United States

In medical image analysis, detecting multiple structures is crucial for evaluations and diagnosis but is often limited by the lack of high-quality annotations. Semi-supervised object detection emerges as a potent methodology to enhance model performance and generalization by leveraging a vast pool of unlabeled data alongside a minimal set of labeled data. A striking observation is that both unlabelled and labeled medical images contain a priori anatomical knowledge from human screening. In this work, we introduce a novel semi-supervised approach named Semi-akmm for mining and matching anatomical knowledge in ultrasound images. We develop an Adaptive Prior Knowledge Transfer (APKT) module to mine and explore the distribution and knowledge of potential proposal boxes by proposal proportion constraint. Furthermore, within a teacher-student learning framework, we put forward an Anatomical Structure Matching (ASM) module to facilitate co-learning consistent topological prior knowledge between the student and teacher models. To our knowledge, this marks the inception of an efficient semi-supervised medical multi-structure detection model. Our experiments across five publicly available ultrasound datasets demonstrate that Semi-akmm sets a new benchmark in performance with very solid results that outperform existing methods. The codes will be publicly available.

AAAI 2025

Anatomical Knowledge Mining and Matching for Semi-supervised Medical Multi-structure Detection

## Welcome to NAACL 2022!
The Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL) is taking place July 10-15, 2022 as a hybrid event, in Seattle, WA and online. We are happy to welcome all of you to conference! 
 
The main conference program features oral presentations, in-person and virtual posters and demo sessions, a plenary session for our best paper presentations and awards, keynote presentations, a plenary panel on the place of linguistics and symbolic structures in NLP, and an Industrial Track panel on Careers in NLP.
 
Posters (including Findings of NAACL 2022) and demos are grouped by areas for both the in-person and the virtual sessions. For the virtual component, the talks will be on Zoom and the posters and the demos will be in GatherTown. The Student Research Workshop and will have an oral session and a poster session.
 
The program also features 6 Tutorials and 26 Workshops.
 
 We wish you a wonderful conference!
 
[The NAACL 2022 Organizing Committee](https://2022.naacl.org/committees/organization/)

NAACL 2022

2022 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

poster

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



Visual text generation, which aims to generate photo-realistic images with coherent and well-formed scene text being rendered, has attracted widespread attention. 
Although recent works have achieved promising performance, the limited flexibility and controllability hinders their practical applications. 
We observe that different from natural objects, visual text in real scenes often has an arbitrarily shaped structure with different granularities (i.e., character, word, or line).
In this paper, we consider the modality gap between image and text, and propose a new separation and composition pipeline for flexible and controllable visual text generation from only text prompts.
At the core of our framework is a novel Hierarchical and Directional Layout representation, i.e., HDLayout, which can model the sequential and multi-granularity nature of the visual text.
Under this formulation, we are able to generate arbitrarily shaped visual text automatically. 
Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms several strong baselines in a variety of scenarios both qualitatively and quantitatively, yielding state-of-the-art performances on arbitrarily shaped visual text generation.

HDLayout: Hierarchical and Directional Layout Planning for Arbitrary Shaped Visual Text Generation

Visual Reinforcement Learning (RL) facilitates learning directly from raw images; however, the domain gap between training and testing environments frequently leads to a decline in performance within unseen environments. In this paper, we propose Fourier Guided Adaptive Adversarial Augmentation (FGA3), a novel augmentation method that maintains semantic consistency. We focus on style augmentation in the frequency domain by keeping the phase and altering the amplitude to preserve the state of the original data. For adaptive adversarial perturbation, we reformulate the worst-case problem to RL by employing adversarial example training, which leverages value loss and cosine similarity within a semantic space. Moreover, our findings illustrate that cosine similarity is effective in quantifying feature distances within a semantic space. Extensive experiments on DMControl-GB and Procgen have shown that FGA3 is compatible with a wide range of visual RL algorithms, both off-policy and on-policy, and significantly improves the robustness of the agent in unseen environments.

Fourier Guided Adaptive Adversarial Augmentation for Generalization in Visual Reinforcement Learning

Despite the advanced long-sequence modeling of Mamba, which has expanded its applications in image restoration, there remains a lack of exploration combining its strengths with the specific characteristics of JPEG image restoration, where high-frequency components are lost after the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). To address this, we introduce DCTMamba, a new framework designed to apply Mamba more effectively to JPEG image restoration. Specifically, our method integrates the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) into the Mamba to establish the sequential scanning from lower to higher frequencies, enabling the network to initially reconstruct coarse structures and progressively refine the image with more intricate details. Furthermore, recognizing the variable frequency distributions that arise from DCT transformations across different image sizes, we have developed Scale-Adaptive Normalization to manage these variations adeptly. Comprehensive experiments confirm that DCTMamba significantly outperforms existing solutions, achieving high fidelity in both coarse structures and fine details.CTMamba significantly outperforms existing solutions, achieving high fidelity
in both coarse structures and fine details.

DCTMamba: Advancing JPEG Image Restoration through Long-Sequence Modeling and Adaptive Frequency Strategy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application is constrained by substantial memory and computational demands. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an effective method to accelerate LLM inference. Despite its growing popularity in LLM model compression, PTQ deployment faces two major challenges. First, low-bit quantization leads to performance degradation. Second, restricted by the limited integer computing unit type on GPUs, quantized matrix operations with different precisions cannot be effectively accelerated. To address these issues, we introduce a novel arbitrary-bit quantization algorithm and inference framework, ABQ-LLM. It achieves superior performance across various quantization settings and enables efficient arbitrary-precision quantized inference on the GPU. ABQ-LLM introduces several key innovations: (1) a distribution correction method for transformer blocks to mitigate distribution differences caused by full quantization of weights and activations, improving performance at low bit-widths. (2) the bit balance strategy to counteract performance degradation from asymmetric distribution issues at very low bit-widths (e.g., 2-bit). (3) an innovative quantization acceleration framework that reconstructs the quantization matrix multiplication of arbitrary precision combinations based on BTC (Binary TensorCore) equivalents, gets rid of the limitations of INT4/INT8 computing units. ABQ-LLM can convert each component bit width gain into actual acceleration gain, maximizing performance under mixed precision(e.g., W6A6, W2A8). Based on W2*A8 quantization configuration on LLaMA-7B model, it achieved a WikiText2 perplexity of 7.59 (2.17$\downarrow $ vs 9.76 in AffineQuant). Compared to SmoothQuant, we realized 1.6$\times$ acceleration improvement and 2.7$\times$ memory compression gain.

ABQ-LLM: Arbitrary-Bit Quantized Inference Acceleration for Large Language Models

The powerful capability of HyperGraph Neural Networks (HGNNs) in modeling intricate, high-order relationships among multiple data samples stems primarily from their ability to aggregate both the direct neighborhood features of individual nodes and those associated with hyperedges. 
However, the limited scope of feature propagation in existing HGNNs significantly reduces the utilization of hypergraph information, exacerbating over-squashing and over-smoothing issues.
 To this end, we propose a novel $\boldsymbol{K}$-hop $\boldsymbol{H}$yper$\boldsymbol{G}$raph $\boldsymbol{N}$eural $\boldsymbol{N}$etwork (KHGNN) to facilitate the interactions of distant nodes and hyperedges. 
Specifically, the bisection nested convolution based on HyperGINE is employed to extract features from nodes, hyperedges, and structures along all shortest paths between nodes or hyperedges, providing representations of long-distance relationships. 
With these comprehensive path features, nodes and hyperedges are guided to aggregate distant information while learning their complex relationships. 
The extensive experiments, particularly on long-range graph datasets, demonstrate that the proposed method achieves SOTA performance compared to existing HGNNs and graph neural networks.

K-hop Hypergraph Neural Network: A Comprehensive Aggregation Approach

Multimodal large language models have experienced rapid growth, and numerous different models have emerged. The interpretability of MLLM remains an under-explored area. Especially when faced with more complex tasks such as chain-of-thought reasoning, its internal mechanisms still resemble a black box that is difficult to decipher. By studying the interaction and information flow between images and text, we noticed that in models such as LLaVA1.5,  image tokens that are semantically related to text are more likely to have information flow convergence in the LLM decoding layer, and these image tokens receive higher attention scores. However, those image tokens that are less relevant to the text do not have information flow convergence, and they only get very small attention scores. To efficiently utilize the image information, we propose a new image token reduction method, Simignore, which aims to improve the complex reasoning ability of MLLM by computing the similarity between image and text embeddings and ignoring image tokens that are irrelevant and unimportant to the text. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for complex reasoning tasks.

Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models Complex Reason via Similarity Computation

RAW-to-sRGB mapping, or the simulation of the traditional camera image signal processor (ISP), aims to generate DSLR-quality sRGB images from raw data captured by smartphone sensors. Despite achieving comparable results to sophisticated handcrafted camera ISP solutions, existing learning-based methods still struggle with detail disparity and color distortion. In this paper, we present ISPDiffuser, a diffusion-based decoupled framework that separates the RAW-to-sRGB mapping into detail reconstruction in grayscale space and color consistency mapping from grayscale to sRGB. Specifically, we propose a texture-aware diffusion model that leverages the generative ability of diffusion models to focus on local detail recovery, in which a texture enrichment loss is further proposed to prompt the diffusion model to generate more intricate texture details. Subsequently, we introduce a histogram-guided color consistency module that utilizes color histogram as guidance to learn precise color information for grayscale to sRGB color consistency mapping, with a color consistency loss designed to constrain the learned color information. Extensive experiments on publicly available real-world benchmarks show that the proposed ISPDiffuser outperforms state-of-the-art competitors both quantitatively and visually. Code will be released to facilitate future research.

ISPDiffuser: Learning RAW-to-sRGB Mappings with Texture-Aware Diffusion Models and Histogram-Guided Color Consistency

In clinical imaging, medical segmentation networks typically require continually adapting to new data from multiple sites over time, as aggregating all data for learning at once can be impractical due to storage limitations and privacy concerns. 
However, existing methods basically overlook domain-specific characteristics and fall short of adequately capturing domain-invariant knowledge during continual learning, leading to undesired catastrophic forgetting of previous sites and inferior generalization to new sites. 
To tackle this issue, this paper introduces FR2Seg, to sufficiently exploit both domain-specific and domain-invariant knowledge for efficient continual learning with the aid of low-frequency cues. 
For the former aspect, we propose a Fourier style reply module to synthesize pseudo images with old-site styles for data augmentation during new-site training, effectively preventing catastrophic forgetting without sacrificing data privacy. 
For the latter, we present a Fourier adaptive consistency regularization to identify and constrain the optimization of domain-invariant parameters with explicit awareness of knowledge transferability across sites, ensuring excellent generalizability to new sites. 
Experimental results on two public datasets confirm our method's superiority over existing state-of-the-art continual learning methods.

FR²Seg: Continual Segmentation Across Multiple Sites via Fourier Style Replay and Adaptive Consistency Regularization

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have garnered increasing interest for their ability to learn concepts via propositional formulas and their proven efficiency across various application domains. Despite this, the convergence proof for the TMs, particularly for the AND operator (\emph{conjunction} of literals), in the generalized case (inputs greater than two bits) remains an open problem. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a comprehensive convergence analysis of Tsetlin automaton-based Machine Learning algorithms. We introduce a novel framework, referred to as Probabilistic Concept Learning (PCL), which simplifies the TM structure while incorporating dedicated feedback mechanisms and dedicated inclusion/exclusion probabilities for literals. Given $n$ features, PCL aims to learn a set of conjunction clauses $C_i$ each associated with a distinct inclusion probability $p_i$. Most importantly, we establish a theoretical proof confirming that, for any clause $C_k$, PCL converges to a conjunction of literals when $0.5<p_k<1$.
This result serves as a stepping stone for future research on the convergence properties of Tsetlin automaton-based learning algorithms. Our findings not only contribute to the theoretical understanding of Tsetlin automaton-based learning algorithms but also have implications for their practical application, potentially leading to more robust and interpretable machine learning models.

Generalized Convergence Analysis of Tsetlin Automaton Based Algorithms: A Probabilistic Approach to Concept Learning

Conditional independence (CI) testing is a fundamental task in modern statistics and machine learning. The conditional randomization test (CRT) was recently introduced to test whether two random variables, $X$ and $Y$, are conditionally independent given a potentially high-dimensional set of random variables, $Z$. The CRT operates exceptionally well under the assumption that the conditional distribution $X|Z$ is known. However, since this distribution is typically unknown in practice, accurately approximating it becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose using  conditional diffusion models (CDMs) to learn the distribution of $X|Z$. Theoretically and empirically, it is shown that CDMs  closely approximate the true conditional distribution. Furthermore, CDMs offer a more accurate approximation of  $X|Z$ compared to GANs, potentially leading to a CRT that performs better than those based on GANs. To accommodate complex dependency structures, we utilize a computationally efficient classifier-based conditional mutual information (CMI) estimator as our test statistic. The proposed testing procedure performs effectively without requiring assumptions about specific distribution forms or feature dependencies, 
and is capable of handling mixed-type conditioning sets that include both continuous and discrete variables. Theoretical analysis  shows that our proposed test achieves a valid control of the type I error. A series of experiments on synthetic data  demonstrates that our new test 
effectively controls both type-I and type-II errors,  even in  high dimensional scenarios.

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