Dominican Republic

This paper uses domain-specific data extracted from publicly available data on social media platforms, Reddit and Twitter, to analyze the psychosocioeconomic factors that affect domestic violence survivors and provide insight into the factors that contribute to their reluctance to leave abusive relationships. We propose a methodology that employs unsupervised machine learning algorithms and natural language processing to extract abstract topics from a large corpus of unstructured text. Further, we provide a few recommendations for policymakers based on the nature of the impact on domestic violence survivors from our analysis.

EMNLP 2021

#WhyDidTheyStay: An NLP-driven approach to analyzing the factors that affect domestic violence victims

EMNLP 2021 is planned to be a hybrid event in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, with both on-site and fully virtual participation possible. The experience for on-site participants would closely approximate a normal pre-COVID *ACL conference, with 5-6 thematically organized parallel sessions and live Q/A and interactive discussion immediately after the talks. Presentations by virtual participants will be equitably interleaved with those of on-site participants, projected on the auditorium screens as if on-site, and also followed immediately by live Q/A and interactive discussion at a time during reasonable waking hours for the virtual presenter. For all participants, on-site and virtual, who are unable to attend a session due to either time-zone issues or because they are participating in another session live, talk recordings and slides will be available online at a minimum after the live presentation (and in many cases before as well), and questions may be submitted in advance on session-specific discussion boards and answered live in session with the usual visual aids if desired.

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Please Note: The EMNLP registration system is not currently connected to the underline site as we are still in the process of building out EMNLP 2021. You will receive access instructions from underline the week of November 1st. 

Access is given only to EMNLP upon registration, if you have not registered please do so [here](https://2021.emnlp.org/registration).

Registered attendees will receive access the week of November 1st.

EMNLP 2021 is planned to be a hybrid event in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, with both on-site and fully virtual participation possible.

workshop paper

Query auto completion (QAC) is the task of predicting a search engine user’s final query from their intermediate, incomplete query. In this paper, we extend QAC to the streaming voice search setting, where automatic speech recognition systems produce intermediate transcripts as users speak. Naïvely applying existing methods fails because the intermediate transcripts often don’t form prefixes or even substrings of the final transcript. To address this issue, we propose to condition QAC approaches on intermediate transcripts to complete voice queries. We evaluate our models on a speech-enabled smart television with reallife voice search traffic, finding that this ASRaware conditioning improves the completion quality. Our best method obtains an 18% relative improvement in mean reciprocal rank over previous methods.

Voice Query Auto Completion

Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification (LMTC) includes tasks with hierarchical label spaces, such as automatic assignment of ICD codes to discharge summaries. Performance of models in prior art is evaluated with standard precision, recall, and F1 measures without regard for the rich hierarchical structure. In this work we argue for hierarchical evaluation of the predictions of LMTC models. We discuss a previously described set-based metric for hierarchical evaluation, and propose a count-preserving alternative. We compare the evaluation scores from the proposed metrics with previously used metrics on prior art LMTC models for ICD-9 coding in MIMIC-III.

CoPHE: A Count-Preserving Hierarchical Evaluation Metric in Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification

A challenge in designing high-stakes language assessments is calibrating the test item difficulties, either a priori or from limited pilot test data. While prior work has addressed `cold start' estimation of item difficulties without piloting, we devise a multi-task generalized linear model with BERT features to *jump-start* these estimates, rapidly improving their quality with as few as 500 test-takers and a small sample of item exposures (≈6 each) from a large item bank (≈4,000 items). Our joint model provides a principled way to compare test-taker proficiency, item difficulty, and language proficiency frameworks like the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). This also enables new item difficulty estimates without piloting them first, which in turn limits item exposure and thus enhances test security. Finally, using operational data from the Duolingo English Test, a high-stakes English proficiency test, we find that difficulty estimates derived using this method correlate strongly with lexico-grammatical features that correlate with reading complexity.

Jump-Starting Item Parameters for Adaptive Language Tests

Relating entities and events in text is a key component of natural language understanding. Cross-document coreference resolution, in particular, is important for the growing interest in multi-document analysis tasks. In this work we propose a new model that extends the efficient sequential prediction paradigm for coreference resolution to cross-document settings and achieves competitive results for both entity and event coreference while providing strong evidence of the efficacy of both sequential models and higher-order inference in cross-document settings. Our model incrementally composes mentions into cluster representations and predicts links between a mention and the already constructed clusters, approximating a higher-order model. In addition, we conduct extensive ablation studies that provide new insights into the importance of various inputs and representation types in coreference.

Sequential Cross-Document Coreference Resolution

Traditional event extraction methods require predefined event types and their corresponding annotations to learn event extractors. These prerequisites are often hard to be satisfied in real-world applications. This work presents a corpus-based open-domain event type induction method that automatically discovers a set of event types from a given corpus. As events of the same type could be expressed in multiple ways, we propose to represent each event type as a cluster of <predicate sense, object head> pairs. Specifically, our method (1) selects salient predicates and object heads, (2) disambiguates predicate senses using only a verb sense dictionary, and (3) obtains event types by jointly embedding and clustering <predicate sense, object head> pairs in a latent spherical space. Our experiments, on three datasets from different domains, show our method can discover salient and high-quality event types, according to both automatic and human evaluations.

Corpus-based Open-Domain Event Type Induction

Much of the existing linguistic data in many languages of the world is locked away in non-digitized books and documents. Optical character recognition (OCR) can be used to produce digitized text, and previous work has demonstrated the utility of neural post-correction methods that improve the results of general-purpose OCR systems on recognition of less-well-resourced languages. However, these methods rely on manually curated post-correction data, which are relatively scarce compared to the non-annotated raw images that need to be digitized. 

In this paper, we present a semi-supervised learning method that makes it possible to utilize these raw images to improve performance, specifically through the use of self-training, a technique where a model is iteratively trained on its own outputs. In addition, to enforce consistency in the recognized vocabulary, we introduce a lexically aware decoding method that augments the neural post-correction model with a count-based language model constructed from the recognized texts, implemented using weighted finite-state automata (WFSA) for efficient and effective decoding.

Results on four endangered languages demonstrate the utility of the proposed method, with relative error reductions of 15-29%, where we find the combination of self-training and lexically-aware decoding essential for achieving consistent improvements

Lexically-Aware Semi-Supervised Learning for OCR Post-Correction

Event time is one of the most important features for event-event temporal relation extraction. However, explicit event time information in text is sparse. For example, only about 20\% of event mentions in TimeBank-Dense have event-time links. In this paper, we propose a joint model for event-event temporal relation classification and an auxiliary task, relative event time prediction, which predicts the event time as real numbers. We adopt a Stack-Propagation framework to incorporate predicted relative event time for temporal relation classification and keep the differentiability. Our experiments on MATRES dataset show that our model can significantly improve the RoBERTa-based baseline and achieve state-of-the-art performance.

Utilizing Relative Event Time to Enhance Event-Event Temporal Relation Extraction

The presentation includes a brief introduction with providing descriptive details about the confusing points contained in the research paper

Sinhala-English Code-mixed and Code-switched Data Classification

Coreference resolution is the task of identifying mentions that refer to the same entity in a given text. In a discourse, a key part of the interpretation process for advanced spoken dialog requires a coreference module to be present in applications. Our goal is to design a dataset that captures coreference in our system and create a model to improve the discourse in Athena, a chit-chat bot that was a finalist in the the Alexa Prize 2021 Social Bot competition. We then compare its performance on a set of pronominal types: it, they, that, she, he, her, him, his, and hers, and how it performs across the topics of Movies, Sports, Television, and Music. Our findings show that our fine-tuned outperforms an out-of-the-box AllenAI model that uses SpanBERT embeddings.

"I don't know who she is": Discourse and Knowledge Driven Coreference Resolution

As the use of Natural Language Processing systems increases, there is a need to address the gender bias in these systems. While research is being done in the English language to quantify and eliminate bias, it is not the same for Indic Languages. Most Indic languages are gendered, i.e., each noun is assigned a gender. Therefore, evaluation differs from what is done in English. In this paper, we evaluate and find occupational bias in Indic languages. We prepare a dataset of gender-neutral occupations and gendered occupation pairs, in Hindi and Marathi

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