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VIDEO DOI: https://doi.org/10.48448/t00g-r014

technical paper

AAA Annual Meeting 2021

November 18, 2021

Baltimore, United States

Papa Smurf and "Sviće Zora": Citing Cartoons and Folklore in Protests Against the 2019 Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion

keywords:

citationality

protest

identity

Elements of history and folklore have been invoked in Montenegrin Serbs’ discourses opposing the 2019 Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion or Belief and the Legal Status of Religious Communities. Protesters and protest-acts invoked the struggles and triumphs of Serbian heroes and other allusions to folklore or mythology. Additionally, some potentially unexpected characters made their way into protest image-texts, as Papa Smurf was also taken up as a sign in the context of the protests. These components have been incorporated into the protests, both on the ground in Montenegro and digitally over social media, by citing specific aspects of such folkloric or cartoon elements. This paper will identify some key image-texts and discourses in the context of protests against the Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion to consider how and why particular aspects of history, folklore, and popular culture come to be incorporated in protests. What is being cited, and what effect do these citational acts have on protest movements? How do these citational acts help communicate political, national, and religious concerns? In analyzing such image-texts, this paper will work with understandings of citationality and erasure to discuss the interconnectedness of folklore and popular culture with protests against the Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion. Furthermore, this paper will explore citationality as a useful framework with which to consider the interactions between popular culture and protests.

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