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Showcased here (1 of 2 posters) are the details of Kirchhoff&#39;s two Laws of Electricity presented via spiral teaching in terms of voltage loops which are scaled per charge and current splitting scaled per time as, respectively, applications of the Conservation of Energy and Mass to students in a way that emphasizes these concepts and further buttresses these laws of physics as universal. Possible student misunderstandings and updated useful suggestions for teachers are included. This poster builds on the oral presentation “Spiraling Conservation of Energy/Mass in Introductory Physics: Kirchhoff to Bernoulli” also at this conference.

AAPT SM 21

Kirchhoff&#39;s Laws of Electricity in terms of Conservation of Energy/Mass

conservation laws

kirchhoff laws

teaching

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Showcased here (1 of 2 posters) are the details of Kirchhoff's two Laws of Electricity presented via spiral teaching in terms of voltage loops which are scaled per charge and current splitting scaled per time as, respectively, applications of the Conservation of Energy and Mass to students in a way that emphasizes these concepts and further buttresses these laws of physics as universal. Possible student misunderstandings and updated useful suggestions for teachers are included. This poster builds on the oral presentation “Spiraling Conservation of Energy/Mass in Introductory Physics: Kirchhoff to Bernoulli” also at this conference.

Kirchhoff's Laws of Electricity in terms of Conservation of Energy/Mass

poster

We conducted research on student difficulties and used it as a guide to develop, validate and evaluate a quantum interactive learning tutorial (QuILT) on Larmor precession of spin to help students learn about time-dependence of expectation values in quantum mechanics. The QuILT builds on students' prior knowledge and strives to help them develop a good knowledge structure of relevant concepts. It adapts visualization tools to help students develop intuition about these topics and focuses on helping students integrate qualitative and quantitative understanding. Here, we summarize the development, validation and in-class evaluation. We thank the National Science Foundation for support.

Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial on Larmor Precession of Spin

In quantum mechanics, representations of quantum operators in the position or momentum representation is an important concept for students to learn. However, many students have difficulties writing operators in the position and momentum representations. We investigated student difficulties with quantum operators in the position or momentum representation in the context of Dirac notation so that we can use them to develop learning tools such as a Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial (QuILT) to help students develop a robust understanding of these concepts. Here we describe the investigation of student difficulties. We thank the National Science Foundation for support.

Student understanding of quantum mechanical observables and corresponding operators

Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) is an instructional strategy involving feedback from students on pre-lecture activities in order to design in-class activities to build on the continuing feedback from students. We investigated the effectiveness of a JiTT approach, which included in-class concept tests using clickers in an upper-division quantum mechanics course. We analyzed student performance on pre-lecture reading quizzes, in-class clicker questions answered individually, and clicker questions answered after group discussion, and compared those performances with open-ended retention quizzes administered after all instructional activities on the same concepts. In general, compared to the reading quizzes, student performance improved when individual clicker questions were posed after lectures that focused on student difficulties found via electronic feedback. The performance on the clicker questions after group discussion following individual clicker question responses also showed improvement. We discuss some possible reasons for improved performance at various stages. We thank the National Science Foundation for support.

Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction in a Quantum Mechanics Course

In this paper we offer updated versions of two 1970's-vintage open world experiments (one on acceleration, and the other on Poisson statistics). We the discuss prospects for expanding these to a wider range of topics, as well as some of the challenges and opportunities for giving students a more active role in experimental design, and scientific reporting, with help from now widely available electronic technologies.

Bringing new life to open-world physics lab experiments

Societal stereotypes and biases pertaining to who belongs in physics and who can excel in physics can impact motivational beliefs, e.g., of women and racial and ethnic minority students in physics courses. This study investigates how the learning environment predicts male and female students’ motivational beliefs including physics self-efficacy, interest, and identity at the end of year long (spanning two-semester) algebra-based introductory physics courses. These were courses at a large university in the US taken primarily by biological science majors many of whom are interested in health professions. Although women are not underrepresented in these physics courses, societal stereotypes and biases internalized by female students over their lifetime can still impact their motivational beliefs about physics. Our findings show gender gap in motivational beliefs favoring men. These findings can be useful to provide support and create an equitable and inclusive learning environment to help all students excel in these courses.

How the learning environment predicts students’ motivational beliefs in physics

Intelligence mindset has been studied extensively in education research, but domain-specific intelligence mindset research is relatively new in the physics context. Additionally, recent mindset research has uncovered separable factors within the intelligence mindset construct. In this study, we test a model involving four factors (My Ability, My Growth, Others' Ability, and Others' Growth) to pre and post survey data from Physics 1 classes. In particular, we explore how these mindset factors change over time as well as their ability to predict course grade. We find that students are less likely to endorse a growth mindset for themselves and others at the end of their first calculus-based introductory physics course than at the beginning. We also find that decrease in mindset measures are more drastic for female students than male students. Finally, we find that the best predictor of course grades is the My Ability component of the mindset construct, which has implications both for creating equitable and inclusive learning environment and determining how educators implement mindset interventions.

Who do students believe a growth mindset applies to?

Modified Module Analysis (MMA) has proven to be a productive method for studying physics conceptual inventories. MMA can be used to analyze large datasets by forming networks of item responses then using community detection algorithms to identify responses that are consistently selected together. MMA has been applied to many physics instruments, such as the Force Concept Inventory, identifying underlying misconceptions measured by the instrument and providing insight into the structure of those misconceptions. In this study, MMA was applied to over 8000 pretest and post-test responses to the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS). The CLASS was separated into “expert-like” and “unexpert-like” responses, corresponding to the responses that were chosen by experts in physics. The communities present in the networks naturally separated into expert-like and unexpert-like communities. These communities were analyzed to determine coherent structure in the instrument and in students’ attitudes about science.

Network Analysis of the CLASS

Within whiteness, the organization of social life is in terms of a center and margins that are based on dominance, control, and a transcendent figure that is consistently and structurally ascribed value over and above other figures. In this poster, we use an example from an introductory physics course to show how whiteness is reproduced in physics classroom spaces, and we name some of the mechanisms that facilitate that reproduction.

Seeing Whiteness in Introductory Physics: A Case Study

We have developed a workshop, which meets weekly in an online synchronous format, to support physics majors during the pandemic and to help them develop essential transferrable skills. Class typically begins with a check in to see how students are coping with the challenges of college during the pandemic. The rest of the time is spent on activities and discussions designed to help students develop communication and problem-solving skills, such as communicating science to the public and tackling open-ended problems, that are not commonly addressed elsewhere in the curriculum. There is flexibility built into the class such that we can adapt the schedule to meet the needs of the students or to go into more depth on certain topics. This poster will discuss the workshop format and activities as well as student feedback on the workshop and the potential for incorporating such a course into the physics curriculum.

Developing Essential Physics Skills through a Workshop-style Course

TYCs have unique opportunities to support their students, like through close student-teacher relationships due to small class sizes, and we studied one such class in a cohort program at a TYC for natural science majors intending to transfer. This course was a STEM research methods course that we observed by taking field notes, administering written journal reflections to the students throughout the course, and by interviewing some of the students at the end of the course. In this poster, we will discuss the course overall and the student experiences, as well as the ways our observational methods supported us building helpful research relationships.

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