United States

In this description paper we outline the system architecture submitted to Task 4, Subtask 1 at SemEval-2022. We leverage the generative power of state of the art generative pretrained transformer models to increase training set size and remedy class imbalance issues. Our best submitted system is trained on a synthetically enhanced dataset with 10.3 times as many positive samples as the original dataset and reaches an F1 score of 50.62\%, which is 10 percentage points higher than our initial system trained on an undersampled version of the original dataset. We explore possible reasons for the comparably low score in the overall task ranking and report on experiments conducted during the post-evaluation phase.

NAACL 2022

Patronising and Condescending
Language Detection with Synthetically Generated Data

patronizing and condescending language detection

generative models

synthetic data

gpt-3

stages 

COLING, the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, is one of the premier conferences for natural language processing and computational linguistics. Often grouped within the field of artificial intelligence, but actually pre-dating the development of artificial intelligence, advances in computational linguistics and natural language processing are now some of the major drivers behind the use of artificial intelligence for commercial and social applications – for example, on-line search, machine translation and with voice-assisted conversational devices.

First established in 1965, the biennial COLING conference is held in diverse parts of the globe and attracts participants from both top-ranked research centers and emerging countries. Today, the most important developments in our field are taking place not only in universities and academic research institutes, but also in industrial research departments and in technological startups. COLING conferences provide opportunities for all these communities to showcase their exciting developments.

COLING 2020

COLING, the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, is one of the premier conferences for natural language processing and computational linguistics. Often grouped within the field of artificial intelligence, but actually pre-dating the development of artificial intelligence, advances in computational linguistics and natural language processing are now some of the major drivers behind the use of artificial intelligence for commercial and social applications – for example, on-line search, machine translation and with voice-assisted conversational devices.

workshop paper

## Welcome to NAACL 2022!
The Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL) is taking place July 10-15, 2022 as a hybrid event, in Seattle, WA and online. We are happy to welcome all of you to conference! 
 
The main conference program features oral presentations, in-person and virtual posters and demo sessions, a plenary session for our best paper presentations and awards, keynote presentations, a plenary panel on the place of linguistics and symbolic structures in NLP, and an Industrial Track panel on Careers in NLP.
 
Posters (including Findings of NAACL 2022) and demos are grouped by areas for both the in-person and the virtual sessions. For the virtual component, the talks will be on Zoom and the posters and the demos will be in GatherTown. The Student Research Workshop and will have an oral session and a poster session.
 
The program also features 6 Tutorials and 26 Workshops.
 
 We wish you a wonderful conference!
 
[The NAACL 2022 Organizing Committee](https://2022.naacl.org/committees/organization/)

2022 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

We implemented different
approaches based on Transformers. First, we
fine-tuned the AraBERT, MARABERT, and
AraELECTRA. One of the challenges that
faced us was that the data was not balanced.
Non-sarcastic data is much more than sarcastic.
We used data augmentation techniques to
balance the two classes, significantly affecting
the performance. The performance F1 score
of the three models was 87%, 90%, and 91%,
respectively. Then we boosted the three models
by developing an ensemble model based on
hard voting. The final performance F1 Score was 93%

An Ensemble Transformers-based Model for Arabic Sarcasm Detection

In recent times, the detection of hate-speech, offensive, or abusive language in online media has become an important topic in NLP research due to the exponential growth of social media and the propagation of such messages, as well as their impact. Misogyny detection, even though it plays an important part in hate-speech detection, has not received the same attention. In this paper, we describe our classification systems submitted to the SemEval-2022 Task 5: MAMI - Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification. The shared task aimed to identify misogynous content in a multi-modal setting by analysing meme images together with their textual captions. To this end, we propose two models based on the pre-trained UNITER model, one enhanced with an image sentiment classifier, whereas the second leverages a Vocabulary Graph Convolutional Network (VGCN). Additionally, we explore an ensemble using the aforementioned models. Our best model reaches an F1-score of 71.4% in Sub-task A and 67.3% for Sub-task B positioning our team in the upper third of the leaderboard. We release the code and experiments for our models on GitHub

Enhancing UNITER with Image Sentiment and Graph Convolutional Networks for Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification

This presentation introduces the result of Team Dartmouth's experiments on each of the five subtasks for the detection of sarcasm in English and Arabic tweets. This detection was framed as a classification problem, and our contributions are threefold: we developed an English binary classifier system with RoBERTa, an Arabic binary classifier with XLM-RoBERTa, and an English multilabel classifier with BERT. Preprocessing steps are taken with labeled input data prior to tokenization, such as extracting and appending verbs/adjectives or representative/significant keywords to the end of an input tweet to help the models better understand and generalize sarcasm detection. Ultimately, our systems place us in the top 14 participants for each of the five subtasks.

Team Dartmouth at SemEval-2022 Task 6

This paper presents the two submissions of NamedEntityRangers Team to the Multi-
CoNER Shared Task, hosted at SemEval-2022. We evaluate two state-of-the-art approaches, of which both utilize pre-trained multi-lingual language models differently. The first approach follows the token classification schema, in which each token is assigned with a tag. The second approach follows a recent templatefree
paradigm (Ma et al., 2021), in which an encoder-decoder model translates the input sequence of words to a special output, encoding named entities with predefined labels. We utilize RemBERT and mT5 as backbone models for these two approaches, respectively. Our results show that the oldie but goodie token classification outperforms the template-free method by a wide margin. Our code is available at:
https://github.com/Abiks/MultiCoNER.

NamedEntityRangers at SemEval-2022 Task 11: Transformer-based
Approaches for Multilingual Complex Named Entity Recognition

We present the experiments ran for SemEval-2022 Task 2, subtask A, zero-shot and one-shot settings for idiomaticity detection. Our main approach is based on fine-tuning transformer-based language models as a baseline to perform binary classification. Our system, CardiffNLP-Metaphor, ranked 8th and 7th (respectively on zero- and one-shot settings on this task. Our main contribution lies in the extensive evaluation of transformer-based language models and various configurations, showing, among others, the potential of large multilingual models over base monolingual models. Moreover, we analyse the impact of various input parameters, which offer interesting insights on how language models work in practice.

CardiffNLP-Metaphor at SemEval-2022 Task 2: Targeted Fine-tuning of Transformer-based Language Models for Idiomaticity Detection

What is the relation between a word and its description, or a word and its embedding? Both descriptions and embeddings are semantic representations of words. But, what information from the original word remains in these representations? Or more importantly, which information about a word do these two representations share? Definition Modeling and Reverse Dictionary are two opposite learning tasks that address these questions. The goal of the Definition Modeling task is to investigate the power of information laying inside a word embedding to express the meaning of the word in a humanly understandable way -- as a dictionary definition. Conversely, the Reverse Dictionary task explores the ability to predict word embeddings directly from its definition. In this paper, by tackling these two tasks, we are exploring the relationship between words and their semantic representations. We present our findings based on the descriptive, exploratory, and predictive data analysis conducted on the CODWOE dataset. We give a detailed overview of the systems that we designed for Definition Modeling and Reverse Dictionary tasks, and that achieved top scores on SemEval-2022 CODWOE challenge in several subtasks. We hope that our experimental results concerning the predictive models and the data analyses we provide will prove useful in future explorations of word representations and their relationships.

IRB-NLP at SemEval-2022 Task 1: Exploring the Relationship Between Words and Their Semantic Representations

Sentiment analysis is a useful problem which could serve a variety of fields from business intelligence to social studies and even health studies. Using SemEval 2022 Task 10 formulation of this problem and taking sequence labeling as our approach, we propose a model which learns the task by fine-tuning a pretrained transformer, introducing as few parameters (~150k) as possible and making use of precomputed attention values in the transformer. Our model improves shared task baselines on all task datasets.

Making Use of Pre-Trained Model’s Attention Values in Structured Sentiment Analysis

Multiword expressions (MWEs) or idiomaticity are common phenomenon in natural languages. Current pre-trained language models cannot effectively capture the meaning of these MWEs. The reason is that two normal words, after combining together, could have an abruptly different meaning than the compositionality of the meanings of each word, whereas pre-trained language models reply on words compositionality. We proposed an improved method of adding an LSTM layer to the BERT model in order to get better results on a text classification task (Subtask A). Our result is slightly better than the baseline. We also tried adding TextCNN to BERT and adding both LSTM and TextCNN to BERT. We find that adding only LSTM gives the best performance.

daminglu123 at SemEval-2022 Task 2: Using BERT and LSTM to Do Text Classification

We report the results of the SemEval 2022 Task
3, PreTENS, on evaluation the acceptability
of simple sentences containing constructions
whose two arguments are presupposed to be
or not to be in an ordered taxonomic relation.
The task featured two sub-tasks articulated as:
(i) binary prediction task and (ii) regression
task, predicting the acceptability in a continu-
ous scale. The sentences were artificially gen-
erated in three languages (English, Italian and
French). 21 systems, with 8 system papers
were submitted for the task, all based on var-
ious types of fine-tuned transformer systems,
often with ensemble methods and various data
augmentation techniques. The best systems
reached an F1-macro score of 94.49 (sub-task1)
and a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.80
(sub-task2), with interesting variations in spe-
cific constructions and/or languages.

PreTENS — EvaluatingNeural Networks on Presuppositional Semantic Knowledge

I will give a presentaion about our work from four parts: motivation, methodology, experiment and conclusion. Our work describes the system used in the
SemEval-2022 Task 11 Multilingual Complex Named Entity Recognition, achieving 3rd for track 1 on the leaderboard. We propose Dictionary-fused BERT, a flexible approach for entity dictionaries integration. The main ideas of our systems are: 1) integrating external knowledge (an entity dictionary) into pretrained models to obtain contextualized word and entity representations 2) designing a robust loss function leveraging a logit matrix 3) adding an auxiliary task, which is an on-top
binary classification to decide whether the token is a mention word or not, makes the main task easier to learn. It is worth noting that our system achieves an F1 of 0.914 in the postevaluation stage by updating the entity dictionary to the one of GemNet, which is higher than the score of 1st on the leaderboard of the evaluation stage.


Patronising and Condescending Language Detection with Synthetically Generated Data

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An Ensemble Transformers-based Model for Arabic Sarcasm Detection

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Patronising and Condescending Language Detection with Synthetically Generated Data

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An Ensemble Transformers-based Model for Arabic Sarcasm Detection

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A deep generative approach to native language identification

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