United States

Learn about 19 different physics activities embedded into an astronomy context developed by the Temple/AAPT team of the NASA Space Science Education Consortium. Many of these materials can be incorporated into an online learning environment. Activities cover topics as wide-reaching as spectroscopy and the likelihood of identifying life in outer space, periodic relationships and solar activity, electromagnetism and auroral currents, motion graphs and coronal mass ejections, and geometric optics and solar eclipses.

AAPT WM 21

Physics in an Astronomy Context: Resources from the NASA SSEC

earth and space science

astronomy

**Making Physics More Inclusive and Eliminating Exclusionary Practices in Physics**

As a gateway discipline to STEM majors and careers, physics plays a central role in deciding who does, and who doesn't, get to discover and pursue scientific careers. Technical and scientific professionals are rewarded with economic privilege and status which affords them both social and cultural power. Therefore, social justice will be realized only when the opportunity, and the choice, to excel in physics is open to all students. The culture and practices of the physics classroom reflect the culture of physics at large, which raises the question of how our professional physics communities can embrace, rather than inadvertently repel, a diverse group of academics that can help improve physics culture.  To this end, the 2021 Physics Education Research Conference will focus on defining inclusive spaces and practices. Additionally, we will explore strategies for eliminating exclusionary practices in our classrooms, research spaces, and professional organizations. We call on the community to propose sessions that will drive conversations related to these initiatives throughout PERC 2021.

Please download the full program [here. ](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TRMC_SYJ3PUqXyP7sskA7LRSA8ow0eRE/view?usp=sharing)

PERC SM 21

August 4, 2021 - August 5, 2021 in a Virtual Conference Format

Making Physics More Inclusive and Eliminating Exclusionary Practices in Physics

poster

AAPT® is a strong professional physics science society dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in physical science education.

Winter and Summer National Meetings:
These National Meetings, held each winter and summer, are opportunities for members, colleagues, and future physicists from around the world to:

- participate in physics workshops
- meet and greet other physics educators
- form networks nationally and locally
- engage exhibitors and learn about the latest physics resources
- discuss innovations in teaching methods
- share the results of research about teaching and learning.

If you're not able to log in, you're most likely using **incorrect login credentials**. Double-check that you are using the same email and password that you used to register for the conference, submit your abstract or access your AAPT membership. There may also be **an issue with your AAPT meeting registration**. Please email aapt2021@underline.io and programs@aapt.org and we will work quickly to resolve this issue.

Filling an important niche in the discipline-based science education research domain, the Journal of Astronomy &amp; Earth Sciences Education JAESE is entering its 8 th year.&nbsp; Initially started to fill the gap left by the termination of the Astronomy Education Review j ournal, JAESE publishes education-based research studies across the broad field of Earth, &nbsp;space, and planetary sciences including the disciplines of astronomy, climate education, energy resource science, environmental science, geology, geography, agriculture, meteorology, planetary sciences, and oceanography education. JAESE uses a double, blind-peer review process to insure the scholarly quality of the astronomy education research studies published.&nbsp; Moreover, JAESE uses an open-access financial model where nominal open-access costs are charged to authors and institutions rather than annual memberships, large library subscriptions, or expensive “gold” open-access fees.

Evolution of the Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education

For the past few years, the fall semester algebra-based introductory physics labs have been teaching skills alongside content. We instruct students on how to create models and how to use those models to answer experimental questions. When a student is presented with an experimental question, they are given minimal assistance and must design their own experiment based on prior knowledge. For our lab on buoyancy, we introduce the topic in lab first before going into more detail in the lecture. The end goal is for students to discover that the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water displaced. Students then analyze the results of their experiment and compare class data using a t-test, another learned skill.. We present this discovery lab to give others ideas for new labs that can be done in courses involving physics for the life sciences.

Discovering Buoyancy as an Open-ended Lab

The wave equation for electromagnetic waves, the Helmholtz equation, has the same form as the Schrodinger equation of quantum mechanics. We present the generation of optical beams in Mathieu modes, whose angular solution is the same as the wavefunction for the quantized pendulum. The light in such a mode is generated by a spatial light modulator and imaged by digital cameras. The intensity of the light in the far field is proportional to the probability of finding the pendulum bob as a function of angle. In this experiment students can investigate, quantization, wavefunction symmetry, probabilities and explore non-classical aspects of the quantum solutions. Superpositions can also produce wave-packets that resemble the classical motion. We also focus on states that approximate the harmonic oscillator.

An Advanced Lab on the Quantum Pendulum

My upper level Acoustics course was thrust into virtual mode. I designed a “do this at home” lab exercise which my students could perform with readily available equipment found at home. We did a quick study of the Helmholtz Resonator by using an empty 2 L soda bottle, a measuring cup, a ruler and a smartphone. By measuring the frequency with different amounts of water in the bottle, the students were able to extract a good value for the volume of the empty bottle from their graphical analysis of the data.&nbsp; (Many of them were surprised to discover that it is NOT 2.0 L.) As an assessment of their ability to extend the analysis, an exam question provided them with data for a small pendant-style ocarina, from which they were able to deduce the interior volume of the ocarina. Both the lab and the extension will be described.

A virtual Helmholtz Resonator lab

We conducted research on student difficulties used it as a guide to develop, validate and evaluate a quantum interactive learning tutorial (QuILT) on Larmor precession of spin to help students learn about time-dependence of expectation values in quantum mechanics. The QuILT builds on students' prior knowledge and strives to help them develop a good knowledge structure of relevant concepts. It adapts visualization tools to help students develop intuition about these topics and focuses on helping students integrate qualitative and quantitative understanding. Here, we summarize the development, validation and in-class evaluation. We thank the National Science Foundation for support.

Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial on Larmor Precession of Spin

Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) is an instructional strategy involving feedback from students on pre-lecture activities in order to design in-class activities to build on the continuing feedback from students. We investigated the effectiveness of a JiTT approach, which included in-class concept tests using clickers in an upper-division quantum mechanics course. We analyzed student performance on pre-lecture reading quizzes, in-class clicker questions answered individually, and clicker questions answered after group discussion, and compared those performances with open-ended retention quizzes administered after all instructional activities on the same concepts. In general, compared to the reading quizzes, student performance improved when individual clicker questions were posed after lectures that focused on student difficulties found via electronic feedback. The performance on the clicker questions after group discussion following individual clicker question responses also showed improvement. We discuss some possible reasons for improved performance at various stages. We thank the National Science Foundation for support.

Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction Using Clickers in Quantum Mechanics

We describe the development, validation and in-class evaluation of a Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial (QuILT) on quantum key distribution, a context which involves an exciting application of quantum mechanics. The protocol used in the QuILT uses single photons with non-orthogonal polarization states to generate a random shared key over a public channel for encrypting and decrypting information. The QuILT strives to help upper-level undergraduate students learn quantum mechanics using a simple two state system. It actively engages students in the learning process and helps them build links between the formalism and the conceptual aspects of quantum physics without compromising the technical content. The in-class evaluation suggests that the validated QuILT is helpful in improving students’ understanding of relevant concepts. We thank the National Science Foundation for support.

A Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial on Quantum Key Distribution

We developed and validated a Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial (QuILT) on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with single photons to expose upper-level students in quantum mechanics courses to contemporary applications. The QuILT strives to help students develop the ability to apply fundamental quantum principles to physical situations and explore differences between classical and quantum ideas. The QuILT adapts visualization tools to help students build physical intuition about quantum phenomena and focuses on helping them integrate qualitative and quantitative understandings. Findings will be presented from in-class implementation of the research-validated QuILT. We thank the National Science Foundation for support.

Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Single Photons

All measurements used in education should be fair, reliable and valid. Psychometrics is the field of study that concerns itself with the development of these measurements. Specifically psychometricians develop theories of measurement of both the development of instrument assessing individuals’ skills, abilities, attitudes and educational knowledge, as well as the general test theory behind said development. Psychometrics should guide the development of all measurements undertaken as part of education including classroom tests, quizzes and any other quantitative data collected as part of normal courses as well as the research-based assessments, such as conceptual learning assessment instruments (RbCLAIs). Unfortunately, the theory and methods of psychometrics are not well known or understood.&nbsp; In this poster, I will present the basics of psychometrics as well as common misunderstandings of the psychometrics involved in the development of RBCLAIs.&nbsp;

What Physics Education Researchers Needs to Know About Psychometrics

&nbsp;Most students find difficulty in visualizing 3D concepts in physics courses. Some of these include torque, circular motion, and moment of inertia. A solution to this issue is to present these concepts in augmented reality to allow for better visualization of them. The augmented reality activities presented in this project were created by a team of undergraduate physics and computer science students using the software Unity and the Merge Cube. We present a systematic process of creating and improving specialized apps that can be utilized in a classroom environment.

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