Such a fascinating talk! Thank you. Post-raid rituals seem sort of cultural adaptation to collectively cope with a negative experience. What would be its psychological social mechanisms that underly the function of this ritual?

This is fascinating! I really love your statement that depressive PTSD symptoms can depend on cultural norms. What makes people depressive is not only the traumatic experience itself, but also the feeling that this is inappropriate and not normal. Whether one's trait, emotion, or value matches the cultural expectation has a huge impact on their mental health and well-being. This will be a even bigger issue, if some of the experiences will be morally judged or stigmatized by the society. Our society should fix our own bias first.

Hi Niek. Thank you for your question! There were a few older participants in the study who fought in the time before firearms, but not enough for any reliable data. My prediction would be that there would be a lower prevalence of all symptoms types without firearms, though I don't have a strong prediction about the relative prevalence. In the comments from Sarah Mathew's talk from today, she provides some additional information about pre-firearm warfare.

This is fascinating, thanks! You mentioned that the death rate is higher since the introduction of firearms into the region, making combat more extreme. Have there been studies that looked at comparable cases where weapons are still traditional?

I'm sorry this talk is over time! I confused the time limit with the time limit for another conference.