Singapore

Predicting Valence-Arousal-Dominance (VAD) dimensions from bodily-expressed emotions in videos remains a fundamentally challenging task in affective computing, requiring models that capture subtle spatiotemporal patterns while balancing computational efficiency and interpretability. We present a comprehensive investigation of VAD prediction approaches on the newly introduced Annotated Bodily Expressed Emotion (ABEE) dataset, which contains approximately 3,200 video clips spanning 8 primary emotion categories and 20 subcategories. We explore two complementary methodologies: a feature-based gradient boosting approach using XGBoost with carefully engineered spatiotemporal features and dimensionality reduction, and deep learning architectures capable of learning hierarchical representations directly from raw video data. Our feature-based approach demonstrates exceptional computational efficiency, with sub-second training times and minimal resource requirements, while our deep models reveal the fundamental difficulty of capturing continuous VAD dimensions from bodily expressions. Through systematic evaluation on the ABEE dataset, we establish baseline performance for the VAD prediction task, achieving $R^2$ scores of -0.090, -0.014, and -0.058 for valence, arousal, and dominance, respectively, with our gradient boosting approach. These results highlight the substantial gap between current methodologies and the inherent complexity of bodily emotion signals, providing benchmarks for future research. We further discuss critical insights regarding feature engineering, temporal dynamics, and the intrinsic challenges of continuous emotion prediction from naturalistic video data, emphasizing the need for dedicated spatiotemporal modeling strategies tailored to bodily expressions.

AAAI 2026

Spatiotemporal Modeling of Bodily Emotional Expressions for Continuous Valence-Arousal-Dominance Prediction in Video

valence-arousal-dominance

bodily emotion recognition

spatiotemporal modeling

gradient boosting

deep learning

EMNLP 2021 is planned to be a hybrid event in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, with both on-site and fully virtual participation possible. The experience for on-site participants would closely approximate a normal pre-COVID *ACL conference, with 5-6 thematically organized parallel sessions and live Q/A and interactive discussion immediately after the talks. Presentations by virtual participants will be equitably interleaved with those of on-site participants, projected on the auditorium screens as if on-site, and also followed immediately by live Q/A and interactive discussion at a time during reasonable waking hours for the virtual presenter. For all participants, on-site and virtual, who are unable to attend a session due to either time-zone issues or because they are participating in another session live, talk recordings and slides will be available online at a minimum after the live presentation (and in many cases before as well), and questions may be submitted in advance on session-specific discussion boards and answered live in session with the usual visual aids if desired.

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EMNLP 2021

EMNLP 2021 is planned to be a hybrid event in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, with both on-site and fully virtual participation possible.

workshop paper

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Sketching is a widely used medium for generating and exploring early-stage design concepts. While generative AI (GenAI) chatbots are increasingly used for idea generation, designers often struggle to craft effective prompts and find it difficult to express evolving visual concepts through text alone. In the formative study (N=6), we examined how designers use GenAI during ideation, revealing that text-based prompting disrupts creative flow. To address these issues, we developed TalkSketch, an embedded multimodal AI sketching system that integrates freehand drawing with real-time speech input. TalkSketch aims to support a more fluid ideation process through capturing verbal descriptions during sketching and generating context-aware AI responses. Our work highlights the potential of GenAI tools to engage the design process itself rather than focusing on output.

TalkSketch: Multimodal Generative AI for Real-time Sketch Ideation with Speech

The capacity for complex, evidence-grounded, and strategically adaptive persuasion remains a formidable grand challenge for artificial intelligence. Prior work, like IBM Project Debater, focused on generating isolated persuasive speeches in highly simplified and shortened debate formats for lay audiences. We introduce a novel autonomous system capable of participating in and winning a full, unmodified two-team competitive policy debate. Our system employs a hierarchi cal architecture of specialized multi-agent workflows, where teams of LLM-powered agents collaborate and critique one an- other to perform discrete argumentative tasks. Each workflow
utilizes iterative retrieval, synthesis, and self-correction using a massive corpus of policy debate evidence (OpenDebateEvidence) [Roush et al. 2024] and produces complete speech transcripts, cross-examinations, and rebuttals. We introduce a live, interactive end-to-end presentation pipeline that renders debates with AI speech and animation: transcripts are surface realized and synthesized to audio with OpenAI text-to-speech (gpt-4.1-tts), and then displayed as talking-head portrait
videos with EchoMimic V1 [Chen et al. 2024, 2025, OpenAI 2025e,c]. Beyond fully autonomous (AI vs. AI) matches, the system supports hybrid human–AI operation: human debaters can intervene at any stage, and humans can optionally serve as opponents against the AI in any speech, enabling AI–human as well as AI–AI rounds. In preliminary evaluations against human-authored cases, our system produces qualitatively superior argumentative components and consistently wins simulated rounds as adjudicated by an independent autonomous judge. Expert human debate coaches also prefer the arguments, evidence, and cases constructed by our system.

A superpersuasive autonomous policy debating system

MOVE-ME is a wearable AI system that functions as a choreographic companion, designed to interrupt and inspire dancers’ improvisational flow in real time. Equipped with an on-body camera and speech synthesis, the system observes the dancer’s environment and responds to visual input and text prompts with spoken suggestions. These responses, ranging from poetic provocations to site-specific directives, create a feedback loop in which human and machine co-compose movement, challenging distinctions between spontaneity and computation, authorship and obedience.
The project explores AI as a relational agent rather than as a tool, an intelligent presence that shapes choreography through co-creation. MOVE-ME was featured in three practice-based research projects between 2024–2025, each testing different choreographic configurations and affective dynamics.

MOVE-ME: Dance Choreography with AI

This study presents a cross-cultural implementation of an artistic Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) system designed for live performance within the Balinese gamelan tradition. The BCI-GenAI system enables real-time translation of neural synchrony between dyads of performers (musician-musician, dancer-dancer, musician-dancer) into the control of culturally-relevant generative visual projections that interact with performers and audience alike.
Nine Balinese artists (six musicians and three dancers) participated in a two-part performance Janaki Dewi: Sita’s Reverie and Wiwada Manik: Tales of the Brothers. Dyads of artists wore Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MoBI) technology to capture in real time their brain (electroencephalography, EEG) and ocular (electrooculography, EOG) activities, head motion, and video during rehearsals and a public performance over a period of 3 weeks. All signals were synchronized by hardware. A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) preprocessed the MoBI Signals and computed the inter-brain synchrony between dyads. Synchrony indices derived from EEG bispectra modulated diffusion parameters in a StreamDiffusion-based GenAI, whereas text prompts consisting of culturally-relevant narrative and emotional descriptors reflected the story’s mythological and affective dimensions. Thus, the BCI-GenAI system linked the real-time inter-brain synchronization to dynamic imagery projected live on stage. The system thus functioned as a creative partner in-the-loop, responsive to both the emotional and rhythmic structure of performance. The multi-institutional, cross-cultural project contributes a methodological framework for BCI-GenAI in artistic settings, emphasizing cross-cultural collaboration, the symbiosis between cultural traditions and emergent technologies, and ethical data governance. It advances a model of responsible human–AI co-creation, where technology supports rather than displaces tradition thereby preserving the continuity of cultural identity through innovation, team science and transdisciplinarity.

An Artistic BCI-GenAI System Enabling Real-Time Co-Creation in Balinese Performance

This work-in-progress introduces SightDog, a hybrid framework that equips a robotic quadruped with multimodal artificial intelligence to support blind and visually impaired users. Designed as a robotic guide dog, SightDog integrates Vision–Language Models (VLMs) with schema-driven function calling to interpret natural language instructions and visual perception for navigation and assistance. A central focus is human–robot interaction: SightDog enables natural language dialog, provides contextual feedback, and adapts its responses to user intent in real time. In doing so, the system demonstrates a form of creative communication, where improvisation and adaptive dialog play a crucial role. In a simulation study, we show that SightDog can deliver environmental information and perform reactive navigation toward user-specified goals while managing obstacles and crosswalks. As part of this creative HRI, the system can also engage in informal dialog (e.g., telling casual jokes, which we illustrate in the experiment provided). While primarily an assistive prototype, the system also raises questions for interactive and creative AI, particularly regarding how AI systems respond to improvised human input. By situating SightDog within both accessibility and interactive AI research, this work contributes to discussions on human–robot collaboration and the future of guidance technologies.

SightDog: Function Calling and Creative Dialogue for AI‑Enhanced Guide Dogs

Recent advances in image generative models have enabled
rich collaborations between humans and AI systems. Among
these, Energy-Based Models (EBMs) learn an energy land-
scape that guides noised samples toward high-probability re-
gions. Unlike diffusion models that use fixed time sched-
ules, EBMs possess equilibrium properties that enable user
feedback during generation without destabilizing the distri-
bution. However, current EBM research primarily optimizes
for high-fidelity images, offering little control over the trade-
off between semantic realism and fine-grained diversity—an
essential feature for interactive creative applications. Artists
and creatives thus lack a modality to balance semantic coher-
ence (e.g., “a red apple”) with creative variation (e.g., apples
of different shapes or colors). To address this, we introduce
a geometry-aware annealing framework for EBMs. We pro-
pose a directionally-aware annealing variable that leverages
local geometric information to directionally adjust the effec-
tive noise level during sampling. Such an annealing feedback
mechanism that allows users to generate semantically real-
istic images before progressively exploring higher-diversity,
more creative variants. Together, these techniques enable a
controllable balance between fidelity and creativity, advanc-
ing the use of EBMs for interactive creative AI.

Geometry-Aware Energy-Based Image Modelling

Algorithmic fairness has grown rapidly, yet key concepts remain unsettled in criminal justice. We review group, individual, and process fairness and map the conditions under which they conflict. We then develop a simple modification to standard group fairness. Rather than exact parity across protected groups, we minimize a weighted error loss while keeping differences in false negative rates within a small tolerance. This improves feasibility, raises accuracy, and highlights the ethical choice of error costs. We situate this proposal within three classes of critique: biased and incomplete data, latent affirmative action, and the explosion of subgroup constraints. Finally, we propose a practical framework for deployment in public systems, built on three pillars: need-based decisions, transparency, and narrowly tailored solutions. Together, these elements link technical design to legitimacy and provide actionable guidance for agencies that use risk assessment and related tools.

Alternative Fairness and Accuracy Optimization in Criminal Justice

Catastrophic forgetting remains a critical challenge in continual learning for large language models (LLMs), where models struggle to retain performance on historical tasks when fine-tuning on new sequential data without access to past datasets. In this paper, we first reveal that the drift of functional directions during the fine-tuning process is a key reason why existing regularization-based methods fail in long-term LLM continual learning. To address this, we propose Dynamic Orthogonal Continual (DOC) fine-tuning, a novel approach that tracks the drift of these functional directions and dynamically updates them during the fine-tuning process. Furthermore, by adjusting the gradients of new task parameters to be orthogonal to the tracked historical function directions, our method mitigates interference between new and old tasks. Extensive experiments on various LLM continual learning benchmarks demonstrate that this approach outperforms prior methods, effectively reducing catastrophic forgetting and providing a robust tool for continuous LLM fine-tuning.

Dynamic Orthogonal Continual Fine-tuning for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting of LLMs

Intrinsic self-correction refers to the phenomenon where a language model refines its own outputs purely through prompting, without external feedback or parameter updates. While this approach improves performance across diverse tasks, its internal mechanism remains poorly understood. We analyze intrinsic self-correction from the representation shift induced by prompting. We formalize and introduce the notion of a prompt-induced shift, which is the change in hidden representations caused by a self-correction prompt. Across 5 open-source LLMs, prompt-induced shifts in text detoxification and text toxification align with latent directions constructed from contrastive pairs. In detoxification, the shifts align with the non-toxic direction; in toxification, they align with the toxic direction. These results suggest that intrinsic self-correction functions as representation steering along interpretable latent directions. Our analysis highlights an understanding of model internals can be a direct route to analyzing the mechanisms of prompt-driven LLM behaviors.

Intrinsic Self-Correction in LLMs: Towards Explainable Prompting via Mechanistic Interpretability

We present AI Screener, an end-to-end automated document review system that integrates a 12-billion-parameter pretrained large language model with a Tree-of-Thought reasoning framework to emulate and scale expert-level decision-making. Designed for high-stakes, domain-specific analysis, AI Screener empowers subject matter experts to encode their domain knowledge and reasoning processes in a no-code, efficient manner—enabling rapid customization without technical barriers. The system has been deployed across three different and unrelated mission-critical business functions: (1) accelerating scientific literature reviews to support the development of occupational exposure limits for worker health protection, (2) streamlining patent screening to optimize intellectual property portfolio management, and (3) automating procurement contract analysis to identify value leakage and drive better commercial terms. Across these diverse deployments, subject matter experts encoded their knowledge with AI Screener to transform traditional workflows—significantly reducing manual review time while maintaining expert-grade accuracy and consistency. This work highlights how Tree-of-Thought-augmented LLMs can be pragmatically applied to reshape enterprise document intelligence at scale.

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