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Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) based methods have achieved significant breakthroughs in the task of single image shadow removal. However, the performance of these methods remains limited for several reasons. First, the existing shadow illumination model ignores the spatially variant property of the shadow images, hindering their further performance. Second, most deep CNNs based methods directly estimate the shadow free results from the input shadow images like a black box, thus losing the desired interpretability. To address these issues, we first propose a new shadow illumination model for the shadow removal task. This new shadow illumination model ensures the identity mapping among unshaded regions, and adaptively performs fine grained spatial mapping between shadow regions and their references. Then, based on the shadow illumination model, we reformulate the shadow removal task as a variational optimization problem. To effectively solve the variational problem, we design an iterative algorithm and unfold it into a deep network, naturally increasing the interpretability of the deep model. Experiments show that our method could achieve SOTA performance with less than half parameters, one-fifth of floating-point of operations (FLOPs), and over seventeen times faster than SOTA method (DHAN).

AAAI 2022

Efficient Model-Driven Network for Shadow Removal

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-23 is the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The theme of this conference is to create collaborative bridges within and beyond AI. Like previous AAAI conferences, AAAI-23 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and two new activities: a Bridge Program and a Lab Program. Many of these activities are tailored to the theme of bridges and all are selected according to the highest standards, with additional programs for students and young researchers. 
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AAAI 2023

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines.

technical paper

The purpose of the AAAI conference is to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific exchange among AI researchers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers in affiliated disciplines. 

In remote sensing imaging systems, pan-sharpening is an important technique to obtain high-resolution multispectral images from a high-resolution panchromatic image and its corresponding low-resolution multispectral image. Owing to the powerful learning capability of convolution neural network (CNN), CNN-based methods have dominated this field. However, due to the limitation of the convolution operator, long-range spatial features are often not accurately obtained, thus limiting the overall performance. To this end, we propose a novel and effective method by exploiting a customized transformer architecture and information-lossless invertible neural module for long-range dependencies modeling and effective feature fusion in this paper. Specifically, the customized transformer formulates the PAN and MS features as queries and keys to encourage joint feature learning across two modalities while the designed invertible neural module enables effective feature fusion to generate the expected pan-sharpened results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to introduce transformer and invertible neural network into pan-sharpening field. Extensive experiments over different kinds of satellite datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms both visually and quantitatively with fewer parameters and flops. Further, the ablation experiments also prove the effectiveness of the proposed customized long-range transformer and effective invertible neural feature fusion module for pan-sharpening.

Pan-Sharpening with Customized Transformer and Invertible Neural Network

High-performance traffic flow prediction model designing, a core technology of Intelligent Transportation System, is a long-standing but still challenging task for industrial and academic communities. The lack of integration between physical principles and data-driven models is an important reason for limiting the development of this field. In the literature, physics-based methods can usually provide a clear interpretation of the dynamic process of traffic flow systems but are with limited accuracy, while data-driven methods, especially deep learning with black-box structures, can achieve improved performance but can not be fully trusted due to lack of a reasonable physical basis. To bridge the gap between purely data-driven and physics-driven approaches, we propose a physics-guided deep learning model named Spatio-Temporal Differential Equation Network (STDEN), which casts the physical mechanism of traffic flow dynamics into a deep neural network framework. Specifically, we assume the traffic flow on road networks is driven by a latent potential energy field (like water flows are driven by the gravity field), and model the spatio-temporal dynamic process of the potential energy field as a differential equation network. STDEN absorbs both the performance advantage of data-driven models and the interpretability of physics-based models, so is named a physics-guided prediction model. Experiments on three real-world traffic datasets in Beijing show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by a significant margin. A case study further verifies that STDEN can capture the mechanism of urban traffic and generate accurate predictions with physical meaning. The proposed framework of differential equation network modeling may also cast light on other similar applications.

STDEN: Towards Physics-Guided Neural Networks for Traffic Flow Prediction

Limited by the locality of convolutional neural networks, most existing local features description methods only learn local descriptors with local information and lack awareness of global and surrounding spatial context. In this work, we focus on making local descriptors ``look wider to describe better'' by learning local Descriptors with More Than Local information (MTLDesc). Specifically, we resort to context augmentation and spatial attention mechanism to make the descriptors obtain non-local awareness. First, Adaptive Global Context Augmented Module and Diverse Local Context Augmented Module are proposed to construct robust local descriptors with context information from global to local. Second, we propose the Consistent Attention Weighted Triplet Loss to leverage spatial attention awareness in both optimization and matching of local descriptors. Third, Local Features Detection with Feature Pyramid is proposed to obtain more stable and accurate keypoints localization. With the above innovations, the performance of the proposed MTLDesc significantly surpasses the current state-of-the-art local descriptors on HPatches, Aachen Day-Night localization and InLoc indoor localization benchmarks. Our code is available at https://github.com/vignywang/MTLDesc.

MTLDesc: Looking Wider to Describe Better

The classic cake cutting problem concerns the fair allocation of a heterogeneous resource among interested agents. In this paper, we study a public goods variant of the problem, where instead of competing with one another for the cake, the agents all share the same subset of the cake which must be chosen subject to a length constraint. We focus on the design of truthful and fair mechanisms in the presence of strategic agents who have piecewise uniform utilities over the cake. On the one hand, we show that the leximin solution is truthful and moreover maximizes an egalitarian welfare measure among all truthful and position oblivious mechanisms. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the maximum Nash welfare solution is truthful for two agents but not in general. Our results assume that mechanisms can block each agent from accessing parts that the agent does not claim to desire; we provide an impossibility result when blocking is not allowed.

Truthful Cake Sharing

We study the unsupervised representation learning for the semantic segmentation task. Different from previous works that aim at providing unsupervised pre-trained backbones for segmentation models which need further supervised fine-tune, here, we focus on providing representation that is only trained by unsupervised methods. This means models need to directly generate pixel-level, linearly separable semantic results.  We first explore and present two factors that have significant effects on segmentation under the contrastive learning framework: 1) the difficulty and diversity of the positive contrastive pairs, 2) the balance of global and local features. With the intention of optimizing these factors, we propose the cycle-attention contrastive learning (CACL). CACL makes use of semantic continuity of video frames, adopting unsupervised cycle-consistent attention mechanism to implicitly conduct contrastive learning with difficult, global-local-balanced positive pixel pairs. Compared with baseline model MoCo-v2 and other unsupervised methods, CACL demonstrates consistently superior performance on PASCAL VOC (+4.5 mIoU) and Cityscapes (+4.5 mIoU) datasets.

Unsupervised Representation for Semantic Segmentation by Implicit Cycle-Attention Contrastive Learning

Joint entity and relation extraction is an essential task in natural language processing and knowledge graph construction. Existing approaches usually decompose the joint extraction task into several basic modules or processing steps to make it easy to conduct. However, such a paradigm ignores the fact that the three elements of a triple are interdependent and indivisible. Therefore, previous joint methods suffer from the problems of cascading errors and redundant information. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel joint entity and relation extraction model, named OneRel, which casts joint extraction as a fine-grained triple classification problem. Specifically, our model consists of a scoring-based classifier and a relation-specific horns tagging strategy. The former evaluates whether a token pair and a relation belong to a factual triple. The latter ensures a simple but effective decoding process. Extensive experimental results on two widely used datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the state-of-the-art baselines, and delivers consistent performance gain on complex scenarios of various overlapping patterns and multiple triples.

OneRel: Joint Entity and Relation Extraction with One Module in One Step

In this paper, we propose TransMEF, a transformer-based multi-exposure image fusion framework that uses self-supervised multi-task learning. The framework is based on an encoder-decoder network, which can be trained on large natural image datasets and does not require ground truth fusion images. We design three self-supervised reconstruction tasks according to the characteristics of multi-exposure images and conduct these tasks simultaneously using multi-task learning; through this process, the network can learn the characteristics of multi-exposure images and extract more generalized features. In addition, to compensate for the defect in establishing long-range dependencies in CNN-based architectures, we design an encoder that combines a CNN module with a transformer module. This combination enables the network to focus on both local and global information. We evaluated our method and compared it to 11 competitive traditional and deep learning-based methods on the latest released multi-exposure image fusion benchmark dataset, and our method achieved the best performance in both subjective and objective evaluations. Code will be available at https://github.com/miccaiif/TransMEF.

TransMEF: A Transformer-Based Multi-Exposure Image Fusion Framework Using Self-Supervised Multi-Task Learning

The high efficiency in computation and storage makes hashing (including binary hashing and quantization) a common strategy in large-scale retrieval systems. To alleviate the reliance on expensive annotations, unsupervised deep hashing becomes an important research problem. This paper provides a novel solution to unsupervised deep quantization, namely Contrastive Quantization with Code Memory (MeCoQ). Different from existing reconstruction-based strategies, we learn unsupervised binary descriptors by contrastive learning, which can better capture discriminative visual semantics. Besides, we uncover that codeword diversity regularization is critical to prevent contrastive learning-based quantization from model degeneration. Moreover, we introduce a novel quantization code memory module that boosts contrastive learning with lower feature drift than conventional feature memories. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show that MeCoQ outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Code and configurations are publicly released.

Contrastive Quantization with Code Memory for Unsupervised Image Retrieval

We present a pose adaptive few-shot learning procedure and a two-stage data interpolation regularization, termed Pose Adaptive Dual Mixup (PADMix), for single-image 3D reconstruction. While augmentations via interpolating feature-label pairs are effective in classification tasks, they fall short in shape predictions potentially due to inconsistencies between interpolated products of two images and volumes when rendering viewpoints are unknown. PADMix targets this issue with two sets of mixup procedures performed sequentially. We first perform an input mixup which, combined with a pose adaptive learning procedure, is helpful in learning 2D feature extraction and pose adaptive latent encoding. The stagewise training allows us to build upon the pose invariant representations to perform a follow-up latent mixup under one-to-one correspondences between features and ground-truth volumes. PADMix significantly outperforms previous literature on few-shot settings over the ShapeNet dataset and sets new benchmarks on the more challenging real-world Pix3D dataset.

Pose Adaptive Dual Mixup for Few-Shot Single-View 3D Reconstruction

RGB-infrared person re-identification is an emerging cross-modality re-identification task, which is very challenging due to significant modality discrepancy between RGB and infrared images. In this work, we propose a novel modality-adaptive mixup and invariant decomposition (MID) approach for RGB-infrared person re-identification towards learning modality-invariant and discriminative representations. MID designs a modality-adaptive mixup scheme to generate suitable mixed modality images between RGB and infrared images for mitigating the inherent modality discrepancy at the pixel-level. It formulates modality mixup procedure as Markov decision process, where an actor-critic agent learns dynamical and local linear interpolation policy between different regions of cross-modality images under a deep reinforcement learning framework. Such policy guarantees modality-invariance in a more continuous latent space and avoids manifold intrusion by the corrupted mixed modality samples. Moreover, to further counter modality discrepancy and enforce invariant visual semantics at the feature-level, MID employs modality-adaptive convolution decomposition to disassemble a regular convolution layer into modality-specific basis layers and a modality-shared coefficient layer. Extensive experimental results on two challenging benchmarks demonstrate superior performance of MID over state-of-the-art methods.

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