United States

Memes on social media have emerged as a crucial medium for disseminating vaccine-related viewpoints, yet their inherent irony, metaphor, and text-image misalignment pose significant challenges to automatic detection. In this paper, we propose MoEs-VaxAgent, a two-stage multimodal framework for vaccine critical meme detection. First, we design a dynamic routing Mixture-of-Experts module capable of adaptively capturing multi-granular semantic cues within memes. Second, to address hard samples located at the decision boundaries, we introduce an uncertainty-aware multi-agent rectification mechanism to perform a secondary detection on samples identified with low confidence in the first stage. In the EEUCA 2026 Shared Task on Multimodal Vaccine Critical Meme Detection, our system achieved a Macro F1-score of 0.8205, ranking 9th on the official leaderboard. Furthermore, we discuss various exploratory strategies evaluated during the competition and provide a detailed analysis of the model&#39;s performance.

ACL 2026

wenbin@EEUCA 2026: MoEs-VaxAgent, A Two-Stage Framework for Multimodal Vaccine Critical Meme Detection

vaccine critical meme detection

llm agents

mixture-of-experts

multimodal classification

It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2026), held in San Diego, California, USA, July 2–7, 2026. ACL 2026 continues our fields tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity, and I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers who have worked tirelessly to bring this event to life.

It is exciting to see the many developments in the field reflected at our conference, such as the advancement of large language models (born out of our community) into many application directions. This is not without challenges, partly due to unsolved problems, and partly due to misuse of the technology. All this is reflected well at ACL 2026. The conference also reflects that the field is not only about advancing technology, but also the science of fundamentally understanding language and how it is use by many different speaker communities. <br>
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The 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2026) will take place in San Diego, California, from July 2 - 7, 2026.

Memes on social media have emerged as a crucial medium for disseminating vaccine-related viewpoints, yet their inherent irony, metaphor, and text-image misalignment pose significant challenges to automatic detection. In this paper, we propose MoEs-VaxAgent, a two-stage multimodal framework for vaccine critical meme detection. First, we design a dynamic routing Mixture-of-Experts module capable of adaptively capturing multi-granular semantic cues within memes. Second, to address hard samples located at the decision boundaries, we introduce an uncertainty-aware multi-agent rectification mechanism to perform a secondary detection on samples identified with low confidence in the first stage. In the EEUCA 2026 Shared Task on Multimodal Vaccine Critical Meme Detection, our system achieved a Macro F1-score of 0.8205, ranking 9th on the official leaderboard. Furthermore, we discuss various exploratory strategies evaluated during the competition and provide a detailed analysis of the model's performance.

workshop paper

This paper describes our system for the EEUCA 2026 Shared Task on toxicity classification in gaming chat. We implement a three-stage pipeline combining an ensemble of two compact transformers (DeBERTa-v3-base,184M;XLM-RoBERTa-base,278M) with a Linguistically-Informed Mediator (LIM) that resolves inter-model disagreements through corpus-backed lexical normalization,class-conditional unigram scoring,multilingual profanity detection,and agentive targeting analysis grounded in speech act theory.The LIM specifically targets the minority classes(Hate & Harassment,Threats,and Extremism),which are the most safety-critical categories in real-world gaming moderation.To address the extreme class imbalance(1,450:1 Non-toxic to Extremism ratio),we introduce a two-stage data augmentation strategy using only the provided training data.Our system achieves a Macro F1 of 0.6441 and accuracy of 0.9062 on the official test set,ranking 3rd in Macro F1 and 1st in accuracy among all teams.The proposed pipeline is domain-portable:adapting to other gaming platforms requires substituting only the game-specific entity lexicon.Code is publicly available at https://github.com/Anmol2059/thaulab_EEUCA.

thaulab@EEUCA 2026: Who Said What to Whom? A Targeting-Aware Neural-Symbolic Pipeline for Gaming Toxicity Detection

Event extraction for low-resource languages such as Vietnamese is limited by the lack of large-scale annotated data. To address this, we propose a weakly supervised framework that constructs a silver corpus via pseudo-labeling. We introduce a cross-document n-ary relation filtering strategy to reduce noise by leveraging consistency across multiple articles describing the same event, and further enhance data diversity with schema-based augmentation. Experiments on the BKEE benchmark show consistent improvements, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. Data is available at: \url{https://github.com/Larken1612/VietEE2}.

Constructing a Silver Corpus for Weakly Supervised Vietnamese Event Extraction using Cross-Document N-ary Relation Filtering

This paper presents two systems for the Game-Tox Shared Task at the Workshop on EEUCA at ACL 2026, which requires classifying World of Tanks chat utterances into six fine-grained toxic intent categories (Labels 0–5). Severe class imbalance, domain-specific multilingual slang, and extremely scarce data for rare categories such as Threats (Label 4, 60 samples) and Extremism (Label 5, 24 samples) make this a challenging classification problem. Our primary submission, RAKSHAK (rak s. aka, Sanskrit for “Protector”), is a multi-task DeBERTa-v3-base (He et al., 2022) framework combining rationale distillation from Qwen2.5-14B (An et al., 2024), Supervised Contrastive Loss, and dedicated rare-class binary heads. RAKSHAK’s training data is augmented with cross-domain transfer from the Jigsaw Toxic Comment dataset (16,225 samples mapped to Labels 1–4) and 100 LLM-generated extremism samples for Label 5. Our secondary system (M1) fine-tunes DeBERTa-v3-base with Focal Loss on the original GameTox data plus the same 100 extremism samples, without Jigsaw transfer. RAKSHAK achieves a Macro F1 of 0.5883 on the official test set, ranking 7th out of 35 participating teams, while M1 achieves 0.5252 Macro F1. An ablation comparing M1 with and without Jigsaw data shows that cross-domain transfer accounts for +2.6 F1 points, while RAKSHAK’s multi-task architecture contributes a further +3.7 points.

ShriNep@EEUCA 2026: RAKSHAK – Multi-Task DeBERTa with Rationale Distillation and Jigsaw-Augmented Training for Toxic Intent Classification

Research on Event Extraction (EE) in South Asian languages is crucial for understanding information dissemination and enabling automated news analysis in morphologically complex, low-resource environments. To address the scarcity of high-quality, publicly available datasets, we present Nepali Event Extraction (NepEE), a manually annotated corpus comprising 10,226 Devanagari sentences. The dataset includes annotations for trigger spans and event types, achieving high inter-annotator agreement with Fleiss’ kappa = 0.812 for trigger identification and kappa = 0.855 for event classification. Our dataset was developed through a rigorous iterative three-phase protocol involving five expert native speakers to ensure linguistic precision. We conduct benchmarking across a broad spectrum of approaches, including classical feature-based models, five fine-tuned Transformer encoders, and contemporary instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) using zero-shot and fixed few-shot prompting. Our analysis shows that Indic-specialized Transformers achieve superior classification performance, while traditional methods and few-shot prompting struggle with the challenges of exact span extraction in morphologically complex contexts. Furthermore, we quantify performance differences between sentence-level and span-level tasks, providing strong baselines for future research. The findings and the released NepEE dataset provide a valuable resource for advancing event understanding in low-resource languages (LRLs). All code and resources are available at https://github.com/SUJAL390/EEUCA-ACL-2026-Trigger-Phrase-Identification-and-Event-Classification-in-Low-Resource-Languages.

Benchmarking Models for Low-Resource Nepali Event Extraction with Trigger Phrase Identification and Event Classification

This paper describes our system for the EEUCA 2026 Shared Task on Understanding Toxic Behavior in Gaming Communities. The task involves classifying World of Tanks chat messages into six toxicity categories: Non-toxic, Insults/Flaming, Other Offensive, Hate/Harassment, Threats, and Extremism. We explore multiple approaches including encoder-based models, instruction-tuned LLMs with LoRA fine-tuning, hierarchical classification, one-vs-rest strategies, and various ensemble methods. Our best system combines Llama 3.1 8B with carefully calibrated 5% synthetic data augmentation, achieving an F1-macro score of 0.6234 on the test set, placing 4th out of 35 participating teams. We provide extensive analysis of the dataset's annotation patterns and their impact on model generalization, revealing a critical ``validation trap'' phenomenon where high validation performance correlates with poor test transfer.

PSK@EEUCA 2026: Fine-tuning Large Language Models with Synthetic Data Augmentation for Multi-class Toxicity Detection in Gaming Chat

Online gaming involves large amount of people forming a large community of players who interact in real time. Toxic behavior in online chat is common and can harm players by deterring them. Thus, automated moderation is a necessity but difficult because game chat mixes domain-specific slang, deliberate obfuscation, informal "gamer" language , and tiny support for categories such as threats and extremism. This paper describes the TAGA (Token-Attribution Guided Attention) system submitted to the EEUCA 2026 Shared Task on Understanding Toxic Behavior in Gaming Communities. We propose TAGA, an architecture that employs a leave-one-out attribution method using the Detoxify toxicity scorer to compute per-token attribution scores across multiple toxicity dimensions, which are then projected into the learned attention biases that steer the model toward toxicity-indicative tokens. By preparing a five phase ablation study, we demonstrate that each component: domain-specific preprocessing, focal loss with label smoothing, attribution-guided attention pooling, and dual-model Detoxify features with strategic oversampling contributes to a cumulative gain in macro-F1 score points over the DeBERTa-v3-base baseline reported. The final system achieves a test macro-F1 score of 0.618 and, importantly, produces non-zero predictions for extreme data imbalance present in the dataset used in the shared task.

TAGA@EEUCA 2026: Token-Attribution Guided Attention for Fine-Grained Toxic Behaviour Classification in Online Gaming Communities

Procedural event annotations record what changed but not the semantic relevance or grounding of the change: whether the annotated entity is the kind of thing whose state matters for the domain. We present Entity Qualia Structure (EQS), a per-entity sortal-type categorization (coarsened from Generative Lexicon's type system to three categories: natural, artifactual, instrument) extracted from existing lexical resources. Applied to the OpenPI food domain, EQS reaches 84.7% coverage of the 518-item entity vocabulary; across 9367 transformation annotations, only 51.1% concern food entities themselves, while 30.2% record state changes of instruments, entities whose sortal type places them outside the food-state task. In a three-way comparison against existing cleanup efforts, EQS uniquely flags 15.6% of annotations that neither human re-annotation (OpenPI-C) nor LLM salience scoring (OpenPI 2.0) catches. Analysis of the agentive quale reveals that 93% of agentive-positive annotations involve instruments rather than food: entity creation can only be detected when the agentive feature is paired with the associated verb's event semantics.

A Qualia-Based Audit of Procedural Event Annotations

Memes have emerged as a prominent medium for conveying public sentiment on sensitive health topics such as vaccination. Unlike conventional multimodal tasks, memes feature implicit stances, sarcastic nuances, and complex cross-modal interactions, posing significant challenges for accurate stance detection. This paper presents our approach for the VaxMeme Shared Task @EEUCA 2026, which aims to classify vaccine-related memes into three distinct classes: Vaccine-critical, Neutral, and Pro-vaccine. Building upon MemeCLIP, we systematically enhance our framework via task-specific adaptation, lightweight cross-modal fusion, noise-aware training, LLM-assisted semantic augmentation, and inference-stage optimization, ultimately ensembling multiple complementary variants for final predictions. Our ensemble method achieves a Macro-F1 score of 0.8494 on the official test set, securing first place and demonstrating the critical efficacy of noise-aware training and late-stage ensembling for robust stance identification.

LilyMeme@EEUCA 2026: Multimodal Vaccine Meme Stance Detection with Task-Adapted MemeCLIP and Complementary Ensembling

Event extraction requires performing two interdependent subtasks: event detection and event argument extraction. While prior work has explored pipelined and joint training approaches, the question of how best to coordinate training across these subtasks in generative LLM-based systems remains open. We present a systematic study comparing three training paradigms: disjoint, fully shared and hybrid weight allocation, instantiated as eight concrete strategies and evaluated on ACE2005 and RichERE across multiple instruction-tuned LLMs. Our findings show that training strategy has a consistent and meaningful effect on extraction accuracy, and that a clear best-performing strategy emerges across models and benchmarks. We believe that these findings could extend beyond event extraction to other information extraction tasks that decompose into interdependent subtasks.

When Tasks Share Structure: A Comparative Study of Training Strategies for Generative Event Extraction

The detection of toxic behavior in online gaming communities is crucial for maintaining safe digital spaces, yet remains challenging due to subtle context-dependent and intent-driven language. The GameTox dataset consists of around 53K World of Tanks chat utterances annotated across six categories: Non-toxic, Insults and Flaming, Other Offensive Texts, Hate and Harassment, Threats, and Extremism. Our best performing approach, across multiple transformer-based architecture experimentations, is based on the multilingual BERT variant mmBERT-base fine-tuned with class-weighted cross-entropy loss. The best mmBERT-base model achieved a Macro F1 of 0.5882 during validation and an official test Macro F1 of 0.5104 on the shared task leaderboard. An internal held-out evaluation on a development split yielded 0.4282, which we analyze to understand distributional sensitivity to gaming slang and class imbalance. The code is available at: https://github.com/sunilRegmi-ai/eeuca-toxicity-detection.

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