Vaccination remains one of the most effective strategies of modern medicine in controlling infectious disease outbreaks. However, numerous case reports have described ocular adverse events following administration of COVID-19, influenza, and herpes zoster vaccines. These manifestations range from mild inflammation to vision-threatening complications, including Graves’ orbitopathy, uveitis, optic neuropathies, acute retinal necrosis, retinal vascular occlusions, corneal graft rejection, and cranial nerve palsies. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and included 143 studies retrieved from PubMed in February 2025. Articles were screened and categorized by anatomical location and type of ocular manifestation. Many cases resolved with corticosteroids, antivirals, or conservative management; however, a subset of patients experienced persistent vision loss, structural damage, or recurrence. While most cases showed a temporal association rather than definitive causality, proposed mechanisms include molecular mimicry, bystander T-cell activation, and dysregulated cytokine responses in genetically predisposed individuals. Although rare, clinicians should remain aware of these pos-sible adverse effects and monitor high-risk patients accordingly.