Canada

Graph spectral clustering is a fundamental technique in data analysis, which utilizes eigenpairs of the Laplacian matrix to partition graph vertices into clusters. However, classical spectral clustering algorithms require eigendecomposition of the Laplacian matrix, which has cubic time complexity. In
this work, we describe pass-efficient spectral clustering algorithms that leverage recent advances in randomized eigendecomposition and the structure of the graph vertex-edge matrix. Furthermore, we derive formulas for their efficient implementation. The resulting algorithms have a linear time complexity with respect to the number of vertices and edges and pass over the graph constant times, making them suitable for processing large graphs stored on slow memory. Experiments validate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms.

AAAI 2024

Pass-Efficient Algorithms for Graph Spectral Clustering (Student Abstract)

ml: clustering

app: bioinformatics

dmkm: graph mining

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-23 is the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The theme of this conference is to create collaborative bridges within and beyond AI. Like previous AAAI conferences, AAAI-23 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and two new activities: a Bridge Program and a Lab Program. Many of these activities are tailored to the theme of bridges and all are selected according to the highest standards, with additional programs for students and young researchers. 
AAAI is providing you with a conference planner, which you can use to help organize your itinerary of activities. This includes talks to attend in person, talks to attend remotely, breaks with colleagues and your site seeing activities. To access this conference planner, please go to [https://aaai-2023.takemobi.io](https://aaai-2023.takemobi.io).

In order to access this site, you need to register. If you haven't already, please register [here](https://aaai.org/Conferences/AAAI-23/registration/).


AAAI 2023

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

We propose an automated negotiation for a reinforcement learning agent to adapt the agent to unexpected situations such as demand changes in supply chain management (SCM).
Existing studies that consider reinforcement learning and SCM assume a centralized environment where the coordination of chain components is hierarchical rather than through negotiations between agents.
This study focused on a negotiation agent that considered the value function of reinforcement learning for SCM as its utility function in automated negotiation.
We demonstrated that the proposed approach could avoid inventory shortages under increased demand requests from the terminal customer.

Coordination of Emergent Demand Changes via Value-Based Negotiation for Supply Chain Management (Student Abstract)

Recently there has been a proliferation of intrinsic motivation (IM) reward shaping methods to learn in complex and sparse-reward environments. These methods can often inadvertently change the set of optimal policies in an environment, leading to suboptimal behavior. Previous work on mitigating the risks of reward shaping, particularly through potential-based reward shaping (PBRS), has not been applicable to many IM methods, as they are often complex, trainable functions themselves, and therefore dependent on a wider set of variables than the traditional reward functions that PBRS was developed for. We present an extension to PBRS that we show preserves the set of optimal policies under a more general set of functions than has been previously demonstrated. We also present Potential-Based Intrinsic Motivation (PBIM), a method for converting IM rewards into a potential-based form that are useable without altering the set of optimal policies. Testing in the MiniGrid DoorKey environment, we demonstrate that PBIM successfully prevents the agent from converging to a suboptimal policy and can speed up training.

Potential-Based Reward Shaping for Intrinsic Motivation (Student Abstract) | VIDEO

Recent advances in image-to-image translation involve the integration of non-visual imagery in deep models. Non-visual sensors, although more costly, often produce low-resolution images. To combat this, methods using RGB images to enhance the resolution of these modalities have been introduced. Fusing these modalities to achieve high-resolution results demands models with millions of parameters and extended inference times. We present LaMAR, a lightweight model. It employs Laplacian image pyramids combined with a low-resolution thermal image for Guided Thermal Super Resolution. By decomposing the RGB image into a Laplacian pyramid, LaMAR preserves image details and avoids high-resolution feature map computations, ensuring efficiency. With faster inference times and fewer parameters, our model demonstrates state-of-the-art results.

LaMAR: Laplacian Pyramid for Multimodal Adaptive Super Resolution (Student Abstract)

Despite Siamese trackers’ substantial potential, they offer sub-optimal tracking performance in low-resolution (LR) contexts. We introduce a Random Noise Salient Feature Fusion Learning Network to address this issue. This method integrates random noise-infused feature maps into a similaritylearning matching model. This integration acts as an effective regularization technique, enhancing the network’s generalization capabilities in LR environments. Additionally, by integrating attention mechanisms, we enhance the discriminative ability of the network, assigning more weights to important features. This directs the network’s focus toward the most salient regions of the feature map, ensuring improved accuracy without a significant increase in parameter overhead, and maintaining a high operating speed. To validate the effectiveness of our method, we performed qualitative and quantitative comparisons with state-of-the-art (SOTA) trackers.

Learning Random Noise Salient Feature Fusion Siamese Network for Low-Resolution Object Tracking (Student Abstract)

Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) have been leveraged to tackle the challenges faced while using GANs such as mode collapse, vanishing gradient, latent space search, etc. However, the existing techniques of using EA with GANs operate backpropagation and EA in isolation from each other, leaving ample room for further exploration. This paper creates a collaborative bridge between EA and GANs by exploring a neuroevolution method for utilising both EA and backpropagation-based optimisation, simultaneously, for a multi-generator GAN architecture. Experiments conducted using a standard dataset with variants of the proposed method highlight the towering impact of each of the components involved in the proposed method.

Neuroevolution of a Multi-Generator GAN (Student Abstract)

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges faced by healthcare delivery in developing nations, placing additional strain on already fragile infrastructure and healthcare systems. This has prompted an increased reliance on lay healthcare workers (LHWs) to meet the surging demand for services. Due to limited formal training, many LHWs have resorted to using unreliable sources, such as internet searches, to access medical information.

Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising opportunity to support LHWs by providing accurate, context-sensitive information for improving healthcare delivery, provided they are appropriately fine-tuned on domain-specific multilingual data. This paper delves into critical issues and presents potential solutions for developing LLM-powered virtual assistants tailored to LHWs serving Telugu and Hindi-speaking populations. Key focal points include the customization of language and content to suit local contexts, the integration of feedback mechanisms to continuously enhance assistance quality, and the delicate balance between automation and human oversight.

Multilingual Medical Language Models: A Path to Improving Lay Health Worker Effectiveness (Student Abstract) | VIDEO

Current policy gradient techniques excel in refining policies over sampled states but falter when generalizing to unseen states. To address this, we introduce Reinforcement Sampling (RS), a novel method leveraging a generalizable action value function to sample improved decisions. RS is able to improve the decision quality whenever the action value estimation is accurate. It works by improving the agent's decision on the fly on the states the agent is visiting. Compared with the historically experienced states in which conventional policy gradient methods improve the policy, the currently visited states are more relevant to the agent. Our method sufficiently exploits the generalizability of the value function on unseen states and sheds new light on the future development of generalizable reinforcement learning.

Generalizable Policy Improvement via Reinforcement Sampling (Student Abstract)

Achieving fairness in Large Language Models (LLMs) continues to pose a persistent challenge, as these models are prone to inheriting biases from their training data, which can subsequently impact their performance in various applications. There is a need to systematically explore whether structured prompting techniques can offer opportunities for debiased text generation by LLMs. In this work, we designed an evaluative framework to test the efficacy of different prompting techniques for debiasing text along different dimensions. We aim to devise a general structured prompting approach to achieve fairness that generalizes well to different texts and LLMs.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Prompting Techniques for Debiasing Language Model Outputs (Student Abstract)

A fundamental task in the realms of computer vision, Low-Rank Matrix Recovery (LRMR) focuses on the inherent low-rank structure precise recovery from incomplete data and/or corrupted measurements given that the rank is a known prior or accurately estimated. However,  it remains challenging for existing rank estimation methods to accurately estimate the rank of an ill-conditioned matrix. Also, existing LRMR optimization methods are heavily dependent on the chosen parameters, and are therefore difficult to adapt to different situations. Addressing these issues, A novel LEarning-based low-rank matrix recovery with Rank Estimation (LERE) is proposed. More specifically, considering the characteristics of the Gerschgorin disk's center and radius, a new heuristic decision rule in the Gerschgorin Disk Theorem is significantly enhanced and the low-rank boundary can be exactly located, which leads to a marked improvement in the accuracy of rank estimation. According to the estimated rank, we select row and column sub-matrices from the observation matrix by uniformly random sampling. A 17-iteration feedforward-recurrent-mixed neural network is then adapted to learn the parameters in the sub-matrix recovery processing. Finally, by the correlation of the row sub-matrix and column sub-matrix, LERE successfully recovers the underlying low-rank matrix. Overall, LERE is more efficient and robust than existing LRMR methods. Experimental results demonstrate that LERE surpasses state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. The code for this work is accessible at  https://github.com/zhengqinxu/LERE.

LERE: Learning-Based Low-Rank Matrix Recovery with Rank Estimation

Gaze estimation has become a subject of growing interest in recent research. Most of the current methods rely on single-view facial images as input. Yet, it is hard for these approaches to handle large head angles, leading to potential inaccuracies in the estimation. To address this issue, adding a second-view camera can help better capture eye appearance. However, existing multi-view methods have two limitations. 1) They require multi-view annotations for training, which are expensive. 2) More importantly, during testing, the exact positions of the multiple cameras must be known and match those used in training, which limits the application scenario. To address these challenges, we propose a novel 1-view-to-2-views (1-to-2 views) adaptation solution in this paper, the Unsupervised 1-to-2 Views Adaptation framework for Gaze estimation (UVAGaze). Our method adapts a traditional single-view gaze estimator for flexibly placed dual cameras. Here, the "flexibly" means we place the dual cameras in arbitrary places regardless of the training data, without knowing their extrinsic parameters. Specifically, the UVAGaze builds a dual-view mutual supervision adaptation strategy, which takes advantage of the intrinsic consistency of gaze directions between both views. In this way, our method can not only benefit from common single-view pre-training, but also achieve more advanced dual-view gaze estimation. The experimental results show that a single-view estimator, when adapted for dual views, can achieve much higher accuracy, especially in cross-dataset settings, with a substantial improvement of 47.0%. Project page: https://github.com/MickeyLLG/UVAGaze.

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