Italy

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9127.pdf

**Abstract:**

A fully integrated ultra-low-power step-down DC-DC converter is demonstrated in 65nm. This circuit is useful for converting battery voltage levels (2.5 - 3V) to digital and mixed-signal voltage levels for low-power always-on domains. A down conversion of 5:1 is utilized to provide a near-Vth digital voltage of 0.55-0.6V, while making higher voltages (1.2V, 1.8V) available as well. An inverter-based amplifier is utilized to achieve high speed regulation at low power. Measured results show an Efficiency-Enhancement-Factor (EEF) of 66% and a power density of 2.56 mW/mm2 at an output power of 100μW, which are state-of-the-art properties at this power level.

ESSCIRC ESSDERC 2021

An Inverter-Based, Ultra-Low Power, Fully Integrated, Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Buck Converter

voltage regulator

switched-capacitor

dc-dc conversion

The aim of ESSCIRC and ESSDERC is to provide an annual European forum for the presentation and discussion of recent advances in solid-state devices and circuits.
The level of integration for system-on-chip design is rapidly increasing.

This is made available by advances in semiconductor technology. Therefore, more than ever before, a deeper interaction among technologists, device experts, IC designers, and system designers is necessary. ESSCIRC and ESSDERC are governed by a common Steering Committee and share Plenary Keynote Presentations and Joint Sessions bridging both device and circuit communities.

Highlights:
* 3 joint keynote presentations
* 3 keynote presentations ESSCIRC
* 3 keynote presentations ESSDERC
* Invited papers with overall coverage of all aspects of advanced devices and circuits
* Presentation of IEEE and ESSCIRC/ESSDERC Awards
* Educational Events

JOINT PLENARY talks live broadcast: September 13, 2021<br>
ESSCIRC and ESSDERC KEYNOTE talks live broadcast: September 15, 2021<br>
LIVE Q&A INTERACTIVE sessions for all Conference Technical sessions: September 14 – 16 – 17, 2021<br>
LIVE Q&A INTERACTIVE sessions for all Educational Events: September 20-21-22, 2021<br>
(on demand videos available from September 6 until November 30, 2021)

**Please see here for the [ESSCIRC Guide](https://drive.google.com/file/d/10dghzuv4aQBty4QfTIY9Q8hXyqsue8Le/view?usp=sharing), [ESSDERC Guide](https://drive.google.com/file/d/10dx9y2tm9cHPDa4upNUYjfXCf44aPry5/view?usp=sharing), and the [Program at a Glance](https://drive.google.com/file/d/10eU0OLTXEpiNzI5hkqv4mSr43T8cedPP/view?usp=sharing)**


To access ESSCIRC ESSDERC 2021, you must pre-register for the conference.  Instructions on how to access the event will be provided directly to attendees and included on the ESSCIRC ESSDERC conference website. [Register now](https://www.esscirc-essderc2021.org/).

Please register for the ESSCIRC conference to join the event.

The aim of ESSCIRC and ESSDERC is to provide an annual European forum for the presentation and discussion of recent advances in solid-state devices and circuits.
The level of integration for system-on-chip design is rapidly increasing.

This is made available by advances in semiconductor technology. Therefore, more than ever before, a deeper interaction among technologists, device experts, IC designers, and system designers is necessary. ESSCIRC and ESSDERC are governed by a common Steering Committee and share Plenary Keynote Presentations and Joint Sessions bridging both device and circuit communities.





technical paper

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9190.pdf

**Abstract:**

This paper presents the design and the validation of a continuous-time 2nd-order analog filter with 40 MHz -3 dB cut-off frequency. The circuit synthesizes a pair of conjugated complex poles by leveraging the inductive behaviour of the source node of the folded branch of a differential amplifier. This circuital technique dominates noise power and harmonic distortion by a simple input MOS transistor pair of a differential stage, resulting in 7-nV/√Hz in-band Input Referred Noise power spectral density and 69 dB output Dynamic Range. Moreover, this solution enables the introduction of gain in the filter, relaxing gain, power, and bandwidth requirements of the following stages in cascade structure. A filter prototype is realized in 28 nm CMOS, consuming 309 µW from 1.1 V and performing –6 dBm in-band Input IP3 at 20 dB passband gain.

309-µW 40-MHz 20-dB-Gain Analog Filter in 28nm-CMOS

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9089.pdf

**Abstract:**

This work introduces a class of voltage references able to operate down to 3.2 pW and 0.2-V supply for energy harvesting with relaxed or suppressed voltage regulation (direct harvesting). Inherent wafer-to-wafer process sensitivity limitations and effect of process corners in deep sub-threshold are mitigated via a selection/combination of circuit replicas driven by a process sensor, at zero testing effort and trimming. A 180-nm testchip shows 1.6% process sensitivity (including wafer-to-wafer variations), 60.7-µV/V line sensitivity, and 34.9-µV/°C temperature coefficient, leading to 1.4-mV overall accuracy across corner wafers.

A 3.2-pW, 0.2-V Trimming-Less Voltage Reference with 1.4-mV Across-Wafer Total Accuracy

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9299.pdf

**Abstract:**

In this paper, we propose an in-memory True Random Number Generator (TRNG) using Voltage-Controlled MRAM that doesn’t require calibration of the writing pulse’s width and amplitude. Previous solution using Spin Transfer Torque (STT) MRAM requires calibration for every MTJ, thus making the multi-row random number generation inside the memory impossible. We also propose a 100% relative throughput digital bias correction circuit that doesn’t degrade bit rate. The VC-MTJs are fabricated in CMOS BEOL compatible process with an 80 nm diameter and high TMR ratio of 160%. MRAM array circuits and bias correction circuits are fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology and wire-bonded with the VC-MTJ devices. Multiple VC-MTJs are tested and shown to pass all NIST randomness tests.

A Calibration-Free In-Memory True Random Number Generator Using Voltage-Controlled MRAM

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9307.pdf

**Abstract:**

This paper investigates reconfigurable physical unclonable function (PUF) design by exploiting the polarization switching variation and stochasticity in ferroelectric field-effect-transistors (FeFETs). The proposed PUFs include 1-transistor/cell (1T/C) and 2T/C designs. The denser 1T/C PUF splits random ‘0’ and ‘1’ states using a tactically pre-defined reference. The 2T/C PUF needs no dedicated references and obtains unbiased random states by differentiating two FeFETs under a proposed sensing error cancellation scheme. Experimental measurements have shown the uniform randomness, uniqueness, repeatability and reconfigurability of the response. Further simulations using an experimentally calibrated multi-domain FeFET model show high energy efficiency and robustness on design parameters.

Exploiting FeFET Switching Stochasticity for Low-Power Reconfigurable Physical Unclonable Function

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9243.pdf

**Abstract:**

A charge-domain SRAM-based CIM macro is proposed to implement efficient neural accelerator with variable input/weight/output precisions. A versatile All-Around-Wire-Capacitor (AAWC) is introduced to enable accurate charge-domain MAV operation with 1-5 bit variable-precision weight capability with 10T SRAM cell structure. The AAWC also allows variable-precision array-embedded 1-5 bit digital-to-analog (DA) conversion for input, and 1-6 bit analog-to-digital (AD) conversion for output without additional passive devices. Such array-embedded DA/AD conversion scheme significantly reduces area overhead and simplifies peripheral circuits to achieve high array efficiency while achieving high energy efficiency of 24–330 TOPS/W.

A Charge-Domain Computation-in-Memory Macro with Versatile All-Around-Wire-Capacitor for Variable-Precision Computation and Array-Embedded DA/AD Conversions

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9200.pdf

**Abstract:**

This work presents an SRAM macro for continuous data buffering, simultaneous (always-on) in-memory computing for area- and energy-efficient event detection, and energy-efficient bulk read upon event occurrence for off-memory deeper data insights. The bitcell with non-precharged operation enables signed current summing for energy-efficient inference, 90% bitline activity reduction in conventional reads without any data prediction circuitry. Hence, the proposed SRAM uniquely enhances energy efficiency both in read access and in-memory compute operation. The proposed SRAM achieves 109TOPS/mm2 area efficiency and 749-1,459TOPS/W energy efficiency in 28nm under neural net workloads.

SRAM with In-Memory Inference and 90% Bitline Activity Reduction for Always-on Sensing with 109 TOPS/mm2 and 749-1,459 TOPS/W in 28nm

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9198.pdf

**Abstract:**

This paper presents a reconfigurable in-memory computing macro for processing neural networks using 7T SRAM bitcells with decoupled read with an extra NMOS transistor. Zero inputs and weights are skipped based on the dual bitcell structure for saving energy. Binary-searching ADCs are embedded into every columns of the bitcell array and they enhance the performance and energy-efficiency. There are three types of bitcells per each bitcell column for processing dot-products, calibrating offsets, and performing a binary-searching ADC operation column-by-column. A test-chip is fabricated using 65nm, and the linearity of 128x column-based neurons are measured.

A Zero-Skipping Reconfigurable SRAM In-Memory Computing Macro with Binary-Searching ADC

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9179.pdf

**Abstract:**

This paper presents a buck converter with sub-nW quiescent power, high efficiency, and a wide dynamic range for ultra-low-power (ULP) IoT SoCs. To optimize the SoC power consumption, the buck converter supports fast dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and enables fast load-transient response (FLTR) through asynchronous control. In addition, the buck converter is fully self-contained with all features integrated on chip including a proposed adaptive deadtime controller. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS, measurement results show the buck converter has an 802pW quiescent power at 1.5V input voltage and a 93% peak efficiency. The measured dynamic range is from 0.5nW to 2.75mW, which is over 6 orders of magnitude. The measured voltage droop is 54mV for a 45nA-to-1mA load current step thanks to the asynchronous load-transient detector. The buck converter achieves the highest efficiency and widest dynamic range among all the state-of-the-art sub-nW switching voltage regulators, which makes it well suited for power management in ULP SoCs.

An 802pW 93% Peak Efficiency Buck Converter with 5.5×106 Dynamic Range Featuring Fast DVFS and Asynchronous Load-Transient Control

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9130.pdf

**Abstract:**

This work presents a fast-transient and low-power, external-clock-less digital low-dropout regulator (DLDO) using a wide-range adaptive sampling frequency, fSP. Using two tightly-interlocking sub-comparators, i.e., a delay-line-based comparator (DLC) and an edge-racing comparator (ERC), the proposed gear-shifting comparator (GSC) can scale the fSP dynamically in a wide range so that it can make the DLDO concurrently achieve a fast response in the transient state and a small quiescent current in the steady state. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the DLDO achieved a 46-ns settling time using only a 10-μA quiescent current. The transient FOM was 0.0084 mV, which was the best among the state-of-the-art DLDOs.

A 0.0084-mV-FOM, Fast-Transient and Low-Power External-Clock-Less Digital LDO Using a Gear-Shifting Comparator for the Wide-Range Adaptive Sampling Frequency

**Please read the paper on the following link:**

https://1worldcontent.com/ess/9142.pdf

**Abstract:**

This paper proposed a light-load efficient DC-DC converter with dual-lower-bound hysteresis control and frequency control for always-on Internet-of-Things applications. The dual-lower-bound hysteresis control allows the frequency to change dynamically according to the load current, which enhances the light-load efficiency. A fast transient response is also provided for wake-up events in IoT devices. A fully integrated 1/2 capacitive DC-DC converter is implemented in 180 nm CMOS process to demonstrate this concept. The result shows that a 77.3% efficiency is guaranteed over 100x load current ranges and a 80 ns active response time is achieved in 0.04 mA - 4 mA load transient.

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