Thailand

This research paper presents an in-depth examination of bias identification in media content related to the Israel-Palestine war. Focusing on the annotation guidelines and process developed by our team of researchers, the document outlines a systematic approach to discerning bias in articles. Through meticulous analysis, key indicators of bias such as emotive language, weasel words, and loaded comparisons are identified and discussed. The paper also explores the delineation between facts and opinions, emphasizing the importance of maintaining objectivity in annotation. Ethical considerations, including the handling of sensitive data and the promotion of multipartiality among annotators, are carefully addressed. The annotation guidelines also include other ethical considerations such as identifying rumors, false information, exercising prudence and selective quotations. The research paper offers insights into the annotation experience, highlighting common mistakes and providing valuable guidelines for future research in bias identification. By providing a comprehensive framework for evaluating bias in media coverage of the Israel-Palestine war, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities inherent in media discourse surrounding contentious geopolitical issues.

ACL 2024

Eagles at FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task: A Context-informed Prescriptive Approach to Bias Detection in Contentious News Narratives

israel

gaza

palestine

narrative

shared task

news

bias

annotation

### Welcome!
The 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2024) will take place in Bangkok, Thailand from August 11th to 16th, 2024. Our Virtual Poster Sessions will take place online Thursday, August 22, 2024.

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The 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2024) will take place in Bangkok, Thailand from August 11th to 16th, 2024. More information will be announced soon.

workshop paper

This article presents the participation of "The Guideline Specialists" in the FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task, which aims to unravel bias and propaganda in news media narratives surrounding the Gaza-Israel 2023-2024 war. Leveraging innovative annotation methodologies and drawing on a diverse team of annotators, our approach focuses on meticulously annotating news articles using a linguistic approach to uncover the intricate nuances of bias. By incorporating detailed examples and drawing on related work that show how language structure represented in the use of passive voice or the use of nominalization and the choice of vocabulary carry bias, our findings provide valuable insights into the representation of the Gaza-Israel conflict across various languages and cultures. The guideline we developed detected the bias against Gaza, against Israel and others by setting keywords that are based on linguistic background tested by the AntConc concordance tool. The result was an annotation guideline that have a solid base. Through this collaborative effort, we developed a guideline that contributes to fostering a deeper understanding of media narratives during one of the most critical moments in recent history.

The Guidelines Specialists at FIGNEWS 2024 Shared Task: An annotation guideline to Unravel Bias in News Media Narratives Using a Linguistic Approach

This paper outlines the KSAA-CAD shared task, highlighting the Contemporary Arabic Language Dictionary within the scenario of developing a Reverse Dictionary (RD) system and enhancing Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) capabilities. The first KSAA-RD (Al-Matham et al., 2023) highlighted significant gaps in the domain of RDs, which are designed to retrieve words by their meanings or definitions. This shared task comprises two tasks: RD and WSD. The RD task focuses on identifying word embeddings that most accurately match a given definition, termed a "gloss," in Arabic. Conversely, the WSD task involves determining the specific meaning of a word in context, particularly when the word has multiple meanings. The winning team achieved the highest-ranking score of 0.0644 in RD using Electra embeddings. In this paper, we describe the methods employed by the participating teams and provide insights into the future direction of KSAA-CAD.

KSAA-CAD Shared Task: Contemporary Arabic Dictionary for Reverse Dictionary and Word Sense Disambiguation

We present Team Cher's submission to the ArabicNLP 2024 KSAA-CAD shared task on the reverse dictionary for Arabic---the retrieval of words using definitions as a query. Our approach is based on a multi-task learning framework that jointly learns reverse dictionary, definition generation, and reconstruction tasks. This work explores different tokenization strategies and compares retrieval performance for each embedding architecture. Evaluation using the KSAA-CAD benchmark demonstrates the effectiveness of our multi-task approach and provides insights into the reverse dictionary task for Arabic. It is worth highlighting that we achieve strong performance without using any external resources in addition to the provided training data.

Cher at KSAA-CAD 2024: Compressing Words and Definitions into the Same Space for Arabic Reverse Dictionary

This research paper presents our approach for the KSAA-CAD 2024 competition, focusing on Arabic Reverse Dictionary (RD) task (Alshammari et al., 2024). Leveraging the functionalities of the Arabic Reverse Dictionary, our system allows users to input glosses and retrieve corresponding words. We provide all associated notebooks and developed models on GitHub and Hugging face, respectively. Our task entails working with a dataset comprising dictionary data and word embedding vectors, utilizing three different architectures of contextualized word embeddings: AraELECTRA, AraBERTv2, and camelBERT-MSA. We fine-tune the AraT5v2-base-1024 model for predicting each embedding, considering various hyperparameters for training and validation. Evaluation metrics include ranking accuracy, mean squared error (MSE), and cosine similarity. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on both development and test datasets, showcasing promising performance across different embedding types.

MISSION at KSAA-CAD 2024: AraT5 with Arabic Reverse Dictionary

Semantic search tasks have grown extremely fast following the advancements in large language models, including the Reverse Dictionary and Word Sense Disambiguation in Arabic. This paper describes our participation in the Contemporary Arabic Dictionary Shared Task. We propose two models that achieved first place in both tasks. We conducted comprehensive experiments on the latest five multilingual sentence transformers and the Arabic BERT model for semantic embedding extraction. We achieved a ranking score of 0.06 for the reverse dictionary task, which is double than last year's winner. We had an accuracy score of 0.268 for the Word Sense Disambiguation task.

ASOS at KSAA-CAD 2024: One Embedding is All You Need for Your Dictionary

The domain of reverse dictionaries (RDs), while advancing in languages like English and Chinese, remains underdeveloped for Arabic. This study attempts to explore a data-driven approach to enhance word retrieval processes in Arabic RDs. The research focuses on the ArabicNLP 2024 Shared Task, named KSAA-CAD, which provides a dictionary dataset of 39,214 word-gloss pairs, each with a corresponding target word embedding. The proposed solution aims to surpass the baseline performance by employing SOTA deep learning models and innovative data expansion techniques. The methodology involves enriching the dataset with contextually relevant examples, training a T5 model to align the words to their glosses in the space, and evaluating the results on the shared task metrics. We find that our model is closely aligned with the baseline performance on bertseg and bertmsa targets, however does not perform well on electra target, suggesting the need for further exploration.

Baleegh at KSAA-CAD 2024: Towards Enhancing Arabic Reverse Dictionaries

We describe the findings of the fifth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task (NADI 2024). NADI’s objective is to help advance SoTA Arabic NLP by providing guidance, datasets, modeling opportunities, and standardized evaluation conditions that allow researchers to collaboratively compete on prespecified tasks. NADI 2024 targeted both dialect identification cast as a multi-label task (Subtask 1), identification of the Arabic level of dialectness (Subtask 2), and dialect-to-MSA machine translation (Subtask 3). A total of 51 unique teams registered for the shared task, of whom 12 teams have participated (with 76 valid submissions during the test phase). Among these, three teams participated in Subtask 1, three in Subtask 2, and eight in Subtask 3. The winning teams achieved 50.57 F1 on Subtask 1, 0.1403 RMSE for Subtask 2, and 20.44 BLEU in Subtask 3, respectively. Results show that Arabic dialect processing tasks such as dialect identification and machine translation remain challenging. We describe the methods employed by the participating teams and briefly offer an outlook for NADI.

NADI 2024: The Fifth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task

Navigating the intricacies of machine translation (MT) involves tackling the nuanced disparities between Arabic dialects and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), presenting a formidable obstacle. In this study, we delve into Subtask 3 of the NADI shared task cite{nadi}, focusing on the translation of sentences from four distinct Arabic dialects into MSA. Our investigation explores the efficacy of various models, including Jais, NLLB, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4, in this dialect-to-MSA translation endeavor. Our findings reveal that Jais surpasses all other models, boasting an average BLEU score of 19.48 in the combination of zero- and few-shot setting, whereas NLLB exhibits the least favorable performance, garnering a BLEU score of 8.77.

Arabic Train at NADI 2024 shared task: LLMs’ Ability to Translate Arabic Dialects into Modern Standard Arabic

Recognizing the nuanced spectrum of dialectness in Arabic text poses a significant challenge for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Traditional dialect identification (DI) methods treat the task as binary, overlooking the continuum of dialect variation present in Arabic speech and text. In this paper, we describe our submission to the NADI shared Task of ArabicNLP 2024. We participated in Subtask 2 - ALDi Estimation, which focuses on estimating the Arabic Level of Dialectness (ALDi) for Arabic text, indicating how much it deviates from Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) on a scale from 0 to 1, where 0 means MSA and 1 means high divergence from MSA. We explore diverse training approaches, including contrastive learning, applying a random weighted sampler along with fine-tuning a regression task based on the AraBERT model, after adding a linear and non-linear layer on top of its pooled output. Finally, performing a brute force ensemble strategy increases the performance of our system. Our proposed solution achieved a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.1406, ranking second on the leaderboard.

AlexUNLP-STM at NADI 2024 shared task: Quantifying the Arabic Dialect Spectrum with Contrastive Learning, Weighted Sampling, and BERT-based Regression Ensemble

We report the approaches submitted to the NADI 2024 Subtask 1: Multi-label country-level Dialect Identification (MLDID). The core part was to adapt the information from multi-class data for a multi-label dialect classification task. We experimented with supervised and unsupervised strategies to tackle the task in this challenging setting. Under the supervised setup, we used the model trained using NADI 2023 data and devised approaches to convert the multi-class predictions to multi-label by using information from the confusion matrix or using calibrated probabilities. Under unsupervised settings, we used the Arabic-based sentence encoders and multilingual cross-encoders to retrieve similar samples from the training set, considering each test input as a query. The associated labels are then assigned to the input query. We also tried different variations, such as co-occurring dialects derived from the provided development set. We obtained the best validation performance of 48.5% F-score using one of the variations with an unsupervised approach and the same approach yielded the best test result of 43.27% (Ranked 2).

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