United States

Most existing just noticeable difference (JND) methods primarily integrate specific masking effects in a single domain. However, these single-domain JND methods struggle with the structural discrepancies in multi-source content images, limiting their effectiveness in visual redundancy estimation. To address this  issue, we propose a dual domain encoder that combines spatial and frequency features to comprehensively capture visual patterns. Our design includes spatial pattern balance and frequency detail correction modules to balance global and local patterns and correct low- and high-frequency  distributions. Additionally, we develop a dual domain decoder to effectively extract multi-scale pattern redundancies and integrate them with detail redundancies in the frequency domain. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method in handling structural discrepancies in multi-source content images.

AAAI 2025

DDJND: Dual Domain Just Noticeable Difference in Multi-Source Content Images with Structural Discrepancy

poster

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



Anomaly detection on attributed networks has applications in various domains such as finance and email spam detection, thus gaining substantial attention. However, the current mainstream anomaly detection methods are mainly designed for centralized architectures, which may bring the risk of privacy leakage in some sensitive scenarios. As an emerging technology, federated graph learning aims to realize model training of graph data through distributed collaboration, while preserving data privacy. Nevertheless, when graph data is scattered across multiple clients, federated graph learning may not manage to harness the full potential of distributed data, yielding suboptimal performance. Taking into account this insight, we propose a federated graph anomaly detection framework utilizing contrastive self-supervised learning (FedCLGN). First, we put forward an augmentation method to maintain global negative pairs on the server side. This includes initial identification of anomaly nodes using pseudo-labels and extraction of node neighbor embedding data from clients. Then, we adopt graph diffusion to enhance the feature representation of nodes, capturing the global structure and local connection patterns. This strategy can strengthen the differentiation between positive and negative instance pairs. Finally, the effectiveness of our approach is verified by experimental results on four real graph datasets.

Federated Graph Anomaly Detection Through Contrastive Learning with Global Negative Pairs

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have markedly enhanced the interpretation and processing of tabular data, introducing previously unimaginable capabilities. Despite these achievements, LLMs still encounter significant challenges when applied in industrial scenarios, particularly due to the increased complexity of reasoning required with real-world tabular data, underscoring a notable disparity between academic benchmarks and practical applications. To address this discrepancy, we conduct a detailed investigation into the application of tabular data in industrial scenarios and propose a comprehensive and complex benchmark TableBench, including 18 fields within four major categories of table question answering (TableQA) capabilities. Furthermore, we introduce TableLLM, trained on our meticulously constructed training set TableInstruct, achieving comparable performance with GPT-3.5. Massive experiments conducted on TableBench indicate that both open-source and proprietary LLMs still have significant room for improvement to meet real-world demands, where the most advanced model, GPT-4, achieves only a modest score compared to humans.

TableBench: A Comprehensive and Complex Benchmark for Table Question Answering

Despite the advancements in large language models (LLMs) for mathematical reasoning, solving competition-level math problems remains a significant challenge, especially for open-source LLMs without external tools. We introduce the MMIQC dataset, comprising a mixture of processed web data and synthetic question-response pairs, aimed at enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of base language models. Models fine-tuned on MMIQC consistently surpass their counterparts in performance on the MATH benchmark across various model sizes. Notably, Qwen-72B-MMIQC achieves a 45.0% accuracy, exceeding the previous open-source state-of-the-art by 8.2% and outperforming the initial version GPT-4 released in 2023. Extensive evaluation results on Hungarian high school finals suggest that such improvement can generalize to unseen data. Our ablation study on MMIQC reveals that a large part of the improvement can be attributed to our novel augmentation method, Iterative Question Composing (IQC), which involves iteratively composing new questions from seed problems using an LLM and applying rejection sampling through another LLM.

Augmenting Math Word Problems via Iterative Question Composing

In recent years, Federated Domain Generalization (FedDG) has succeeded in generalizing to unknown clients (domains).
However, current methods only utilize training data, and when there is a significant difference between the unknown client and source client domains (domain shift), these methods cannot ensure model performance. This limitation appears to have caused research in FedDG to reach a bottleneck. On the other hand, test data is a resource that can help models adapt while previous FedDG approaches have not taken this into account. In this paper, we introduce a new framework TTA-FedDG to address the FedDG problem, which leverages test-time adaptation (TTA) to adapt across different domains, thereby enhancing the generalization of the model. We propose the method Federated domain generalization based on select Strong Pseudo Label (FedSPL), which combines fast feature matching and knowledge distillation. Our method consists of two parts. Firstly, we use fast feature reordering for feature mixing during local updates on the client side, improving the robustness of the global model and enhancing its generalization ability to mitigate domain shift. Secondly, we
employ a teacher-student model with contrastive learning and label selection during the testing phase, enabling the global model to better adapt to the distribution of the target client,thereby alleviating domain shift. Extensive experiments havedemonstrated the effectiveness of FedSPL in handling domain shift, outperforming existing FedDG methods across multiple datasets and model architectures.

TTA-FedDG: Leveraging Test-Time Adaptation to Address Federated Domain Generalization

Ordinal regression (also known as ordinal classification) classifies an object to belong to a class out of a given set of possible classes, where labels possess a natural order. It is relevant
to a wide array of domains including risk assessment, sentiment analysis, image ranking, and recommender systems.
Like common classification, the primary goal of ordinal regression is accuracy. Yet, in this context, the severity of prediction errors varies, e.g., in risk assessment, Critical Risk
assessment is more urgent than High risk and significantly
more urgent than No risk. This leads to a modified objective
of ensuring that the model’s output is as close as possible to
the correct class, considering the order of labels. Therefore,
ordinal regression models can use a specialized ordinal loss
for training. In this work, we focus on two properties of ordinal losses, namely monotonicity and balance sensitivity. We
show that existing ordinal loss functions lack these properties and introduce SLACE, a novel loss function that provably satisfy said properties. We demonstrate empirically that
SLACE outperforms the state-of-the-art ordinal loss functions on most tabular ordinal regression benchmarks.

SLACE: A Monotone and Balance-Sensitive Loss Function for Ordinal Regression

Glass surfaces are becoming increasingly ubiquitous as modern buildings tend to use a lot of glass panels. This, however, poses substantial challenges to the operations of autonomous systems such as robots, self-driving cars, and drones, as the glass panels can become transparent obstacles to navigation. Existing works attempt to exploit various cues, including glass boundary context or reflections, as a prior. However, they are all based on input RGB images. We observe that the transmission of 3D depth sensor light through glass surfaces often produces blank regions in the depth maps, which can offer additional insights to complement the RGB image features for glass surface detection. 
In this work, we propose a large-scale RGB-D glass surface detection dataset, \textit{RGB-D GSD}, for rigorous experiments and future research. It contains 3,009 images offering a wide range of real-world RGB-D glass surface categories, paired with precise annotations. Moreover, we propose a novel glass surface detection framework combining RGB and depth information, with two novel modules: a cross-modal context mining (CCM) module to adaptively learn individual and mutual context features from RGB and depth information, and a depth-missing aware attention (DAA) module to explicitly exploit spatial locations where missing depths occur to help detect the presence of glass surfaces.
Experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Leveraging RGB-D Data with Cross-Modal Context Mining for Glass Surface Detection

Sequential recommendation aims to predict the next item a user is likely to interact with based on their historical interaction sequence. Capturing user intent is crucial in this process, as each interaction is typically driven by specific intentions (e.g., buying skincare products for skin maintenance, buying makeup for cosmetic purposes, etc.). However, users often have multiple, dynamically changing intents, making it challenging for models to accurately learn these intents when relying on the entire historical sequence as input. To address this, we developed a novel framework called Intent Oriented Contrastive Learning for Sequential Recommendation (IOCLRec). This framework begins by segmenting users’ sequential behaviors into multiple subsequences, which represent the coarse-grained intents of users at different points in their interaction history. These subsequences form the basis for the three contrastive learning modules within IOCLRec. The fine-grained intent contrastive learning module uncovers detailed intent representations, while the single-intent and multi-intent contrastive learning modules utilize intent-oriented data augmentation operators to capture the diverse intents of users. These three modules work synergistically, driving comprehensive performance optimization in intricate sequential recommendation scenarios. Our method has been extensively evaluated on four public datasets, demonstrating superior effectiveness.

Intent Oriented Contrastive Learning for Sequential Recommendation

Recent research explores the potential of Diffusion Models (DMs) for consistent object editing, which aims to modify object position, size, and composition, etc., while preserving the consistency of objects and background without changing their texture and attributes. Current inference-time methods often rely on DDIM inversion, which inherently compromises efficiency and the achievable consistency of edited images. Recent methods also utilize energy guidance which iteratively updates the predicted noise and can drive the latents away from the original image, resulting in distortions. In this paper, we propose PixelMan, an inversion-free and training-free method for achieving consistent object editing via Pixel Manipulation and generation, where we directly create a duplicate copy of the source object at target location in the pixel space, and introduce an efficient sampling approach to iteratively harmonize the manipulated object into the target location and inpaint its original location, while ensuring image consistency by anchoring the edited image to be generated to the pixel-manipulated image as well as by introducing various consistency-preserving optimization techniques during inference. Experimental evaluations based on benchmark datasets as well as extensive visual comparisons show that in as few as 16 inference steps, PixelMan outperforms a range of state-of-the-art training-based and training-free methods (usually requiring 50 steps) on multiple consistent object editing tasks.

PixelMan: Consistent Object Editing with Diffusion Models via Pixel Manipulation and Generation

Designing expressive generative models that support exact and efficient inference is a core question in probabilistic ML. Probabilistic circuits (PCs) offer a framework where this tractability-vs-expressiveness trade-off can be analyzed theoretically. Recently, squared PCs encoding subtractive mixtures via negative parameters have emerged as tractable models that can be exponentially more expressive than monotonic PCs, i.e., PCs with positive parameters only. In this paper we provide a more precise theoretical characterization of the expressiveness relationships among these models. First, we prove that squared PCs can be less expressive than monotonic ones. Second, we formalize a novel class of PCs – sum of squares PCs – that can be exponentially more expressive than both squared and monotonic PCs. Around sum of squares PCs, we build an expressiveness hierarchy that allows us to precisely unify and separate different tractable model classes such as Born Machines and PSD models, and other recently introduced tractable probabilistic models by using complex parameters. Finally, we empirically show the effectiveness of sum of squares circuits in performing distribution estimation.

Sum of Squares Circuits

Large Language Models (LLMs) have permeated various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. For the summarization tasks, LLMs can generate well-structured rationales, which consist of Essential Aspects (EA), Associated Sentences (AS) and Triple Entity Relations (TER). These rationales guide smaller models ($\leq$1B) to produce better summaries. However, their high deployment costs ($\geq$70B), such as substantial storage space and high computing requirements, limit their utilization in resource-constrained environments. Furthermore, effectively distilling these structured rationales from LLMs into Small Language Models (SLMs) models remains a challenge. To address this, we propose the $\textbf{L}$LM-based $\textbf{S}$tructured $\textbf{R}$ationale-guided $\textbf{M}$ulti-view $\textbf{W}$eak-gate $\textbf{F}$usion framework (LSR-MWF). The framework initially employs LLMs to dig structural rationales from a document, considering multiple viewpoints such as EA, AS, and TER. Then, it develop a multi-step summary generation evaluation strategy to select high-quality structured rationales. Subsequently, it aligns with these rationales using additional modules organized in a hierarchical structure. Finally, the framework integrates the features output by these modules with original abstractive model through a weak-gated mechanism. Experimental results on two publicly available CNN/DailyMail and XSum datasets show that our method improves the performance of the abstractive model, outperforming baselines by 11.2\% and 5.8\%, respectively. In addition, our method improves the interpretability of summary generation from the viewpoints of EA, AS and TER.

DDJND: Dual Domain Just Noticeable Difference in Multi-Source Content Images with Structural Discrepancy

Downloads

Next from AAAI 2025

Federated Graph Anomaly Detection Through Contrastive Learning with Global Negative Pairs