Morocco

Social media platforms have become primary sources for news consumption due to their real-time and interactive nature, yet they have also facilitated the widespread proliferation of misinformation, negatively impacting public health, social cohesion, and market stability. While professional fact-checking is essential for debunking rumors, the process is time-consuming, necessitating automation to effectively combat fake news. Existing approaches, such as extractive methods, often lack coherence and context, whereas abstractive methods leveraging large language models (LLMs) can generate more readable and informative debunking passages. However, readability alone is insufficient for effective misinformation correction; user acceptance is critical. Recent advancements in LLMs offer new opportunities for personalized debunking, as these models can generate context-sensitive responses and adapt to user profiles. Building on this, we propose the MUti-round Refinement and Simulated fEedback-enhanced framework (MURSE), which generates Chinese user-specific debunking passages by iteratively refining outputs based on simulated user feedback. Specifically, MURSE-generated user-specific debunking passages were preferred twice as often as general debunking passages in most cases, highlighting its potential to improve misinformation correction and foster positive dissemination chains.

EACL 2026

Tailoring Rumor Debunking to You: Diversifying Chinese Rumor-Debunking Passages with an LLM-Driven Simulated Feedback-Enhanced Framework

rumor debunking

user simulation

fake news

**Welcome to EMNLP 2023!**

On behalf of the EMNLP 2023 Organizing Committee, I extend a warm and heartfelt welcome to all of you to the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). It is with immense pleasure and excitement that we gather here in Singapore, a vibrant hub of innovation and technological advancement.

The conference program is packed with insightful presentations, thought-provoking workshops, and engaging networking opportunities. In addition to the technical sessions, we have also planned several social events that will provide you with the opportunity to connect with your colleagues.

The conference is held in person at the Resorts World Convention Centre in Singapore, and available on-line with the help of Underline.

For those in Singapore, I hope that you will find time to explore the exciting Sentosa Island, Gardens by the Bay, Singapore Botanic Gardens and the many other attractions unique to Singapore.

Of course, we are grateful to our sponsors and partners for their generous support of EMNLP 2023, whose contributions make it possible for us to host this world-class event.

Yuji Matsumoto (RIKEN AIP) 
EMNLP 2023 General Chair

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EMNLP 2023

EMNLP 2023 took place in Singapore from Dec 6th to Dec 10th, 2023.

technical paper

#### *Message from the General Chair, Aline Villavicencio*
I’m delighted and honoured to welcome you to the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL 2026), taking place in the beautiful city of Rabat, in Morocco, in March 24-29, 2026. EACL is the flagship European conference of the Association and EACL 2026 proudly continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity. I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers whose dedication, generosity, and tireless efforts have made this conference possible.
For the first time EACL is being hosted in the African continent. This is an important milestone for our community, and we are grateful to our Moroccan hosts for enabling this historic moment by bringing this edition of EACL to Rabat. We are also delighted that the Second Arabic NLP School is co-located with EACL. We hope attendees enjoy this wonderful opportunity to strengthen ties with the Computational Linguistics communities across the African continent. *[Read full message](https://drive.google.com/file/d/14NlmHvwM6fPJuMmOvVh7K0vtQbEyv3SZ/view?usp=sharing)* 

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Welcome to the 19th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL). EACL 2026 will be held in Rabat, Morocco, from March 24–29, 2026. 

The labor market is experiencing rapid and continual shifts in required skills and competencies, driven by technological advancement and evolving industry structures. Within this dynamic environment, candidates increasingly face challenges in orienting their career development, requiring them to continuously update their knowledge and capabilities to meet contemporary job requirements; this need is particularly necessary for new entrants to the labor market, who must cultivate a comprehensive understanding of current labor-market conditions. To address these issues, this study proposes an enterprise recruitment framework grounded in a career path knowledge graph, capturing occupations, skill requirements, and career transitions using standardized taxonomies enriched with job-posting data. The framework integrates transformer-based embeddings, large language models, and knowledge-graph reasoning to support efficient and reliable CV assessment, CV-JD matching and career guidance.

CareerPathKG: Knowledge Graph Integrated Framework for Career Intelligence

Personalized shopping agents must adapt their decisions to different user personas, balancing efficiency, preference alignment, and goal success. Building upon the WebShop dataset and τ^2-Bench environment, ShopperBench introduces a persona-guided benchmark for evaluating such adaptive behaviors. ShopperBench augments shopping trajectories with persona-conditioned goals, reasoning rationales, and preference cues, capturing how diverse shopper types---from price-conscious planners to trend-seeking explorers---navigate product search and selection. We further design a baseline of ShopperAgents that operate under persona guidance to simulate realistic, goal-oriented shopping interactions. To evaluate these agents, we propose new metrics including Persona Fidelity, Persona-Query Alignment, and Path Consistency. Together, Our ShopperBench provides a testbed for studying personalized and context-aware shopping intelligence, bridging the gap between human-centered e-commerce behavior and agent-based simulation.

ShopperBench: A Benchmark for Personalized Shopping with Persona-Guided Simulation

Finding optimal configurations for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines via grid search is computationally prohibitive, limiting real-world scalability. We investigate Bayesian Optimization (BO) as an efficient alternative, systematically comparing seven BO strategies combining four surrogate models and two multi-fidelity methods across FiQA, SciFact, and HotpotQA datasets. Our framework explores both global pipeline and local component-wise optimization, targeting final RAG performance and resource efficiency. Our results show that BO reduces optimization time by up to 84\% compared to grid search while maintaining comparable accuracy, with local optimization offering the most practical balance for deployment. Notably, performance gains plateau with larger evaluation budgets, suggesting that moderate resource investments suffice for effective RAG tuning. We provide actionable guidelines that empower industry practitioners to efficiently configure and deploy high-performing RAG systems under real-world constraints.

Beyond Grid Search: Leveraging Bayesian Optimization for Accelerating RAG Pipeline Optimization

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains challenging due to inconsistency, bias, and the absence of transparent decision criteria in automated judging. We present Debate, Deliberate, Decide (D3), a cost-aware, adversarial multi-agent framework that orchestrates structured debate among role-specialized agents (advocates, a judge, and an optional jury) to produce reliable and interpretable evaluations. D3 instantiates two complementary protocols: (1) Multi-Advocate One-Round Evaluation (MORE), which elicits k parallel defenses per answer to amplify signal via diverse advocacy, and (2) Single-Advocate Multi-Round Evaluation (SAMRE) with budgeted stopping, which iteratively refines arguments under an explicit token budget and convergence checks. We develop a probabilistic model of score gaps that (i) characterizes reliability and convergence under iterative debate and (ii) explains the separation gains from parallel advocacy. Under mild assumptions, the posterior distribution of the round- r gap concentrates around the true difference and the probability of mis-ranking vanishes; moreover, aggregating across k advocates provably increases expected score separation. We complement theory with a rigorous experimental suite across MT-Bench, AlignBench, and AUTO-J, showing state-of-the-art agreement with human judgments (accuracy and Cohen's), reduced positional and verbosity biases via anonymization and role diversification, and a favorable cost-accuracy frontier enabled by budgeted stopping. Ablations and qualitative analyses isolate the contributions of debate, aggregation, and anonymity. Together, these results establish D3 as a principled, practical recipe for reliable, interpretable, and cost-aware LLM evaluation.

Debate, Deliberate, Decide (D3): A Cost-Aware Adversarial Framework for Reliable and Interpretable LLM Evaluation

Ensuring that deep learning models are well-calibrated in terms of their predictive uncertainty is essential in maintaining their trustworthiness and reliability, yet despite increasing advances in foundation model research, the relationship between such large language models (LLMs) and their calibration remains an open area of research. In this work, we look at a critical gap in the calibration of LLMs within multilingual settings, in an attempt to better understand how the data scarcity can potentially lead to different calibration effects and how commonly used techniques can apply in these settings. Our analysis on two multilingual benchmarks, over 29 and 42 languages respectively, reveals that even in low-resource languages, model confidence can increase significantly after instruction-tuning on high-resource language SFT datasets. However, improvements in accuracy are marginal or non-existent, resulting in mis-calibration, highlighting a critical shortcoming of standard SFT for multilingual languages. Furthermore, we observe that the use of label smoothing to be a reasonable method alleviate this concern, again without any need for low-resource SFT data, maintaining better calibration across all languages. Overall, this highlights the importance of multilingual considerations for both training and tuning LLMs in order to improve their reliability and fairness in downstream use.

Investigating the Multilingual Calibration Effects of Language Model Instruction Tuning

Despite the impressive performance of Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) systems across various NLP benchmarks, their robustness in handling real-world user-LLM interaction queries remains largely underexplored. This presents a critical gap for practical deployment, where user queries exhibit greater linguistic variations and can trigger cascading errors across interdependent RAG components. In this work, we systematically analyze how varying four linguistic dimensions (formality, readability, politeness, and grammatical correctness) impact RAG performance. We evaluate two retrieval models and nine LLMs, ranging from 3 to 72 billion parameters, across four information-seeking Question Answering (QA) datasets. Our results reveal that linguistic reformulations significantly impact both retrieval and generation stages, leading to a relative performance drop of up to 40.41% in Recall@5 scores for less formal queries and 38.86% in answer match scores for queries containing grammatical errors. Notably, RAG systems exhibit greater sensitivity to such variations compared to LLM-only generations, highlighting their vulnerability to error propagation due to linguistic shifts. These findings highlight the need for improved robustness techniques to enhance reliability in diverse user interactions.

Out of Style: RAG's Fragility to Linguistic Variation

Large Language Models (LLMs) face challenges in integrating linguistic and spatial reasoning, which limits their performance on geometry problems. While prior work has attempted to bridge this gap using diagram parsers with multimodal models, a systematic comparison of how various auxiliary modalities and their combinations affect performance has been lacking. To address this, we present a systematic study of four auxiliary modalities—formal diagram facts (CDL), natural language representations (T CDL), diagram descriptions (DES), and image augmentations (IMG)—on a range of open- and closed-source multimodal LLMs. Our analysis reveals a compelling dichotomy in the effectiveness of these modalities. While formal representations like CDL and T CDL offer a modest performance lift, diagram descriptions (DES) cause a dramatic split: they significantly boost the accuracy of open-source LLMs which often struggle with visual parsing, while often misleading more capable closed-source models and causing a performance drop. This highlights a critical trade-off between augmenting input with helpful information and introducing misleading noise, demonstrating that the efficacy of auxiliary modalities is heavily dependent on the inherent capabilities of the underlying model.

When Does Auxiliary Modality Matter in Solving Geometric Problems? A Comprehensive Study of Textual, Formal, and Visual Modalities

Hate speech on social media poses significant challenges for content moderation and user safety. While various datasets exist for hate speech detection, existing approaches treat hate speech as a monolithic phenomenon, detecting hateful content by using simple categorical labels such as hate, offensive, or toxic. This approach fails to distinguish between the speaker's underlying motivations and the content's potential societal consequences. This paper introduces I2-Hate, a novel dataset with a dual taxonomy that separately captures Intent (why the speaker produced hate speech) and Impact (what harm it may cause to individuals and communities) of online hateful posts. This dual-taxonomy approach enables moderation systems to differentiate hateful content based on underlying motivation and potential harm, supporting more nuanced intervention strategies. We release the code publicly.

When Words Wear Masks: Detecting Malicious Intents and Hostile Impacts of Online Hate Speech

Real-world clinical text-to-SQL requires reasoning over heterogeneous EHR tables, temporal windows, and patient-similarity cohorts to produce executable queries. We introduce ClinSQL, a benchmark of 633 expert-annotated tasks on MIMIC-IV v3.1 that demands multi-table joins, clinically meaningful filters, and executable SQL. Solving ClinSQL entails navigating schema metadata and clinical coding systems, handling long contexts, and composing multi-step queries beyond traditional text-to-SQL. We evaluate 20 proprietary and open-source models under Chain-of-Thought self-refinement and use rubric-based SQL analysis with execution checks that prioritize critical clinical requirements. Despite recent advances, performance remains far from clinical reliability: on the test set, GPT-5-mini attains 74.7% execution score, DeepSeek-R1 leads open-source at 69.2% and Gemini-2.5-Pro drops from 85.5% on Easy to 67.2% on Hard. Progress on ClinSQL marks tangible advances toward clinically reliable text-to-SQL for real-world EHR analytics.

Patient-Similarity Cohort Reasoning in Clinical Text-to-SQL

Adapting large language models to full document translation remains challenging due to the difficulty of capturing long-range dependencies and preserving discourse coherence throughout extended texts. While recent agentic machine translation systems mitigate context window constraints through multi-agent orchestration and persistent memory, they require substantial computational resources and are sensitive to memory retrieval strategies. We introduce TransGraph, a discourse-guided framework that explicitly models inter-chunk relationships through structured discourse graphs and selectively conditions each translation segment on relevant graph neighbourhoods rather than relying on sequential or exhaustive context. Across three document-level MT benchmarks spanning six languages and diverse domains, TransGraph consistently surpasses strong baselines in translation quality and terminology consistency while incurring significantly lower token overhead.

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