Singapore

We evaluate how well large language model embeddings
represent continuous numerical values across different
precisions and ranges. Using linear models and principal
component analysis on models from major providers, we show
that while embeddings can reconstruct numbers with high
fidelity (R2 ≥ 0.95), they introduce substantial noise,
with principal components explaining less than 40% of
embedding variance. Performance degrades with increasing
decimal precision and mixed-sign values, revealing
fundamental limitations in how these models encode
numerical information.

AAAI 2026

Language Models Do Not Embed Numbers Continuously (Student Abstract)

numeric reasoning

embeddings

We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-26 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.<br><br>

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

poster

In social networks, revealing the structure of communities can expose sensitive groups to detection. Traditional approaches, such as DICE, attempt to hide these communities by randomly rewiring links, but this strategy is often inefficient and insecure. We propose an efficient heuristic method called CRIME (Community Rewiring for Influence and Masking Entities) to address this challenge. CRIME removes the most influential internal links, measured by edge-betweenness centrality, and adds external links with the least betweenness centrality. Experiments on real-world networks demonstrate that CRIME hides targeted communities more effectively than DICE, and also achieves faster execution and improves hiding effectiveness by up to 99.8%.

CRIME: Community Rewiring for Influence and Masking Entities in Social Networks (Student Abstract)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the modern society significantly with the numerous advanced interactions between humans and AI agents, whereas the usage of most large language models including ChatGPT are not friendly open-sourced and must require users paying a lot for such AI service continuously. Therefore, deploying open-sourced large language models on local servers can be considered as an efficient method to design and implement creative embodied AI algorithms with lower cost and more stable free usage. Inspired by this ordinary motivation, we originally propose and implement the “Socratic Models-ChatGLM”, which is a well-performed algorithm for multi-modal interactive control of robotic arm based on offline large language models via the facile PyBullet platform, even presents extraordinary potential to address complicated text-image multi-step long-horizon robotic manipulation tasks.

Multi-Modal Interactive Control of Robotic Arm Based on Offline Large Language Models (Student Abstract)

We propose a framework for privacy-preserving argumentative explanations using homomorphic encryption. This method applies the Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song scheme, along with a soft k-means adapted for encrypted computation, to generate explanations without exposing sensitive data. By leveraging GPU acceleration, speedups of approximately 470–670 times were achieved compared with CPU execution. Experimental results show that explanation fidelity is maintained for small- to medium-scale models, whereas significant degradation occurs in larger models. These findings suggest that our study provides an initial step toward enabling secure and trustworthy argumentative explanations under encryption while also highlighting the challenges that remain for generalizability to more complex models.

Privacy-Preserving Argumentative Explanations (Student Abstract)

We propose HyMoERec, a novel sequential recommendation framework that addresses the limitations of uniform Position-wise Feed-Forward Networks in existing models. Current approaches treat all user interactions and items equally, overlooking the heterogeneity in user behavior patterns and diversity in item complexity. HyMoERec initially introduces a hybrid mixture-of-experts architecture that combines shared and specialized expert branches with an adaptive expert fusion mechanism for the sequential recommendation task. This design captures diverse reasoning for varied users and items while ensuring stable training. Experiments on MovieLens-1M and Beauty datasets demonstrate that HyMoERec consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.

HyMoERec: Hybrid Mixture-of-Experts for Sequential Recommendation (Student Abstract)

Question generation is the task of natural language
processing where the goal is to generate fluent,
grammatically correct, error-free questions based on a
given input context and optionally an answer. Multi-hop
question generation is a more complex task compared to
traditional single-hop question generation, as it requires
reasoning over multiple information from multiple input
contexts in generating multi-hop questions. In this paper,
we have addressed the challenge of building a multi-hop
question generation system by combining the knowledge
graphs with large language models. We have designed a
framework KG4QG (Knowledge Graph for Question Generation),
where knowledge graphs are generated from the input
contexts. For the knowledge graph embedding, we have used
Graph Attention Network, and for input text embedding, we
have leveraged Sentence Transformer. Finally, we apply BART
and T5 models as Large Language Models to generate
multi-hop questions from our proposed model. Using HotpotQA
dataset to evaluate the performance of our KG4QG framework,
our proposed methodology has shown an enhancement of
performance over the previous methodologies.

Knowledge Graph for Efficient Multi-hop Question Generation (Student Abstract)

Federated Graph Learning enables multiple clients to
collaboratively train graph models while protecting local
private data. However, most studies have assumed that all
clients contribute data voluntarily and actively. Without
reasonable incentives, clients are often reluctant to
contribute personal data for model training. Furthermore,
the budget for incentives is limited, and if clients with
low-quality graph data are incentivized to participate in
training, it will negatively impact the training
performance of all parties in the system. To address this,
we propose AEFGL, a Reverse Auction and Value
Evaluation-Based Incentive Mechanism for Federated Graph
Learning. First, we design a reverse auction mechanism
combining graph structural attribute motifs with client
production value. Then, we propose a method for evaluating
client production value based on the comparison of the
client's expected reward and actual value. This mechanism
can incentivize clients with high-quality graph data to
participate in training within budget constraints, thereby
improving the model quality. Experimental results validate
the superiority of the AEFGL mechanism and the economic
properties it satisfies.

AEFGL: Reverse Auction and Value Evaluation-Based Federated Graph Learning Incentive Mechanism (Student Abstract)

The two-dimensional (2D) graph structure of a molecule encodes abundant latent property information. A well-designed molecular graph encoder can capture informative low-dimensional dense representations of molecules, which can subsequently be applied to a widerange of downstream tasks. To achieve fine-grained anddiscriminative molecular representations that capture localized structural information, we propose an novel atom-level adaptive receptive field encoder, enabling each atomic node in the molecular graph to dynamically adjust its receptive field size. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to introduce an effective rank-guided pruning
strategy for 2D molecular graphs.

Atom-level Adaptive Receptive Fields: A Pruning-Based Encoder for 2D Molecular Graphs (Student Abstract)

Integrating knowledge from scientific literature is essential in biomedical research. However, the rapid growth of scientific literature makes staying up to date increasingly challenging. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a promising framework, but its effectiveness in specialized biomedical domains remains unclear. In this work, we propose a two-stage retrieval pipeline for RAG, with a focus on Bordetella pertussis as a case study. Our method first applies hard filtering with synonym expansion to eliminate irrelevant passages, and then performs hybrid search, followed by reranking. We evaluate our approach using a dataset of 58 pertussis-related queries with automatic relevance judgments from multiple large language models (LLMs). Experimental results show that our pipeline improves MAP@10 by 13.4-20.4 points compared with existing methods and achieves the highest MRR@10. Furthermore,
consistent improvements across different LLMs highlight the effectiveness of our approach.

Domain-Specific Retrieval for Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Case Study on Pertussis Research (Student Abstract)

Quantum batteries have emerged as a next-generation energy
storage solution, leveraging quantum phenomena such as
superabsorption to overcome the limitations of conventional
energy technologies.
However, noise arising from interactions with the external
environment degrades the charging efficiency and stability
of the battery by disrupting the system's quantum coherence.
To address this challenge, this study proposes a robust
charging framework for a single-qubit quantum battery based
on the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model.
The proposed framework combines the Proximal Policy
Optimization (PPO) algorithm with a multi-stage
reinforcement learning structure.
The agent first learns fundamental control principles in a
noise-free, ideal environment and subsequently performs
robust learning in progressively noisier and more complex
settings.
Simulation results demonstrate that the trained agent
navigates a stable charging trajectory on the Bloch sphere,
thereby achieving high ergotropy even in the presence of
noise.
These findings suggest that multi-stage reinforcement
learning is an effective solution for control problems in
noisy quantum systems and provides a theoretical foundation
for designing charging protocols for multi-qubit systems.

Multi-Stage Reinforcement Learning for Robust Charging of Quantum Batteries (Student Abstract)

What if the next generation of human-computer interaction
is not a screen... but a conversation? Large Language
Models (LLMs) offer a new paradigm for interacting with
computers through text, but they lack shape reasoning
capabilities. We introduce Textual Anatomy Encoding (TAE),
a workflow that connects LLMs with 3D anatomies. TAE
employs clinician-validated semantic annotations and
rule-based prompts to achieve deterministic and
interpretable landmark localization. The results indicate
that TAE enables LLMs to move beyond text knowledge,
achieving accurate anatomy shape understanding. This
framework opens opportunities for diagnosis, surgical
planning, and scalable medical annotation, positioning LLMs
as a foundation for next-generation human–computer
interaction in healthcare.

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CRIME: Community Rewiring for Influence and Masking Entities in Social Networks (Student Abstract)

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Language Models Do Not Embed Numbers Continuously