Canada

GraIL and its variants have shown their promising capacities for inductive relation reasoning on knowledge graphs. However, the uni-directional message-passing mechanism hinders such models from exploiting hidden mutual relations between entities in directed graphs. Besides, the enclosing subgraph extraction in most GraIL-based models restricts the model from extracting enough discriminative information for reasoning. Consequently, the expressive ability of these models is limited. To address the problems, we propose a novel GraIL-based framework, termed MINES, by introducing a Message Intercommunication mechanism on the Neighbor-Enhanced Subgraph. Concretely, the message intercommunication mechanism is designed to capture the omitted hidden mutual information. It introduces bi-directed information interactions between connected entities by inserting an undirected/bi-directed GCN layer between uni-directed RGCN layers. Moreover, inspired by the success of involving more neighbors in other graph-based tasks, we extend the neighborhood area beyond the enclosing subgraph to enhance the information collection for inductive relation reasoning. Extensive experiments prove the promising capacity of the proposed MINES from various aspects, especially for the superiority, effectiveness, and transfer ability.

AAAI 2024

MINES: Message Intercommunication for Inductive Relation Reasoning over Neighbor-Enhanced Subgraphs

other foundations of knowledge representation & reasoning

knowledge representation and reasoning

knowledge graphs

The purpose of the AAAI conference is to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific exchange among AI researchers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers in affiliated disciplines. 

AAAI 2021

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

Pedestrian trajectory prediction is the key technology in many applications for providing insights into human behavior and anticipating human future motions. Most existing empirical models are explicitly formulated by observed human behaviors using explicable mathematical terms with deterministic nature, while recent work has focused on developing hybrid models combined with learning-based techniques for powerful expressiveness while maintaining explainability. However, the deterministic nature of the learned steering behaviors from the empirical models limits the models' practical performance. To address this issue, this work proposes the social conditional variational autoencoder (SocialCVAE) for predicting pedestrian trajectories, which employs a CVAE to explore behavioral uncertainty in human motion decisions. SocialCVAE learns socially reasonable motion randomness by utilizing a socially explainable interaction energy map as the CVAE's condition, which illustrates the future occupancy of each pedestrian's local neighborhood area. The energy map is generated using an energy-based interaction model, which anticipates the energy cost (i.e., repulsion intensity) of pedestrians' interactions with neighbors. Experimental results on two public benchmarks including 25 scenes demonstrate that SocialCVAE significantly improves prediction accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art methods, with up to 16.85% improvement in Average Displacement Error (ADE) and 69.18% improvement in Final Displacement Error (FDE).

SocialCVAE: Predicting Pedestrian Trajectory via Interaction Conditioned Latents

Modeling complementary relationships greatly helps recommender systems to accurately and promptly recommend the subsequent items when one item is purchased. Unlike traditional similar relationships, items with complementary relationships may be purchased successively (such as iPhone and Airpods Pro), and they not only share relevance but also exhibit dissimilarity. Since the two attributes are opposites, modeling complementary relationships is challenging. Previous attempts to exploit these relationships have either ignored or oversimplified the dissimilarity attribute, resulting in ineffective modeling and an inability to balance the two attributes. Since Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) can capture the relevance and dissimilarity between nodes in the spectral domain, we can leverage spectral-based GNNs to effectively understand and model complementary relationships. 
In this study, we present a novel approach called Spectral-based Complementary Graph Neural Networks (SComGNN) that utilizes the spectral properties of complementary item graphs. We make the first observation that complementary relationships consist of low-frequency and mid-frequency components, corresponding to the relevance and dissimilarity attributes, respectively. Based on this spectral observation, we design spectral graph convolutional networks with low-pass and mid-pass filters to capture the low-frequency and mid-frequency components. Additionally, we propose a two-stage attention mechanism to adaptively integrate and balance the two attributes. Experimental results on four e-commerce datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, with SComGNN significantly outperforming existing baseline models.

Spectral-Based Graph Neutral Networks for Complementary Item Recommendation

As Federated Learning (FL) gains prominence in distributed machine learning applications, achieving fairness without compromising predictive performance becomes paramount. The data being gathered from distributed clients in an FL environment often leads to class imbalance. In such scenarios, balanced accuracy rather than accuracy is the true representation of model performance. However, most state-of-the-art fair FL methods report accuracy as the measure of performance,  which can lead to misguided interpretations of the model's effectiveness to mitigate discrimination. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first attempt towards achieving Pareto-optimal trade-offs between balanced accuracy and fairness in a federated environment (FairTrade). By utilizing multi-objective optimization, the framework negotiates the intricate balance between model's balanced accuracy and fairness. The framework's agnostic design adeptly accommodates both statistical and causal fairness notions, ensuring its adaptability across diverse FL contexts. We provide empirical evidence of our framework's efficacy through extensive experiments on five real-world datasets and comparisons with six baselines. The empirical results underscore the potential of our framework in improving the trade-off between fairness and balanced accuracy in FL applications.

FairTrade: Achieving Pareto-Optimal Trade-Offs between Balanced Accuracy and Fairness in Federated Learning

In few-shot image generation, directly training GAN models on just a handful of images faces the risk of overfitting. A popular solution is to transfer the models pretrained on large source domains to small target ones. In this work, we introduce WeditGAN, which realizes model transfer by editing the intermediate latent codes w in StyleGANs with learned constant offsets (delta w), discovering and constructing target latent spaces via simply relocating the distribution of source latent spaces. The established one-to-one mapping between latent spaces can naturally prevents mode collapse and overfitting. Besides, we also propose variants of WeditGAN to further enhance the relocation process by regularizing the direction or finetuning the intensity of delta w. Experiments on a collection of widely used source/target datasets manifest the capability of WeditGAN in generating realistic and diverse images, which is simple yet highly effective in the research area of few-shot image generation.

WeditGAN: Few-Shot Image Generation via Latent Space Relocation | VIDEO

Current 3D object detection methods for indoor scenes mainly follow the voting-and-grouping strategy to generate proposals. 
However, most methods utilize instance-agnostic groupings, such as ball query, leading to inconsistent semantic information and inaccurate regression of the proposals. 
To this end, we propose a novel superpoint grouping network for indoor anchor-free one-stage 3D object detection. 
Specifically, we first adopt an unsupervised manner to partition raw point clouds into superpoints, areas with semantic consistency and spatial similarity.
Then, we design a geometry-aware voting module that adapts to the centerness in anchor-free detection by constraining the spatial relationship between superpoints and object centers.
Next, we present a superpoint-based grouping module to explore the consistent representation within proposals. 
This module includes a superpoint attention layer to learn feature interaction between neighboring superpoints, and a superpoint-voxel fusion layer to propagate the superpoint-level information to the voxel level.
Finally, we employ effective multiple matching to capitalize on the dynamic receptive fields of proposals based on superpoints during the training.  
Experimental results demonstrate our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on ScanNet V2, SUN RGB-D, and S3DIS datasets in the indoor one-stage 3D object detection. 
Source code is available at https://github.com/zyrant/SPGroup3D.

SPGroup3D: Superpoint Grouping Network for Indoor 3D Object Detection | VIDEO

3D scene stylization refers to transform the appearance of a 3D scene to match a given style image, ensuring that images rendered from different viewpoints exhibit the same style as the given style image, while maintaining the 3D consistency of the stylized scene. Several existing methods have obtained impressive results in stylizing 3D scenes. However, the mod- els proposed by these methods need to be re-trained when applied to a new scene. In other words, their models are cou- pled with a specific scene and cannot adapt to arbitrary other scenes. To address this issue, we propose a novel 3D scene stylization framework to transfer an arbitrary style to an ar- bitrary scene, without any style-related or scene-related re- training. Concretely, we first map the appearance of the 3D scene into a 2D style pattern space, which realizes complete disentanglement of the geometry and appearance of the 3D scene and makes our model be generalized to arbitrary 3D scenes. Then we stylize the appearance of the 3D scene in the 2D style pattern space via a prompt-based 2D stylization al- gorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework is superior to SOTA methods in both visual qual- ity and generalization.

PNeSM: Arbitrary 3D Scene Stylization via Prompt-Based Neural Style Mapping

Variational Inference (VI) has gained popularity as a flexible approximate inference scheme for computing posterior distributions in Bayesian models. Original VI methods use Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to construct variational objectives. However, KL divergence has zero-forcing behavior and is completely agnostic to the metric of the underlying data distribution, resulting in bad approximations. To alleviate this issue, we propose a new variational objective by using Optimal Transport (OT) distance, which is a metric-aware divergence, to measure the difference between approximate posteriors and priors. The superior performance of OT distance enables us to learn more accurate approximations. We further enhance the objective by gradually including the OT term using a hyperparameter $\lambda$ for over-parameterized models. We develop a Variational inference method with OT (VOT) which presents a gradient-based black-box framework for solving Bayesian models, even when the density function of approximate distribution is not available. We provide the consistency analysis of approximate posteriors and demonstrate the practical effectiveness on Bayesian neural networks and variational autoencoders.

Generalized Variational Inference via Optimal Transport | VIDEO

Correspondence pruning aims to establish reliable correspondences between two related images and recover relative camera motion. Existing approaches often employ a progressive strategy to handle the local and global contexts, with a prominent emphasis on transitioning from local to global, resulting in the neglect of interactions between different contexts. To tackle this issue, we propose a parallel context learning strategy that involves acquiring bilateral consensus for the two-view correspondence pruning task. In our approach, we design a distinctive self-attention block to capture global context and parallel process it with the established local context learning module, which enables us to simultaneously capture both local and global consensuses. By combining these local and global consensuses, we derive the required bilateral consensus. We also introduce a recalibration block, reducing the influence of erroneous consensus information and enhancing the robustness of the model. The culmination of our efforts is the Bilateral Consensus Learning Network (BCLNet), which efficiently estimates camera pose and identifies inliers (true correspondences). Extensive experiments results demonstrate that our network not only surpasses state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets but also showcases robust generalization abilities across various feature extraction techniques. Noteworthily, BCLNet obtains 3.98\% mAP5$^{\circ}$ gains over the second-best method on unknown outdoor dataset, and obviously accelerates model training speed. The source code will be available at: https://github.com/guobaoxiao/BCLNet.

BCLNet: Bilateral Consensus Learning for Two-View Correspondence Pruning

Gaze object prediction aims to predict the location and category of the object that is watched by a human. Previous gaze object prediction works use CNN-based object detectors to predict the object's location. However, we find that Transformer-based object detectors can predict more accurate object location for dense objects in retail scenarios. Moreover, the long-distance modeling capability of the Transformer can help to build relationships between the human head and the gaze object, which is important for the GOP task. To this end,  this paper introduces Transformer into the fields of gaze object prediction and proposes an end-to-end Transformer-based gaze object prediction method named TransGOP. Specifically, TransGOP uses an off-the-shelf Transformer-based object detector to detect the location of objects and designs a Transformer-based gaze autoencoder in the gaze regressor to establish long-distance gaze relationships. Moreover, to improve gaze heatmap regression, we propose an object-to-gaze cross-attention mechanism to let the queries of the gaze autoencoder learn the global-memory position knowledge from the object detector. Finally, to make the whole framework end-to-end trained, we propose a Gaze Box loss to jointly optimize the object detector and gaze regressor by enhancing the gaze heatmap energy in the box of the gaze object. Extensive experiments on the GOO-Synth and GOO-Real datasets demonstrate that our TransGOP achieves state-of-the-art performance on all tracks, i.e., object detection, gaze estimation, and gaze object prediction. Our code will be available at https://github.com/chenxi-Guo/TransGOP.git.

TransGOP: Transformer-Based Gaze Object Prediction

Traffic flow forecasting is a classical spatio-temporal data mining problem with many real-world applications. Recently, various methods based on Graph Neural Networks (GNN) have been proposed for the problem and achieved impressive prediction performance. However, we argue that the majority of existing methods disregarding the importance of certain nodes (referred to as pivotal nodes) that naturally exhibit extensive connections with multiple other nodes. Predicting on pivotal nodes poses a challenge due to their complex spatio-temporal dependencies compared to other nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel GNN-based method called Spatio-Temporal Pivotal Graph Neural Networks (STPGNN) to address the above limitation. We introduce a pivotal node identification module for identifying pivotal nodes. We propose a novel pivotal graph convolution module, enabling precise capture of spatio-temporal dependencies centered around pivotal nodes. Moreover, we propose a parallel framework capable of extracting spatio-temporal traffic features on both pivotal and non-pivotal nodes. Experiments on seven real-world traffic datasets verify our proposed method's effectiveness and efficiency compared to state-of-the-art baselines.

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