United States

2025 AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting &amp; Exposition

Introduction

## Welcome to NAACL 2022!
The Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL) is taking place July 10-15, 2022 as a hybrid event, in Seattle, WA and online. We are happy to welcome all of you to conference! 
 
The main conference program features oral presentations, in-person and virtual posters and demo sessions, a plenary session for our best paper presentations and awards, keynote presentations, a plenary panel on the place of linguistics and symbolic structures in NLP, and an Industrial Track panel on Careers in NLP.
 
Posters (including Findings of NAACL 2022) and demos are grouped by areas for both the in-person and the virtual sessions. For the virtual component, the talks will be on Zoom and the posters and the demos will be in GatherTown. The Student Research Workshop and will have an oral session and a poster session.
 
The program also features 6 Tutorials and 26 Workshops.
 
 We wish you a wonderful conference!
 
[The NAACL 2022 Organizing Committee](https://2022.naacl.org/committees/organization/)

NAACL 2022

2022 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

#### The AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting: A Unique Analytical Science Opportunity

The AOAC Annual Meeting & Exposition provides unparalleled professional development, networking, and collaboration in methods-based science. 

* **Businesses**: Meet scientific and regulatory experts and engage with new trends and standards.

* **Scientists**: Build professional expertise and network with your community to share information and best practices.

* **Regulators**: Leverage unprecedented opportunity for stakeholder collaboration on complex testing and analysis challenges, helping improve compliance and public safety.

* **Academia**: Engage with colleagues – both students and faculty – at all career and research levels.


#### Keep Pace with Innovation
* Take advantage of emerging methods, best practices, and trending topics like food fraud and cannabis purity and potency. 
* Discover new technologies, from DNA authentication to genomic microbial identification. 
* Get professional insights from industry insiders through the AOAC Spotlight.

#### Experience the AOAC Analytical Solutions Forum

This multi-faceted “idea incubator” focuses on regulatory changes and emerging food safety issues. A plenary and two breakout sessions feature thought-provoking ideas to identify and meet analytical needs.

The 2025 AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting & Exposition was held in person in San Diego, USA.

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2025 AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting & Exposition

The AOAC Annual Meeting & Exposition provides unparalleled professional development, networking, and collaboration in methods-based science.

ASF Session Introduction

Quantitative analysis of food components is essential for optimizing food formulation, enhancing the effectiveness of clinical trials, informing nutrition policy, and improving AI applications in the food domain. To support these goals, a suite of advanced analytical tools has been developed for the two most abundant food components: carbohydrates and proteins. These tools significantly improve upon current methodologies by offering high sensitivity and quantitative precision across a broad range of molecular sizes—from monomers to large polymers.
For protein analysis, the platform encompasses metabolomic (amino acids and dipeptides), peptidomic (peptides), and proteomic (whole proteins) approaches. Similarly, carbohydrate analysis spans monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, corresponding to metabolomic and glycomic levels. Carbohydrates present unique challenges due to their structural complexity and diverse linkage patterns, which often lead to misclassification in nutritional databases and inaccuracies in clinical interpretations.
To address these issues, a comprehensive multi-glycomic platform has been developed. Carbohydrates are fractionated into alcohol-soluble and alcohol-insoluble components. The soluble fractions are analyzed using advanced liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify free mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. The insoluble fractions undergo three specialized LC-MS workflows that enable detailed monosaccharide quantification, linkage analysis (covering over 100 types), and polysaccharide identification and quantification.
These multi-omics methods are rapid, automated, and highly quantitative, allowing for in-depth structural characterization of both whole and processed foods, as well as their interactions with the digestive tract and the gut microbiome. The resulting data not only inform clinical trials and nutrition policy but also enhance AI models by providing detailed structural-functional insights into key food components.

Awards Ceremony & Keynote Address

Choline, a vital nutrient essential for cognitive functions, including memory, executive functions, and learning. Humans obtain choline from two sources: dietary intake and hepatic biosynthesis. Choline's biosynthesis is regulated by estrogen, which diminishes with ageing, impacting postmenopausal women. However, the recent NHANES shows only 2% of postmenopausal women in the U.S. meet the adequate intake (AI) of choline, highlighting the critical need for a novel ingredient to increase choline consumption. We hypothesize Whey Protein Phospholipid Concentrate (WPPC), a byproduct of cheese processing, is a bioavailable and safe source of choline because of its richness of choline precursors, phosphatidylcholine, and unique triple-layered phospholipid structure. To test this hypothesis, I will conduct a single-blinded parallel-designed randomized control trial in postmenopausal women. The changes in serum choline metabolites after WPPC intervention will be measured by UHPLC-HRMS/MS as the primary outcome. The safety of WPPC consumption will be determined by dissecting the changes in detrimental metabolites of choline, trimethylamine (TMA) and its oxidized product (TMAO), using UHPLC-HRMS/MS, and alteration of oxidative stress and proinflammatory biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, and hsCRP by utilizing ELISA and immunoturbidimetry. Lastly, the abundance and diversity of gut microbes will be measured using 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the impacts of WPPC on cognition-related microbe populations. Our findings will demonstrate the safety and bioavailability profile of WPPC and its application in supplementing choline intake in postmenopausal women. The clinical data will support the establishment of a Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for choline.

Assessing Choline Bioavailability and Metabolism from a New Dairy Ingredient (WPPC) for Post-Menopausal Women: A Randomized Control Trial

The “Paralytic Shellfish Poisons” (PSP), which can be produced by various marine dinoflagellates, mainly of the genus Alexandrium, and other freshwater algae and cyanobacteria. Due to the accumulation of these neurotoxins during filter feeding, shellfish (mussels, clams, oysters and scallops) can often become contaminated in areas when harmful algal blooms (HABs) are present. When shellfish tissue levels exceed a safe action level, typically 80 ug Saxitoxin diHCl (STX diHCl) equivalent /100 g tissue (800 ppb), the shellfish beds are closed to harvesting.
There are over 30 different analogues of STX identified and classified by their different degrees of toxicity. Saxitoxin, Neosaxitoxin, gonyautoxin- (GTX1& 4, GTX 2 & 3) and decarbamoyl-STX (dc-STX) are the more acutely toxic based upon their i.p. toxicity in mice. 
Beacon developed a quantitative immunoassay, which capable of detecting both Saxitoxin and Neosaxitoxin.  Also, GTX1&4, GTX 2&3 can be converted to STX and Neosaxitoxin by L-cysteine treated sample extract. This quantitative ELISA assay can detect the most toxic PSP congeners in shellfish.

Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) Immunoassay Plate Kit

Background & Objective: Wheat is critical to Canada’s economy, contributing approximately $10.2 billion annually, with 80% of wheat exported. However, ergot contamination caused by Claviceps purpurea poses a significant food safety risk due to the presence of toxic ergot alkaloids (EAs). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for EA detection compared to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Additionally, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) method was developed and validated to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of EA detection.  
Methods: The ELISA kit was validated using standard and in-house reference materials. CR was determined as the ratio of IC50 values of individual alkaloids to ergotamine. Spiked solvent and wheat matrix were analyzed using ELISA and UHPLC-MS/MS, followed by regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots. A UHPLC-HRMS method was developed and validated for enhanced EA quantification.  
Results: ELISA showed a strong correlation with UHPLC-MS/MS (r=0.8793) but underestimated total EA concentrations by a factor of two. CR varied widely, with ergometrine exhibiting the highest CR in solvent and wheat matrix, indicating substantial matrix effects. UHPLC-HRMS provided superior resolution, sensitivity, and mass accuracy, enabling comprehensive EA profiling and identification of previously undetected alkaloids.  
Conclusion: While ELISA offers a rapid screening approach, its accuracy is highly influenced by matrix effects and CR variability. The validated UHPLC-HRMS method enhanced analytical capabilities by providing high sensitivity and specificity, complementing UHPLC-MS/MS for regulatory compliance and improved food safety in wheat monitoring, ensuring more reliable and comprehensive analysis.

Comparison of ELISA, UHPLC-MS/MS, and Development of UHPLC-HRMS Method for Ergot Alkaloid Quantification in Wheat

A rapid and sensitive method for the confirmation and quantification of sports performance pharmaceutical adulterants in dietary supplements using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. The  method presented here is applicable to the determination of  21 sports performance pharmaceutical adulterants. The sample preparation includes a methanol extraction and a dilution step. Chromatographic separation was performed on an InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Chiral-V column. The method was validated and proved to be linear, accurate, robust, and precise over the range 20 to 400 ng/ml (5µg/g to 100µg/g)  and with the detection limit of 2 µg/g for all compounds in different types of dietary supplements.  

Determination of Sports Performance Pharmaceutical Adulterants in Dietary Supplements by LC-MS/MS

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is a sustainable industrial crop traditionally cultivated for natural rubber production. However, its pharmaceutical potential remains underexplored. In this study, we present an integrated green analytical platform to simultaneously recover natural rubber and pharmacologically active secondary metabolites from TKS roots and leaves. Using UPLC-MS/MS, we identified 1,813 metabolites, including caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, and lipid derivatives. Multivariate analyses (PCA, OPLS-DA) confirmed tissue-specific metabolic specialization, revealing 964 differentially expressed compounds between roots and leaves. Notably, leaf tissues were enriched in cynarin, chicoric acid, and luteolin derivatives—compounds known for antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects.
We implemented an ethanol–aqueous biphasic extraction to optimize compound preservation and co-extraction efficiency, validated via KEGG pathway mapping and mass spectrometric quantification. KEGG enrichment highlighted active biosynthesis of flavonoids and amino acid metabolites, supporting the nutraceutical relevance of TKS leaves. Root-specific enrichment of quinones and alkaloids suggests stress adaptation and antimicrobial potential.
This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a dual-use biomanufacturing platform for botanical APIs and clean latex from U.S.-grown TKS. It contributes to the standardization of metabolite recovery from non-model plants and supports domestic sourcing of high-value nutraceutical ingredients. Our green extraction methodology enhances reproducibility and analytical rigor in dietary supplement development.

Integrated Extraction of Botanical Actives and Natural Rubber from Taraxacum kok-saghyz Using Green Analytical Techniques

Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins formed by fungi and have been shown to cause a variety of human health effects. Recent studies have shown that mycotoxins are occurring in areas of the world that historically have not had contamination, such as Aflatoxin in European wheat, presumably due to climate change. In this study, a method was developed using a high-end LC-MS/MS system to quantify multiple mycotoxins in cereals and food products at lower limits of detection. This is important because mycotoxin regulations have been lowered in some countries and regions. In addition, novel mycotoxins not routinely monitored have emerged, necessitating the expansion of the analyte panel. The method was applied to the analysis of various globally sourced toddler snacks.Preliminary data from the analysis of 30 toddler food samples showed that 94% were positive for at least one mycotoxin. Most of the samples contained mycotoxins from the Enniatin class with 47 positives found for this group. In addition, Beauvericin and the aflatoxins were also very prominent in the majority of the samples. The preliminary study was expanded to include toddler food samples from various regions around the world. These global trends will be presented as well as the results from various cereal grains.
 
 

Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Cereals and Toddler Food Using a High-End Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer

Total ORAC 5 (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) is a series of five test methods that are used for the individual measurement of 5 different antioxidant capacities against its respective radical in functional ingredients and foods. These radicals are hydroxyl, peroxyl, peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide anion (O2-). Each of these test methods works on the principle of a fluorescent probe’s fluorescence being either oxidized or reduced by an active free radical species that was not inhibited by an antioxidant. The analysis takes place in a 96 well plate with various reference standards used and the final results being reported as umol Trolox equivalents per gram of material (umol TE/g) . These reactions are mixed, incubated, monitored and recorded using a fluorescence platereader. The degree of which the probe fluoresces is used to indicate the antioxidant capacity of the material. Each of the five antioxidant capacity test methods were individually validated and then combined into a single standard operating procedure and referred to as Total ORAC 5. The five methods can be referred to as ORAC (Hydrophilic Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity), HORAC (Hydroxyl Radical Absorbance Capacity, NORAC (Peroxynitrite Scavenging Activity Assay), SORAC (Singlet Oxygen Scavenging Activity Assay) and SOAC (Superoxide Scavenging Activity Assay). The validation incorporated method linearity/range, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, robustness and LOD/LOQ to demonstrate the method is fit for purpose.

A Method Validation for the Quantitative Analysis of the Antioxidant Capacity in Functional Ingredients and Foods by Total ORAC 5

Tang Kuei (Angelica sinensis) shares similar phytochemical profiles with other Angelica species, including A. archangelica, A. dahurica, A. decursiva, and A. acutiloba. These similarities—comprising volatile oils, polysaccharides, organic acids, and flavonoids—pose challenges for species identification using conventional methods like HPLC and HPTLC, especially in the absence of sufficient reference standards. To overcome these limitations, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed, leveraging its high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) capabilities to detect subtle differences in component profiles. Chromatograms of the test samples were compared with a botanical reference material (BRM) of A. sinensis, revealing two distinct peaks absent in the BRM. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified the two peaks as decursin and its isomer, which are known markers predominantly associated with A. decursiva or specific subspecies of A. sinensis. This method integrates database searches with authenticated reference standards, allowing for precise identification of unknown compounds and confirmation of their botanical origins. It establishes a reliable framework for detecting deviations from the typical chemical profile of A. sinensis, effectively identifying potential contamination or adulteration by other Angelica species.

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