United States

Our submission presented in this paper is for SemEval-2026 Task 9: Multilingual Text Classification Challenge - Polarization Detection and it covers all three subtasks: (1) binary polarization detection, (2) polarization type classification and (3) polarization manifestation identification. We adopt a systematic approach of research on short designed prompts by considering twelve designed prompts that are different in terminology clarity, detail of the definition, guidance of reasoning and in-context examples use. The experiments are conducted using aya-101 and Gemma3-27B, with the latter chosen for the submission at the end of the development through performance considerations. Our system has an average macro level \textbf{F1-score of 0.762 on Subtask 1, 0.587 on Subtask 2 and 0.444 on Subtask 3} with the average accuracy of 0.819, 0.678 and 0.498, respectively, on the official test set averaged among 22 languages, respectively. With cross-task and cross-lingual analysis, we demonstrate that prompt-based approaches can be used effectively to detect coarse-grained polarization but encounter more and more difficulties as far as fine-grained and multi-label sociolinguistic classification is concerned.

ACL 2026

Lingo_Research_Group at SemEval-2026 Task 9: Evaluating Prompt Variants for Polarization Detection

polarization

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workshop paper

We present a hybrid system for SemEval 2026
Task 5: Rating Plausibility of Word Senses in
Ambiguous Stories. Our approach reframes
LLMs as feature generators rather than direct
predictors. We combine two subsystems: one
that appends LLM-generated hints to the in-
put context and trains an encoder-based regres-
sion model, and another that feeds structured
hints from multiple LLM configurations into a
lightweight regression ensemble. We generate
multilingual enrichments to probe LLMs for
complementary signals and take advantage of
the fact that translation into certain languages
implicitly disambiguates word senses, making
the encoder more robust. The 50/50 ensem-
ble achieves 859/930 (92.37%) accuracy with
Spearman ρ= 0.8384 on the test set, exceed-
ing the estimated human ceiling of 89.2%. The
same LLM enrichments, processed through fun-
damentally different paradigms (tabular regres-
sion vs. full-text encoding), produce comple-
mentary errors that cancel under ensembling.
Notably, simple 50/50 averaging captures this
gain without any learned combiner, suggest-
ing that

Tifin India at SemEval-2026 Task 5: Semantic Bridge: Augmented Encoding for Word Sense Plausibility

Automatically determining whether source code is human written or produced by a specific family of large language models is becoming essential for reliable assessment, provenance tracking, and dataset curation. We present a lightweight yet competitive system for SemEval 2026 Task 13 Subtask B, which requires attributing each snippet to one of eleven classes: human or one of ten LLM families. Our method repurposes code oriented instruction tuned backbones from the Qwen2.5 Coder series as sequence classifiers and adapts them using QLoRA, combining frozen low precision weights with low rank trainable adapters to reduce memory and compute overhead. The core design choice addresses long snippets without losing evidence. Instead of truncating to a fixed context, we apply an overlapping sliding window strategy that expands long examples into multiple fixed length windows during training, all sharing the same label. For validation and test, windows are generated on the fly and their evidence is aggregated by averaging logits to yield a single prediction per snippet, enabling token complete use of the input while keeping inference stable. Our final submission ranked 8th on the official Subtask B test set leaderboard.

CodeDet-NITS at SemEval-2026 Task 13: AI Code Authorship Detection Beyond Truncation

This paper presents the NIT-Agartala-NLPTeam's submission to SemEval-2026 Task 9
on polarization detection in textual data. The
task comprises two subtasks: (i) binary classification to distinguish polarized from nonpolarized content, and (ii) multi-label classification to identify the specific type(s) of polarization. We propose a weighted soft-voting
ensemble framework that integrates multiple
fine-tuned large language models (LLMs). The
probabilistic outputs of the individual models are combined using weighted averaging
to effectively leverage their complementary
strengths and enhance overall performance.
Our system achieved a test macro F1-score of
78.6 (26th out of 44 teams) in Subtask 1 and
46.0 (18th out of 29 teams) in Subtask 2.

NIT-Agartala-NLP-Team at SemEval-2026 Task 9: A Weighted Soft-Voting Ensemble Framework of Fine-Tuned LLMs for Binary and Multi-Label Polarization Detection

We present our coarse-to-fine Valence-Arousal (VA) ensemble system for subtask 1 of task 3 (DimABSA) which covers aspect-level VA prediction. We use a pair of trained Qwen 3 8B LoRA-tuned LLMs to predict coarse bins between 1 and 8, providing ordinal VA guidance signals along with distributional features. We then train an instruction-style, multilingual E5 encoder model with a multitask head using these LLM-derived guidance features to produce continuous VA predictions. At inference time, the same guidance signals are generated for the test set by the trained LLMs and fed into the trained encoder. This approach leverages the LLM as a high-level prior while relying on the encoder for precise calibration across languages and domains. Our system achieves an RMSE_VA of 1.20 across six languages and five domains. We compare the joint VA model to separated valence and arousal models trained on coarsened ground truth data, showing that it outperforms them, particularly on arousal correlations.

RPI Team at SemEval-2026 Task 3: An LLM-Encoder Ensemble for Coarse-to-Fine Valence-Arousal Sentiment Prediction

We present a Span-Consistency Network (SCN) for conspiracy marker extraction in English social media text. The task requires identifying character-level spans for five marker types (Actor, Action, Effect, Evidence, and Victim) under overlap-based Macro F1 evaluation. Standard token-level classifiers often produce fragmented spans, ignore inter-marker dependencies, and struggle with severe class imbalance.

Our approach addresses these challenges through three components. First, a Span Consistency Layer (SCL) propagates span-level confidence signals to encourage coherent boundary formation. Second, Cross-Marker Attention (CMA) models co-occurrence patterns between marker types via a learned correlation matrix. Third, we introduce Span Count Regularization (SCR), a total-variation-based constraint that aligns soft token probabilities with the expected number of discrete spans, mitigating prediction collapse under threshold decoding.

Built on DeBERTa-v3-large and trained with a recall-biased Tversky loss, our system is ensembled across five stratified folds. It achieved a Macro F1 of 0.24 on the official test set, placing second among participating teams. Ablation studies show that SCR plays a critical role in maintaining span structure, particularly for low-frequency and long-span markers.

CredenceAI at SemEval-2026 Task 10: A Span-Consistency Network with Cross-Marker Attention for Conspiracy Marker Extraction

This paper presents our findings for SemEval-2026 Task 9. We submit to all three subtasks using an LLM-as-an-annotator strategy, simulating the data annotation process with large language models. We created 30 LLM annotators using persona injection (also known as sociodemographic prompting) and experimented with various annotation aggregation methods, including Dawid-Skene and MACE. To further increase the variability in annotator responses, we used the hatefulness detection task as proxy for identifying polarisation. Our findings indicate that this reframing of the problem is effective for the binary classification of polarisation, but is less effective for finer-grained polarisation detection. For subtasks 2 and 3, majority voting yielded the best overall performance. While our unsupervised approach does not rank as highly as supervised ones, this work provides insight into the utility of persona-based prompting and the issue of LLM annotators exhibiting high intra-model agreement.

ShefFriday at SemEval-2026 Task 9: LLM-Based Annotation Methods for Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural and Multievent Online Polarisation

Conspiracy believers use significantly more psycholinguistic markers per post than nonbelievers (Cohen's d = 0.56, p < 10⁻⁸⁰), a pattern we term narrative density, suggesting that belief manifests as structurally denser conspiratorial frames distributed across the full text rather than concentrated in specific lexical cues.

We present Truth Gradient's system for SemEval-2026 Task 10 Subtask 2 (Samory et al., 2026): a DeBERTaV3-large model with mean pooling and a 5-seed probability-averaging ensemble achieving macro F1 = 0.829 on the 77-sample development set and 0.75 on the official test set. The 5-fold CV estimate (0.734 ± 0.007) proves the more reliable predictor of test performance, and we recommend it as standard practice for low-resource shared tasks.

Two convergent tests support the narrative density account: masking annotated marker spans drops F1 by 5.3 pp, and direct marker-count fusion recovers +0.9 pp, though we note these are not conclusive given the small dev set. Cross-validated ablation identifies encoder fine-tuning as the dominant design factor (−7.2 pts), and layer-wise probing confirms belief information peaks at mid-stack layers (layer 16/24).

Truth Gradient at SemEval-2026 Task 10:Conspiracy Belief Detection via Narrative Density and Mean Pooling

Conspiracy theories widely spread on social media and can harm society 
by increasing mistrust, vaccine hesitancy, and political radicalization. 
However, most automated detection systems have traditionally relied on 
topic-specific classifiers, which often struggle to generalize across 
domains and provide little explanation for why a text is considered 
conspiratorial. To address these limitations, this paper explores various 
LLMs on the SemEval-2026 Task 10: psycholinguistic conspiracy marker 
extraction and binary conspiracy detection from Reddit submission 
statements. Specifically, we adopt a training-free few-shot prompting 
approach using different instruction-tuned large language models under a 
variety of few-shot settings (k in {0,1,5,10,15, 20}). Within this 
framework, the proposed prompting strategy incorporates psychology-informed 
instructions to guide the models in identifying conspiracy-related signals. 
As a result, the presented system achieves an F1 score of 0.21 for marker 
extraction and 0.81 for conspiracy detection, ranking 16th out of 30 teams 
in Subtask~1 and 36th out of 52 in Subtask~2 without any task-specific 
fine-tuning. These results suggest that psycholinguistically grounded 
prompting can support interpretable conspiracy analysis; however, challenges 
remain in identifying implicit markers.

CUET_320 at SemEval-2026 Task 10: Few-Shot Large Language Models for Psycholinguistic Marker Extraction and Conspiracy Detection

Despite the need to address the proliferation of conspiracy theories in online discussions, there is a lack of benchmarks for effectively detecting conspiracy-related content in everyday conversational settings. We introduce a novel dataset of comments from Reddit, ranging from politics to TV series, as well as two synergetic tasks: (1) extracting five psycholinguistic markers, grounded in evolutionary psychology, and (2) detecting conspiracy content. The data enable multi-task approaches, allowing testing of whether marker extraction improves detection performance.

SemEval-2026 Task 10: PsyCoMark -- Psycholinguistic Conspiracy Marker Extraction and Detection

We present our shared task on evaluating the adaptability of LLMs and NLP systems across multiple languages and cultures. The task data consist of an extended version of our manually constructed BLEnD benchmark (Myung et al., 2024), covering more than 30 language--culture pairs, predominantly representing low-resource languages spoken across multiple continents. As the task is designed strictly for evaluation, participants were not permitted to use the data for training, fine-tuning, few-shot learning, or any other form of model modification.

Our task includes two tracks: (a) Short-Answer Questions (SAQ) and (b) Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ). Participants were required to predict labels and were allowed to submit any NLP system and adopt diverse modelling strategies, provided that the benchmark was used solely for evaluation. The task attracted more than 140 registered participants, and we received final submissions from 62 teams, along with 19 system description papers.

We report the results and present an analysis of the best-performing systems and the most commonly adopted approaches. Furthermore, we discuss shared insights into open questions and challenges related to evaluation, misalignment, and methodological perspectives on model behaviour in low-resource languages and for under-represented cultures. Our data and resources are available at https://github.com/BLEnD-SemEval2026/SemEval-2026-Task-7.

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