Singapore

Vulnerability-Fixing Commit Identification(VFCI) is a critical task in software security maintenance that aims to automatically identify code commits that patch security vulnerabilities. However, existing approaches face challenges in handling low-quality commit messages and entangled commits, which limit their identification performance. To address these issues, we propose VFCionX, a novel VFCI framework that integrates large and small language models in a collaborative architecture. VFCionX consists of three core modules: Message Classifier, Patch Classifier, and Ensemble Classifier. The Message Classifier employs a multi-source contextual augmentation strategy to enhance the quality of commit messages and fine-tunes the Qwen2.5-1.5B model, significantly improving classification performance in the textual modality. The Patch Classifier combines heuristic rules with a Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-driven file selector to filter noise from entangled commits, and incorporates a line-level feature extractor based on CodeBERT and CNN to capture local pattern differences between added and deleted code lines. The Ensemble Classifier integrates predictions from both channels using the AdaBoost algorithm, enhancing model robustness and generalization. Experimental results on five popular C/C++ repositories comprising 24,630 commits show that VFCionX achieves an F1-score of 81.47%, outperforming the best baseline by 9.42%. Ablation studies validate the effectiveness of each component, while sensitivity analysis reveals optimal parameter settings for balancing performance and noise resilience. This work provides a new and effective solution for robust vulnerability patch identification.

AAAI 2026

VFCionX: Bridging Large and Small Models for Robust Vulnerability-Fixing Commit Identification

dual-channel integration

large–small model collaboration

vulnerability-fixing commit identification

EMNLP 2021 is planned to be a hybrid event in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, with both on-site and fully virtual participation possible. The experience for on-site participants would closely approximate a normal pre-COVID *ACL conference, with 5-6 thematically organized parallel sessions and live Q/A and interactive discussion immediately after the talks. Presentations by virtual participants will be equitably interleaved with those of on-site participants, projected on the auditorium screens as if on-site, and also followed immediately by live Q/A and interactive discussion at a time during reasonable waking hours for the virtual presenter. For all participants, on-site and virtual, who are unable to attend a session due to either time-zone issues or because they are participating in another session live, talk recordings and slides will be available online at a minimum after the live presentation (and in many cases before as well), and questions may be submitted in advance on session-specific discussion boards and answered live in session with the usual visual aids if desired.

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EMNLP 2021

EMNLP 2021 is planned to be a hybrid event in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, with both on-site and fully virtual participation possible.

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Time series forecasting under distribution shift remains challenging, as existing deep learning models often rely on local statistical normalization (e.g., mean and variance) that fails to capture global distribution shift. Methods like RevIN and its variants attempt to decouple distribution and pattern but still struggle with missing values, noisy observations, and invalid channel-wise affine transformation. To address these limitations, we propose **A**ffine **P**rototype-**T**imestamp(**APT**), a lightweight and flexible plug-in module that injects global distribution features into the normalization–forecasting pipeline. By leveraging timestamp-conditioned prototype learning,
APT dynamically generates affine parameters that modulate both input and output series, enabling the backbone to learn from self-supervised, distribution-aware clustered instances.
APT is compatible with arbitrary forecasting backbones and normalization strategies while introducing minimal computational overhead. Extensive experiments across six benchmark datasets and multiple backbone-normalization combinations demonstrate that APT significantly improves forecasting performance under distribution shift.

APT: Affine Prototype-Timestamp for Time Series Forecasting Under Distribution Shift

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL), which aims to customize models for each client while preserving data privacy, has become an important research topic in addressing the challenges of data heterogeneity. Existing studies usually enhance the localization of global parameters by injecting local information into the globally shared model. However, these methods focus excessively on the personalized characteristics of individual clients and fail to fully exploit distinctive information across clients, limiting the quality of local models to represent unseen samples well. To address this issue, we propose a novel personalized $\underline{\textbf{Fed}}$erated $\underline{\textbf{P}}$rivacy-preserving 
$\underline{\textbf{K}}$nowledge 
$\underline{\textbf{D}}$ynamic $\underline{\textbf{A}}$lignment ($\textbf{FedPKDA}$) framework, which ensures data privacy during both the collection of client-side key information and its incorporation into federated model training. Specifically, to ensure data privacy during the cross-client information collection phase, we first conduct feature clipping and add Laplacian noise to the local prototypes extracted from each client. Further, we compute the centroid of the uploaded local prototypes in a latent space and leverage Mahalanobis distance to guide the generation of global prototypes, thereby preserving the semantic contributions from participating clients. Moreover, to boost the personalization of the local model, we dynamically align representations learned by the shared model with both a set of local prototypes and privacy-preserving global prototypes, facilitating effective cross-client knowledge sharing under heterogeneous settings while preserving client-specific characteristics. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets have verified the superiority of FedPKDA against its competitors.

FedPKDA: Personalized Federated Learning with Privacy-Preserving Knowledge Dynamic Alignment

Isolated cold-start node classification on multimodal graphs is challenging because such nodes have no edges and often have missing modalities (e.g., absent text or image features). Existing methods address structural isolation by degrading graph learning models to MLPs for isolated cold-start inference, using a teacher model (with graph access) to guide the MLP. However, this results in limited model capacity in the student, which is further challenged when modalities are missing. In this paper, we propose Neighbor-to-Self Graph Transformer (NTSFormer), a unified Graph Transformer framework that jointly tackles the isolation and missing-modality issues via a self-teaching paradigm. Specifically, NTSFormer uses a cold-start attention mask to simultaneously make two predictions for each node: a "student" prediction based only on self-information (i.e., the node's own features), and a "teacher" prediction incorporating both self and neighbor information. This enables the model to supervise itself without degrading to an MLP, thereby fully leveraging the Transformer’s capacity to handle missing modalities. To handle diverse graph information and missing modalities, NTSFormer performs a one-time multimodal graph pre-computation that converts structural and feature data into token sequences, which are then processed by Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Input Projection and Transformer layers for effective fusion. Experimental results on public datasets show that NTSFormer achieves superior performance on multimodal isolated cold-start node classification tasks. Our code is provided.

NTSFormer: A Self-Teaching Graph Transformer for Multimodal Isolated Cold-Start Node Classification

Short-video platforms now host vast multimodal ads whose deceptive visuals, speech and subtitles demand finer-grained, policy-driven moderation than community safety filters. We present BLM-Guard, a content-audit framework for commercial ads that fuses Chain-of-Thought reasoning with rule-based policy principles and a critic-guided reward. A rule-driven ICoT data-synthesis pipeline jump-starts training by generating structured scene descriptions, reasoning chains and labels, cutting annotation costs. Reinforcement learning then refines the model using a composite reward balancing causal coherence with policy adherence. A multitask architecture models intra-modal manipulations (e.g., exaggerated imagery) and cross-modal mismatches (e.g., subtitle–speech drift), boosting robustness. Experiments on real short-video ads show BLM-Guard surpasses strong baselines in accuracy, consistency and generalization.

BLM-Guard: Explainable Multimodal Ad Moderation with Chain-of-Thought and Policy-Aligned Rewards

Deep learning-based 3D anomaly detection methods have demonstrated significant potential in industrial manufacturing. However, many approaches are specifically designed for anomaly detection tasks, which limits their generalizability. In contrast, self-supervised point cloud models aim for general-purpose representation learning, yet our investigation reveals that these classical models are suboptimal at anomaly detection under the unified fine-tuning paradigm. This motivates us to develop a more generalizable 3D model that can effectively detect anomalies without relying on task-specific designs. Interestingly, we find that using only the curvature of each point as its anomaly score already outperforms several classical self-supervised and dedicated anomaly detection models, highlighting the critical role of \textbf{curvature} in 3D anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose a Curvature-Augmented Self-supervised Learning (CASL) framework based on a reconstruction paradigm. Built upon the classical U-Net architecture, our approach introduces multi-scale curvature prompts to guide the decoder in predicting the spatial coordinates of each point. Without relying on any dedicated anomaly detection mechanisms, it achieves state-of-the-art performance through straightforward classification fine-tuning, improving the average O-AUROC by 5.6\% on the Real3D-AD dataset and 4.8\% on the Anomaly-ShapeNet dataset. Moreover, the learned representations generalize well to standard 3D understanding tasks such as point cloud classification and part segmentation.

CASL: Curvature-Augmented Self-supervised Learning for 3D Anomaly Detection

Processing long visual token sequences poses a significant computational burden on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). While token pruning offers a path to acceleration, we find that current methods, while adequate for general understanding, catastrophically fail on fine-grained localization tasks. We attribute this failure to the inherent flaws of the two prevailing strategies: importance-based methods suffer from a strong positional bias, an inherent model artifact that distracts from semantic content, while diversity-based methods exhibit structural blindness, disregarding the user's prompt and spatial redundancy. To address this, we introduce D²Pruner, a framework that rectifies these issues by uniquely combining debiased importance with a structural pruning mechanism. Our method first secures a core set of the most critical tokens as pivots based on a debiased attention score. It then performs a Maximal Independent Set (MIS) selection on the remaining tokens, which are modeled on a hybrid graph where edges signify spatial proximity and semantic similarity. This process iteratively preserves the most important and available token while removing its neighbors, ensuring that the supplementary tokens are chosen to maximize importance and diversity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that D²Pruner has exceptional efficiency and fidelity. Applied to LLaVA-1.5-7B for general understanding tasks, it reduces FLOPs by 74.2\% while retaining 99.2\% of its original performance. Furthermore, in challenging localization benchmarks with InternVL-2.5-8B, it maintains 85.7\% performance at a 90\% token reduction rate, marking a significant advancement with up to 63. 53\% improvement over existing methods. The code will be released on GitHub.

D²Pruner: Debiased Importance and Structural Diversity for MLLM Token Pruning

Graph augmentation is a cornerstone of effective graph contrastive learning, yet existing methods often rely on random or heuristically designed perturbations, which may distort latent semantics and impair representation quality. In this work, we argue that semantic consistency can be effectively approximated by low-frequency components in the spectral domain, offering a principled proxy for guiding augmentation. Based on this insight, we propose Frequency-Aware Graph Contrastive Learning (FA-GCL), a novel framework that explicitly preserves low-frequency signals while selectively perturbing high-frequency components. By aligning augmentation with frequency-aware decomposition, FA-GCL generates diverse yet semantically coherent views, mitigating semantic drift and enhancing representational discrimination. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that FA-GCL consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines with statistically significant gains, validating its effectiveness and robustness.

From Semantics to Spectrum: A New Lens on Graph Augmentation Strategy

While Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) have achieved notable progress across diverse tasks recently, their robustness under domain noise, structural perturbations, and even adversarial attacks remains largely underexplored. A core limitation lies in the inadequate modeling of hierarchical structural semantics, which are intrinsic priors and critical for generalization. In this work, we propose **SA²GFM**, a robust **GFM** framework that enhances the domain-adaptable representations through **S**tructure-**A**ware **S**emantic **A**ugmentation. First, to embed the hierarchical structural priors, we transform entropy-based encoding trees into structure-aware textual prompts for feature augmentation. The enriched inputs are processed by a novel self-supervised Information Bottleneck mechanism that distills the robust and transferable representations through structure-guided compression. To mitigate the negative transfer in cross-domain adaptation, we develop an expert adaptive routing mechanism that integrates a mixture-of-experts architecture with a null expert design. To enable efficient downstream adaptation, we propose a fine-tuning module that efficiently optimizes the hierarchical structures through the joint intra- and inter-community structure learning. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of **SA²GFM** over effectiveness and robustness against random noise and adversarial perturbations on node and graph classification compared with 9 state-of-the-art baselines.

SA²GFM: Enhancing Robust Graph Foundation Models with Structure-Aware Semantic Augmentation

To cultivate students' aesthetic development, teachers must objectively interpret and evaluate the artistic qualities and emotional resonance within their paintings—a process known as aesthetic perception. This evaluation process is labor-intensive and susceptible to biases due to variations among individual teachers. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) motivate the use of AI-driven models to automate and enhance this aesthetic perception task. However, building effective AI-driven aesthetic perception models requires extensive datasets, which are typically labor-intensive and costly to gather. To address this, we propose a novel framework that selectively identifies the most challenging dimensions of aesthetic perception for expert annotation, using AI-generated pseudo-annotations to reduce cost and improve model performance. Our framework integrates a multi-agent active learning strategy to systematically annotate scores across multiple dimensions of aesthetic perception. Initially, we train an aesthetic perception model using a small, manually annotated dataset, establishing primary annotation capabilities. Then, this trained model generates pseudo-annotations for unlabeled data across various aesthetic dimensions (e.g., humor, happiness). To ensure annotation quality and relevance, a multi-agent system evaluates these pseudo-annotations, identifying dimensions requiring expert human input based on metrics such as model estimation confidence. Human experts provide targeted annotations selectively, refining the dataset and guiding an iterative improvement cycle. Through repeated refinement, the model progressively enhances both its predictive accuracy and its automated annotation proficiency. Our optimization approach dynamically balances accuracy, annotation relevance, and human effort. Extensive experiments conducted on two real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.

Dimension-Aware Active Annotation for Aesthetic Perception via Multi-Agent Human–AI Collaboration

The rapid development of image manipulation technologies poses significant challenges to multimedia forensics, especially in accurate localization of manipulated regions. Existing methods often fail to fully explore the intrinsic discrepancies between manipulated and authentic regions, resulting in sub-optimal performance. To address this limitation, we propose the Focus Region Discrepancy Network (FRD-Net), a novel and efficient framework that significantly enhances manipulation localization by amplifying discrepancies at both macro- and micro-levels. Specifically, our proposed Iterative Clustering Module (ICM) groups features into two discriminative clusters and refines representations via backward propagation from cluster centers, improving the distinction between tampered and authentic regions at the macro level. Thereafter, our Differential Progressive Module (DPM) is constructed to capture fine-grained structural inconsistencies within local neighborhoods and integrate them into a Central Difference Convolution, increasing sensitivity to subtle manipulation details at the micro level. Finally, these complementary modules are seamlessly integrated into a compact architecture that achieves a favorable balance between accuracy and efficiency. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks demonstrate that FRD-Net consistently surpasses state-of-the-art methods in terms of manipulation localization performance while maintaining a lower computational cost.

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