasonTigers at SemEval-2024 Task 1: An Ensemble Approach for Semantic Textual Relatedness

spearman correlation coefficient

ppmi

elasticnet

semantic textual relatedness

tf-idf

linear regression

ensemble

transformers

## Welcome to 2024 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics!
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The University of Texas at Austin 
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2024 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

This paper presents the MasonTigers' entry to the SemEval-2024 Task 1 - Semantic Textual Relatedness. The task encompasses supervised (Track A), unsupervised (Track B), and cross-lingual (Track C) approaches to semantic textual relatedness across 14 languages. MasonTigers stands out as one of the two teams who participated in all languages across the three tracks. Our approaches achieved rankings ranging from 11th to 21st in Track A, from 1st to 8th in Track B, and from 5th to 12th in Track C. Adhering to the task-specific constraints, our best performing approaches utilize an ensemble of statistical machine learning approaches combined with language-specific BERT based models and sentence transformers.

workshop paper

Introducing a multimodal model leveraging a caption generation step and hierarchical classification to identify persuasive elements in memes, aimed at combating disinformation and propaganda on social media.

BCAmirs at SemEval-2024 Task 4: Beyond Words: A Multimodal and Multilingual Exploration of Persuasion in Memes

Participating in SemEval 2024 Task 2, we built a three-module system to predict entailment labels for NLI4CT, which consists of a sequence of the query generation module, the query answering module, and the aggregation module. We fine-tuned or prompted each module with the intermediate labels we generated with LLMs, and we optimized the combinations of different modules through experiments. Our system is ranked 19th$\sim$24th in the SemEval 2024 Task 2 leaderboard in different metrics. We made several interesting observations regarding the correlation between different metrics and the sensitivity of our system on the aggregation module. We performed the error analysis on our system which can potentially help to improve our system further.

Saama Technologies at SemEval-2024 Task 2: Three-module System for NLI4CT Enhanced by LLM-generated Intermediate Labels

Numbers are frequently utilized in both our daily narratives and professional documents, such as clinical notes, scientific papers, financial documents, and legal court orders. The ability to understand and generate numbers is thus one of the essential aspects of evaluating large language models. In this vein, we propose a collection of datasets in SemEval-2024 Task 7 - NumEval. This collection encompasses several tasks focused on numeral-aware instances, including number prediction, natural language inference, question answering, reading comprehension, reasoning, and headline generation. This paper offers an overview of the dataset and presents the results of all subtasks in NumEval. Additionally, we contribute by summarizing participants' methods and conducting an error analysis. To the best of our knowledge, NumEval represents one of the early tasks that perform peer evaluation in SemEval's history. We will further share observations from this aspect and provide suggestions for future SemEval tasks.

SemEval-2024 Task 7: Numeral-Aware Language Understanding and Generation

Detecting machine-generated text is a critical task in the era of large language models. In this paper, we present our systems for SemEval 2024 Task 8, which focuses on multi-class clas sification to discern between human-written and maching-generated texts by five state-of the-art large language models. We propose three different systems: unsupervised text sim ilarity, triplet-loss-trained text similarity, and text classification. We show that the triplet-loss trained text similarity system outperforms the other systems, achieving 80% accuracy on the test set and surpassing the baseline model for this subtask. Additionally, our text classifica tion system, which takes into account sentence paraphrases generated by the candidate models, also outperforms the unsupervised text similar ity system, achieving 74% accuracy.

CLULab-UofA at SemEval-2024 Task 8: Detecting Machine-Generated Text Using Triplet-Loss-Trained Text Similarity and Text Classification

This work describes the system submitted by the SINAI team to the subtask A of Task 8 of SemEval 2024, as well as two additional systems evaluated during the training phase of the shared task. We claim that the perplexity score of a text may be used as a classification signal. Accordingly, we conduct a study on the utility of perplexity for discerning text authorship, and we perform a comparative analysis of the results obtained on the datasets of the task. The results of this study motivated us to use as classification features the word embeddings vectors of the input texts and its corresponding perplexity score. Likewise, the submitted system is a fine-tuning version of the XLM-RoBERTa-Large model. The analysis of the results of the evaluation shows large differences among the language probability distribution of the training and test sets. Nonetheless, the results show that perplexity can be used as feature for identifying machine generated text, hence our claim holds.

SINAI at SemEval-2024 Task 8: Fine-tuning on Words and Perplexity as Features for Detecting Machine Written Text

We transfer the intuitions of humans checking possibly non-supported statements of Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify hallucinations. We ask multiple model judges with a tailored prompt to assess the hallucination probability and combine their responses. We test various models and find that bigger is not always better.

Pollice Verso at SemEval-2024 Task 6: The Roman Empire Strikes Back

This paper presents our approach and findings for SemEval-2024 Task 5, focusing on legal argument reasoning. We explored the effectiveness of fine-tuning pre-trained BERT models and the innovative application of large language models (LLMs) through prompt engineering in the context of legal texts. Our methodology in- volved a combination of techniques to address the challenges posed by legal language processing, including handling long texts and optimizing natural language understanding (NLU) capabilities for the legal domain. Our contributions were validated by achieving a third-place ranking on the SemEval 2024 Task 5 Leader- board. The results underscore the potential of LLMs and prompt engineering in enhancing legal reasoning tasks, offering insights into the evolving landscape of NLU technologies within the legal field.

SU-FMI at SemEval-2024 Task 5: From BERT Fine-Tuning to LLM Prompt Engineering - Approaches in Legal Argument Reasoning

We created the AIpom, a system designed to detect a boundary between human written and machine-generated text (SemEval2024 Task 8, Subtask C: Human-Machine Mixed Text Detection). We propose a two stage pipeline combining predictions from an instruction-tuned decoder-only model and encoder-only sequence taggers. AIpom is ranked second on the leaderboard while achieving a Mean Absolute Error of 15.94. Ablation studies confirm the benefits of pipelining encoder and decoder models, particularly in terms of improved performance.

AIpom at SemEval-2024 Task 8: Detecting AI-produced Outputs in M4

The generation of headlines, a crucial aspect of abstractive summarization, aims to compress an entire article into a concise, single line of text despite the effectiveness of modern encoderdecoder models for text generation and summarization tasks. The encoder-decoder model commonly faces challenges in accurately generating numerical content within headlines. This study empirically explored LLMs for numeralaware headline generation and proposed fewshot prompting with LLMs for numeral-aware headline generations. Experiments conducted on the NumHG dataset and NumEval-2024 test set suggest that fine-tuning LLMs on NumHG dataset enhances the performance of LLMs for numeral aware headline generation. Furthermore, few-shot prompting with LLMs surpassed the performance of fine-tuned LLMs for numeral-aware headline generation.

ClusterCore at SemEval-2024 Task 7: Few Shot Prompting With Large Language Models for Numeral-Aware Headline Generation

We describe our systems for SemEval-2024 Task 1: Semantic Textual Relatedness. We investigate the correlation between semantic relatedness and semantic similarity. Specifi- cally, we test two hypotheses: (1) similarity is a special case of relatedness, and (2) semantic relatedness is preserved under translation. We experiment with a variety of approaches which are based on explicit semantics, downstream applications, contextual embeddings, large lan- guage models (LLMs), as well as ensembles of methods. We find empirical support for our the- oretical insights. In addition, our best ensemble system yields highly competitive results in a number of diverse categories.

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BCAmirs at SemEval-2024 Task 4: Beyond Words: A Multimodal and Multilingual Exploration of Persuasion in Memes

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