United States

Exploring Physical Phenomena: What happens when light from the Sun shines on the Earth?&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;is now available at&amp;nbsp;https://open.oregonstate.education/physicsforteachers/. We developed this open source textbook in a laboratory-based physics course for prospective elementary and middle school teachers. Explorations mostly involve everyday equipment so portions also are appropriate for use in general science courses,&amp;nbsp;hallway exhibits, and outreach activities.&amp;nbsp;Units include the nature of light phenomena, nature of thermal phenomena, influence of light and thermal phenomena on local weather, influence of light and thermal phenomena on global climate change, and nature of astronomical phenomena such as phases of the moon. Emphasis is upon questioning, predicting, exploring, and discussing what one thinks and why.&amp;nbsp;This open source textbook also emphasizes the integration of science and literacy learning. Each unit ends by making connections to the&amp;nbsp; Next Generation Science Standards. &amp;nbsp;Supplementary materials include equipment lists suitable for both on-campus and&amp;nbsp;remote learning contexts. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;

AAPT WM 21

Open Source Textbook: Exploring Physical Phenomena

exploring phenomena

open-source

teachers

climate change

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Exploring Physical Phenomena: What happens when light from the Sun shines on the Earth?&nbsp; &nbsp;is now available at&nbsp;https://open.oregonstate.education/physicsforteachers/. We developed this open source textbook in a laboratory-based physics course for prospective elementary and middle school teachers. Explorations mostly involve everyday equipment so portions also are appropriate for use in general science courses,&nbsp;hallway exhibits, and outreach activities.&nbsp;Units include the nature of light phenomena, nature of thermal phenomena, influence of light and thermal phenomena on local weather, influence of light and thermal phenomena on global climate change, and nature of astronomical phenomena such as phases of the moon. Emphasis is upon questioning, predicting, exploring, and discussing what one thinks and why.&nbsp;This open source textbook also emphasizes the integration of science and literacy learning. Each unit ends by making connections to the&nbsp; Next Generation Science Standards. &nbsp;Supplementary materials include equipment lists suitable for both on-campus and&nbsp;remote learning contexts. &nbsp; &nbsp;

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The rapid transition to virtual teaching in March 2020 created opportunities for panic and chaos in high school classrooms across the country. Our physics teacher advisory group (TAG) in Northeast Indiana quickly became an important resource for high school and university faculty. In multiple Zoom meetings, participants shared strategies, evaluated digital tools, created wish lists, and vented frustrations. Grant funding was diverted to schools in need of materials for at-home laboratory activities. Two members shared their personal experience and recovery from COVID-19. While an significant resource before the pandemic, the ability of the group to provide community to otherwise isolated physics teachers demonstrated the need to broaden our mission and increase our commitment of university resources for this venture.&nbsp;

Physics Teacher Collaboration in Pandemic Times

This talk focuses on how a traditional, face-to-face teacher professional development workshop series on electric guitars, acoustic guitars, CNC/Electric guitar hybrids was rapidly switched to be delivered in an online environment using Canvas.&nbsp; The switch posed a particular problem because of the hands-on nature of the workshops.&nbsp; The workshop series also served as a model for teachers as they were considering how to teach a project-based course online.&nbsp; This talk will highlight a roadmap for PD providers who may be facing similar situations.&nbsp; Workshop outcomes and lessons learned will also be shared.

Delivering Integrated STEM Professional Development in an Online Environment

How does physics fit into the Classical Education paradigm? What must any student pursuing a minor in Classical Education know about physics? A previously-offered one-credit undergraduate seminar course “Teaching Secondary Physics” has been redesigned to be accepted as an elective in the Classical Education minor program at Hillsdale College, directed toward future physics teachers in a classical school setting. In addition to modules on physics standards and the various components of a standard physics course (lecture, lab, equipment, demos, homework, exams, texts), the course specifically addresses the place and role that physics can and should play in the growing Classical Education movement. Topics of discussion in this component of the course include views of physics and physics education in the Classical School movement, what Classical pedagogy might look like as applied to the physics classroom, and special topics dealing with thinkers from Aristotle to Francis Bacon to C.S. Lewis.

Physics for a Classical Education Minor

One of two complementary panels dedicated to raising awareness about improving the accessibility of undergraduate physics laboratory courses. In this panel, undergraduate and graduate physics students talk about their previous and current experiences in physics labs, and they make suggestions for improving accessibility of labs.] Physics labs are an exciting opportunity to teach and learn about physics by collaboratively planning, building, and carrying out experiments and interacting with advanced phenomena, apparatus, and software. Students, staff, and faculty with disabilities deserve full access to these learning environments, and it is everyone’s responsibility to recognize and mitigate the specific barriers to participation posed by space, technology, and pedagogical constraints that are unique to labs. To that end (and with support from an AAPT Special Projects Grant), the AAPT Committee on Laboratories assembled a task force whose charge is to issue an open call for increased investment in accessible physics labs.

Making Physics Labs More Accessible: Perspectives of Current Physics Students

Steve Oldham is CEO of Carbon Engineering Ltd., a Canadian-based clean energy company. Carbon Engineering&nbsp;is focused on the deployment of Direct Air Capture technology that captures carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere at large scale, so it can be stored permanently underground or turned into clean transportation fuels. As more and more government and corporate leaders around the world are committing to net zero emissions, attention now turns to the cost, feasibility and societal impact of different solutions. Steve will discuss how Direct Air Capture technology is a feasible, available and affordable solution for removing carbon dioxide from the air at large scale;&nbsp;the opportunities it brings for the economy and how it provides the key missing ingredient in net zero plans.

Direct Air Capture and Achieving Net Zero Emissions

Electricity production is one of the top contributors to global carbon dioxide emissions. In 2019 almost two thirds of the world’s electricity was produced by fossil fuels; over half of that was produced by coal alone. As the rate of climate warming increases, it is essential that renewable and low-carbon generation be expanded, both to add new generation capacity and replace fossil fuel plants. For over 50 years the world’s nuclear power plants have produced reliable electricity, and nuclear is the best option for replacing base-load fossil fuel sources like coal, oil, and gas with a tiny fraction of the carbon emissions. NuScale Power, LLC, an Oregon-based startup, has developed a small modular reactor that combines that nuclear operating experience with an existing supply chain to provide evolutionary advances in efficiency and safety.

The Climate Change Equation Must Contain A Nuclear Energy Term

The world’s energy infrastructure creates a huge, unmanaged CO2 waste stream. Fossil carbon dumping is putting us onto an overshoot trajectory relative to the 1.5°C target set in Paris.&nbsp; Carbon must be drawn down at a staggering scale. Picking up carbon litter implies collecting and storing more carbon than was emitted during the 20 th &nbsp;century.&nbsp; Storage technologies are unpopular. However, Iceland shows how to form mineral carbonates from CO2 and basalt deep underground. Collecting carbon poses new challenges. Biomass capture is unlikely to scale. Direct air capture is scalable, but untested and too expensive. Once affordable, it will likely play an important role in climate stabilization.&nbsp; In addition, air capture will support a circular carbon economy.&nbsp; Solar energy, water and carbon dioxide taken from the air will be the ingredients for synthetic fuels for airplanes, ships and trucks.&nbsp; Then there will be no more need for fossil fuels.

Cleaning Up Carbon

Network analytic techniques such as Modified Module Analysis (MMA) and Modified Module Analysis – Partial (MMA-P) are powerful new tools which can identify coherent patterns of student responses to physics conceptual instruments. MMA and MMAP are used to analyze large datasets by forming networks of responses then using community detection algorithms to identify sets of responses that are consistently selected together. These techniques were applied to 4000 student responses to the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE) both prior to and post instruction. These studies identified a coherent set of non-Newtonian misconceptions in both the FCI and the FMCE. They also revealed communities of isomorphic items, issues with item-blocking, and items not functioning as intended within the instruments.

Network Analysis of the FCI and the FMCE

This research applied Modified Module Analysis (MMA) to over 5000 student responses to the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM). The CSEM was given at two major US land-grant universities in the introductory Electricity and Magnetism courses. MMA is a powerful tool for analyzing large datasets that uses the correlation matrix to form a network, community detection algorithms, and bootstrapping. Many studies have investigated student misconceptions in Newtonian physics by analyzing instruments such as the Force Concept Inventory or the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation. These studies showed that students hold non-Newtonian views on classical mechanics even post-instruction. However, much less research has investigated misconceptions in E&amp;amp;M. This study identifies communities of correct and incorrect answers to the CSEM to explore the structure of student misconceptions.

Network analysis of the CSEM with Modified Module Analysis

Modified Module Analysis using partial correlations (MMA-P) has been a productive method for studying concept inventories. MMA-P finds patterns in student responses, which can represent common alternative conceptions, test-taking strategies, or structures arising from the construction of the instrument. MMA-P has shown that because of these structures, grading each item independently underestimates students’ understanding of the material and that concept inventories written with highly attractive distractors may not detect the full spectrum of students’ reasoning. MMA-P can be extended by using multilevel network analysis. With multilevel techniques, populations of students can be disaggregated in the MMA-P analysis. For example, a multilevel network could be constructed with data from different institutions forming different levels in the network. Within each level, MMA-P finds modules of popular responses within an institution. Common responses form edges that link institutional networks together, opening a new dimension for MMA-P to find patterns that cross institutional boundaries. &nbsp;

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Open Source Textbook: Exploring Physical Phenomena

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