India

We investigate cross-lingual fine-tuning for idiomatic expression identification, addressing the limited availability of annotated data in many languages. We evaluate encoder and generative decoder models to examine their ability to generalize idiom identification across languages. Additionally, we conduct an explainability study using linear probing and LogitLens to analyze how idiomatic meaning is represented across model layers. Results show consistent cross-lingual transfer, with English emerging as a strong source language. All code and models are released to support future research.

IJCNLP-AACL 2025

Not Just a Piece of Cake: Cross-Lingual Fine-Tuning for Idiom Identification

representation analysis

non-compositionality

llms

idioms

model interpretability

cross-lingual transfer

fine-tuning

multilingual

### Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Welcome to the 2025 meeting of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics! I am proud to help organize the first NAACL conference to carry the new name of our organization, one that emphasizes inclusion for all of the Americas. I am also pleased to welcome you to Albuquerque, New Mexico, a state whose unique blend of cultural influences will make for an excellent backdrop for NAACL 2025, especially with this year’s special theme on NLP in a Multicultural World. 
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NAACL 2025

Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

technical paper

### Welcome to IJCNLP-AACL 2025! 
 It is a great honor to host this joint conference in Mumbai, India, from December 20 to 24, 2025. The joint conferences of IJCNLP and AACL are organized with alternating leadership in the Asia-Pacific region. The event is run by the Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing (AFNLP) in odd years, and by AACL in even years, while it is organized solely by ACL when the annual ACL meeting is held in the region. This year, the conference is primarily organized by AFNLP. 
*Kentaro Inui
MBZUAI, UAE
General Chair, IJCNLP-AACL 2025* 
Read full message and download the Conference Handbook [**here**](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UTwxkAqSqI-GAoJC3wE1zZt5VP1Y8GX0/view?usp=sharing).

The 14th IJCNLP & 4th AACL will be held in Mumbai, India from December 20th to December 24th, 2025.

Due to the rapid growth of social media platforms, these tools have become essential for monitoring information during ongoing disaster events. However, extracting valuable insights requires real-time processing of vast amounts of data. A major challenge in existing systems is their exposure to event-related biases, which negatively affects their ability to generalize to emerging events. While recent advancements in debiasing and causal learning offer promising solutions, they remain underexplored in the disaster event domain. In this work, we approach bias mitigation through a causal lens and propose a method to reduce event- and domain-related biases, enhancing generalization to future events. Our approach outperforms multiple baselines by up to +1.9% F1 and significantly improves a PLM-based classifier across three disaster classification tasks.

Generalizing to Unseen Disaster Events: A Causal View

International enterprises, organizations, and hospitals collect large amounts of multi-modal data stored in databases, text documents, images, and videos. While there has been recent progress in the separate fields of multi-modal data exploration as well as in database systems that automatically translate natural language questions to database query languages, the research challenge of querying both structured databases and unstructured modalities (e.g., texts, images) in natural language remains largely unexplored.
In this paper, we propose M$^2$EX, a system that enables multi-modal data exploration via language agents. Our approach is based on the following research contributions: (1) Our system is inspired by a real-world use case that enables users to explore multi-modal information systems. (2) M$^2$EX leverages an LLM-based agentic AI framework to decompose a natural language question into subtasks such as text-to-SQL generation and image analysis and to orchestrate modality-specific experts in an efficient query plan. (3) Experimental results on multi-modal datasets, encompassing relational data, text, and images, demonstrate that our system outperforms state-of-the-art multi-modal exploration systems, excelling in both accuracy and various performance metrics, including query latency, API costs, and planning efficiency, thanks to the more effective utilization of the reasoning capabilities of LLMs.

Multi-Modal Data Exploration via Language Agents

Generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) texts in important works has become a common practice that can be used to misuse and abuse AI at various levels. Traditional AI detectors often rely on document-level classification, which struggles to identify AI content in hybrid or slightly edited texts designed to avoid detection, leading to concerns about the model's efficiency, which makes it hard to distinguish between human-written and AI-generated texts. A sentence-level sequence labeling model proposed to detect transitions between human- and AI-generated text, leveraging nuanced linguistic signals overlooked by document-level classifiers. By this method, detecting and segmenting AI and human-written text within a single document at the token-level granularity is achieved. Our model combines the state-of-the-art pre-trained Transformer models, incorporating Neural Networks (NN) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). This approach extends the power of transformers to extract semantic and syntactic patterns, and the neural network component to capture enhanced sequence-level representations, thereby improving the boundary predictions by the CRF layer, which enhances sequence recognition and further identification of the partition between Human- and AI-generated texts. The evaluation is performed on two publicly available benchmark datasets containing collaborative human and AI-generated texts. Our experimental comparisons are with zero-shot detectors and the existing state-of-the-art models, along with rigorous ablation studies to justify that this approach, in particular, can accurately detect the spans of AI texts in a completely collaborative text.

Fine-Grained Detection of AI-Generated Text Using Sentence-Level Segmentation

Recent progress in NLP research has demonstrated remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. While recent multilingual benchmarks have advanced cultural evaluation for LLMs, critical gaps remain in capturing the nuances of low-resource cultures. Our work addresses these limitations through a Bengali Language Cultural Knowledge (BLanCK) dataset including folk traditions, culinary arts, and regional dialects. Our investigation of several multilingual language models shows that while these models perform well in non-cultural categories, they struggle significantly with cultural knowledge and performance improves substantially across all models when context is provided, emphasizing context-aware architectures and culturally curated training data.

From Facts to Folklore: Evaluating Large Language Models on Bengali Cultural Knowledge

The present article introduces **IndicClaimBuster**, a novel multilingual claim verification dataset comprising $\approx$ 9K claims and their corresponding evidence in English, Hindi, Bengali, and Hindi-English CodeMixed texts. The data set covers three key domains: politics, law and order, and health, to address the challenges of verifiable facts. Each claim was sourced from reputable Indian news portals and is accompanied by three pieces of evidence, two LLM-generated and one manually curated. Additionally, a separate attempt was conducted to generate refuted claims by employing an LLM. We further develop two frameworks: an unsupervised baseline and a two-stage pipeline that comprises evidence retrieval and veracity prediction modules. For retrieval, we fine-tuned SBERT models, with e5-base demonstrating superior average performance across languages, whereas for veracity prediction, multilingual transformers (mBERT, XLM-R, MuRIL, IndicBERTv2) were fine-tuned. Results indicate MuRIL and IndicBERTv2 excel in Indian languages, while XLM-R performs the best for CodeMix. Our work contributes a high-quality multilingual dataset and strong baseline methodologies, offering valuable resources for advancing automated claim verification in linguistically diverse and low-resource settings for Indian languages. The IndicClaimBuster dataset is available at: https://github.com/pritampal98/indic-claim-buster

IndicClaimBuster: A Multilingual Claim Verification Dataset

In the era of rapid Internet and social media development, individuals readily share their investment opinions online. The overwhelming volume of such opinions makes comprehensive evaluation impractical, highlighting the need for an effective recommendation system that can identify valuable insights. To address this challenge, we propose an argument-based sentiment analysis framework that incorporates a new perspective on opinion strength. Our approach introduces the concept of a Fuzzy Strength Degree (FSD), derived from the difference between analysts’ target and closing prices, to quantify the intensity of opinions. By integrating argument mining techniques, we further decompose each opinion into claims and premises, examine their relationships, and use these structures to evaluate the persuasive strength of the arguments. This dual strategy allows us to rank both professional and amateur investor opinions without relying on user history or social signals. Experiments show that our method works best for analyst reports, while on social media, simpler approaches based on wording and professionalism features perform better. Moreover, our analysis of professional analysts’ and traders’ behaviors reveals that top-ranked opinions are more likely to influence subsequent market actions. These findings demonstrate that argument structure and quantified opinion strength provide a novel and reliable foundation for investment opinion recommendation.

Enhancing Investment Opinion Ranking through Argument-Based Sentiment Analysis

In related work section of a scientific paper, authors collect relevant citations and structure them into coherent paragraphs that follow a logical order. Previous studies have addressed citation recommendation and related work section generation in settings where both the citations and their order are provided in advance. However, they have not adequately addressed the optimal ordering of these citations, which is a critical step for achieving fully automated related work section generation. In this study, we propose a new task, citation arrangement, which focuses on determining the optimal order of cited papers to enable fully automated related work section generation. Our approach decomposes citation arrangement into three tasks: citation clustering, paragraph ordering, and citation ordering within a paragraph. For each task, we propose a method that uses a large language model (LLM) in combination with a graph-based technique to comprehensively consider the context of each paper and the relationships among all cited papers. The experimental results show that our method is more effective than methods that generate outputs for each task using only an LLM.

Optimizing the Arrangement of Citations in Related Work Section

We introduce a novel approach for long context summarisation, highlight-guided generation, that leverages sentence-level information as a content plan to improve the traceability and faithfulness of generated summaries. Our framework applies self-planning methods to identify important content and then generates a summary conditioned on the plan. We explore both an end-to-end and two-stage variants of the approach, finding that the two-stage pipeline performs better on long and information-dense documents. Experiments on long-form summarisation datasets demonstrate that our method consistently improves factual consistency while preserving relevance and overall quality. On GovReport, our best approach has improved ROUGE-L by 4.1 points and achieves about 35\% gains in SummaC scores. Qualitative analysis shows that highlight-guided summarisation helps preserve important details, leading to more accurate and insightful summaries across domains.

Enhancing Long Document Long Form Summarisation with Self-Planning

We study automatic post-editing for patent translation, where accuracy and traceability are critical, and propose a two-step pipeline that combines a multilingual encoder for token-level error detection with an LLM for targeted correction. As no word-level annotations exist for Japanese–English patents, we create supervised data by injecting synthetic errors into parallel patent sentences and fine-tune mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa, and mDeBERTa as detectors. In the second stage, GPT-4o is prompted to revise translations either freely or under a restricted policy that allows edits only on detector-marked spans. For error detection, evaluation on synthetic errors shows that encoder-based detectors outperform LLMs in both F1 and MCC. For error correction, tests on synthetic, repetition, and omission datasets demonstrate statistically significant BLEU gains over LLM methods for synthetic and repetition errors, while omission errors remain challenging. Overall, pairing compact encoders with an LLM enables more accurate and controllable post-editing for key patent error types, reducing unnecessary rewrites via restricted edits. Future work will focus on strengthening omission modeling to better detect and correct missing content.

Two Step Automatic Post Editing of Patent Machine Translation based on Pre-trained Encoder Models and LLMs

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their In-Context Learning (ICL) capabilities, there is no consensus on the underlying mechanisms. 
A key point of debate is whether ICL allows models to adapt to unseen tasks without parameter updates—that is, whether they can extrapolate. 
In this study, we address this question by constructing an arithmetic dataset based on the bivariate linear function $z=ax+by$ to train a model and quantitatively evaluate its interpolation and extrapolation abilities through ICL. 
Our results show that while extrapolation was not achieved within our experimental design, tasks that were partially learned could be solved. 
We also found that the model acquires internal representations that can distinguish unseen tasks, and that greater task diversity in the training dataset improves ICL capabilities.

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Generalizing to Unseen Disaster Events: A Causal View

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